cide is absurd and ridiculous applied to a man who had freed four millions of slaves, and prepared the way to freedom for the three millions more in the Spanish colonies and Brazil, and inaugurated the era of universal emancipation of the races, which, like the fellahs of Egypt and parias of India, are yet the object of spoliation by more powerful races. The regeneration even of Africa itself, of that great continent which is the affront of the century, will be, perhaps, one of the consequences of the abolition of slavery in North America.

If the emancipation of the negroes could give the right, not to a fanatic or inebriate, but to a slaveholder, to avenge himself by murdering the liberator, what right would not the being enslaved give the slave against the master?

If the assassination of Mr. Lincoln could find an excuse with the slavery party, with what show of justice could any vengeance be lamented which, in the name of a whole race invoking the recollections of two centuries of oppression, the negroes should now take on their ancient spoilers? What good was to result to a cause already fallen in the opinions and consciences of men, by the assassination of a single man, who was not the creator but simply the instrument of an idea before fixed in the brain of all, and master of their wills? Abraham Lincoln is dead, but his work is finished and sealed forever with the veneration which God has given to the blood of martyrs. He who was yesterday a man, is to-day an apostle; he who was the centre at which the shots of malice and hatred were aimed, is now consecrated by the sacrament of death; he who was yesterday a power, is to-day a prestige, sacred, irresistible. His voice is louder and more potent from the mansion of martyrs than from the capitol, and the cry which was boldly raised among the living is mute before the majesty of the tomb.

Abraham Lincoln passes to the side of Washington-the one the father, and the other the savior of a great nation. The traditions, pure and stainless, of the early times of the republic, broken at the close of the administration of the second Adams, were restored in the martyr of Ford's theatre; and the predominance of material interests which has heretofore obscured the country of Franklin, will abdicate the field to the prelacy of moral ideas, of justice, of equality, and of reparation.

The whip has dropped from the hand of the overseer; the blood-hound will hunt no more the fugitive slave in the mangrove swamps of the Mississippi; the hammer of the auctioneer of negroes has struck for the last time on his platform, and its hateful sound has died into eternal silence. The sacred ties of love which unite the hearts of slaves will not again be broken by the forced separation of husbands and wives, parents and children. The unnatural and infamous consort between the words liberty and slavery is dissolved forever; and liberty! liberty! will be the cry which shall run from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the northern lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.

This great work has cost a great price. Humanity will have to mourn yet for many years to come the horrors of that civil war; but above the blood of its victims, above the bones of its dead, above the ashes of desolate hearths, will arise the great figure of Abraham Lincoln, as the most acceptable sacrifice offered by the nineteenth century in expiation of the great crime of the sixteenth. Above all the anguish and tears of that immense hecatomb will appear the shade of Lincoln as the symbol of hope and of pardon.

[From El Tiempo de Bogota of May 24, 1865.]
[Translation.]

AN AMERICAN CALAMITY! ASSASSINATion of president LINCOLN !

The most horrible and frightful crime, without example in republican America, has just been perpetrated in Washington; a crime without defence, excuse, or extenuation; a crime coldly premeditated and coldly executed, as a consequence of the dark political plottings of the leaders of a ferocious party; of that party which opposes throughout the world every principle of liberty, every aspiration of independence, all progress in the life of humanity. The crime committed in Washington is not an isolated crime engendered by spirit of the slavery fanatic to the point of putting the pistol and dagger in the hands of New Ravaillacs. No; the crime committed in Washington, being futile for the return of things to the state in which they were before the proclamation of emancipation, the law abolishing slavery and the surrender of Richmond, could have had no other than vengeance for its object. But in republics, where the killing of men does not kill ideas, the death of Mr. Lincoln could have had no ulterior object connected with the war or the re-establishment of slavery in the southern States. These were and are still dead questions. The object of removing Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Seward from the political scenes of the world was more distant, of greater dimensions, and of more transcendent consequences to republican America. We may be mistaken in our fears, but we catch a glimmering from the dark councils of the despots of every lineage on the other side of the Atlantic, of the exterminating thought which armed the assassins of the night of the 14th of April.

Lincoln was a man of iron, of firm will, irresistible; he was the personification of the liberal idea in its genuine acceptation; he was beloved by his fellow-citizens, and sustained by the statesmen and generals of the greatest and most merited renown in his country; he was terrible, in fine, but not a terror to the conquered confederates, to whom, in his magnanimity, he had opened his arms for reconciliation; but he was a terror to others-to the unwelcome invaders of Mexico, to the enemies of republics, of the world of Columbus.

There may be temerity in our conjectures, but the idea, the fear, the suspicion, are not exclusively ours. Not a single friend who has casually fallen in our way that does not harbor them. There is a secret instinct in men which tells them from whence come the dangers that threaten them, and rarely are they mistaken in listening to it.

Mr. Seward was, and may continue to be, as he still lives, the second person, the second thought of Lincoln-the incarnation with him of the liberal opinion and progress of his country; of that country the most enlightened, the richest, the most indomitable, the most powerful of the earth now and henceforward. Seward has been able to do much for the republican liberty of the continent, and he was a terror also.

But they are sadly mistaken who think of checking in the United States of the north the inevitable course of events long since marked out by opinion, for opinion is the true despotic queen of the American Union. It wills and does everything in spite of those who govern. There the people command, the people give impulse and make themselves obeyed by their chiefs and leaders.

We cannot but feel deeply pained and an indefinable indignation at the sorrowful event. Sympathizing for four years past with Mr. Lincoln and his Secretary, admiring their ability and patriotism, we are overwhelmed with grief at the immense loss, which is a loss so great to the cause of America. Our brothers of the north receive our deepest and most sincere condolence.

If Lincoln and Seward have died, their glory, their splendid glory, survives them; and that glory is and will be the glory of a gigantic people.

[From El Tiempo de Bogota, June 21, 1865.]

[Translation.]

OFFICIAL MOURNING.

To-day has been set apart for the purpose of honoring officially in this city the memory of the deceased President of the United States of America. Incited by the honorable Allan A. Burton, the government of Colombia, that of the State of Cundinamarca, the diplomatic ministers, and the members of the consular body residing in the capital of the republic, have raised their flags at half-mast, as a manifestation of their respect and admiration for the illustrious dead, and the sincere affliction caused by his premature death.

It appears that some other spontaneous manifestations of sympathy in honor of the great deceased statesman have been prepared; but be these what they may, the honorable Mr. Allan A. Burton must be convinced already that the deplorable loss of Mr. Lincoln has profoundly wounded the Colombia people, who have long looked to him as the bulwark of the world of Columbus and of the glories of democratic America.

(The two foregoing articles from "El Tiempo" are written by the honorable Mr. Lleras, ex-secretary of foreign relations and late chief justice of the republic.)

[Translation.]

UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA-SOVEREIGN STATE OF BOLIVAR-PRESIDENCY OF THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF THE DISTRICT.

BANANQUILLA, June 26, 1865.

SIR: The municipal council, at its session of the 17th instant, adopted the printed resolution duly authenticated by its secretary, which I have the honor to send you upon that unhappy event, the death of the citizen Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America.

In fulfilling this most honorable duty my heart is overwhelmed by the greatest and most glowing pain, which can only be felt by true republicans at the sad end of that great man.

I am, your most obsequient servant,

MANUEL MOLINARES.

The VICE-CONSUL of the United States of America.

RESOLUTION.

The municipal council of Bananquilla, faithful interpreter of the people it represents, declares that Abraham Lincoln has merited the sympathies of society for his eminent services lent to humanity, by returning to the condition of freemen four millions of beings held by shameful avarice in the catalogue of beasts, condemned to labor night and day to uphold in idleness and luxury their oppressors.

That it disapproves and condemns the horrifying crime committed, on the 14th of April of this year, on the person of the enlightened citizen Abraham Lincoln, by the treacherous hand of the partisans of the traffic in human flesh.

That the death of Mr. Lincoln is touching and painful to the people of Bananquilla, and the council performs a duty in inscribing this resolution on its records as a testimonial to his memory.

Let this be communicated to whom it may concern.

MANUEL MOLINARES, President.

RAFAEL P. FONUEYRA, Vice-President.
D. MALABET.

JUAN DE D. ROCHA.
JUAN SANTRICH,
JOSE G. NUBIO.

MANUEL PREN.

J. M. DE LA PEÑA, Secretary.

[Translation.]

Resolution of the municipal council of the district of Corozal to the memory of the illustrious citizen Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America.

COROZAL, June 6, 1865.

The liberty of the world has lost its most fervent defender, civilization its most gallant representative, humanity its most generous protector, the American nation a type of civil valor and heroic self-denial which ought to characterize the first magistrate of a republic, the principle of constitutionality its most enthusiastic sustainer, and the sympathetic and progressive republic of the United States of America its enlightened son, twice called to guide it-the citizen Abraham Lincoln, who died on the 14th of April last, at the hands of men who prefer vileness and degradation to human liberty and independence.

A crime of such magnitude is to be justly execrated by this generation and consigned to posterity as an act without parallel, and the most atrocious in the annals of nations.

The municipal council of the district of Corozal participates in the grief which has befallen the North American nation in the solemn moments when that extraordinary man was waving the flag of his country in triumph; and tender the expression of their grief at so unhappy an event to the consul of the United States of America in the capital of the state of Bolivar, through the deputy to the state convention for this province, citizen Juan Manuel Grau.

Let a copy of this resolution be sent to the secretary general of state, for the information of the executive power, and two copies to citizen Grau, that one may be presented to the American consul.

PEDRO J. DE VIVERO DE LA TORRE,

*My hand refuses to translate the word "leñador," as it was intended. It is here used with perfect respect, as it is in the resolution of the constituent assembly of Bolivar, where I translate it "woodsman," at the expense of fidelity. What a change in its signification from 1860 to 1865!

ALLAN A. BURTON.

[Translation.]

UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA-SOVEREIGN STATE OF BOLIVAR-THE PRESIDENTE OF THE STATE.

No. 27]

CARTHAGENA, May 12, 1865.

SIR: The sudden and violent death of the citizen Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, was an event so unhappy that it could not otherwise than have produced a deep sensation in the minds of the people of this capital, justly and truly expressed in the resolution of the constituent assembly, which the undersigned has the honor to send to your excellency, duly authenticated by the secretary general of the state.

In performing the very honorable duty of serving as the organ for communicating this resolution to your excellency, the undersigned obeys one of the sincere inspirations of his heart by expressing his particular grief at that sad event, whose immense magnitude, arising from the very high importance of the magistrate and citizen, he prays heaven may in no wise affect the flattering future of the great republic.

With sentiments of the most distinguished consideration, the undersigned has the honor to subscribe himself his excellency's attentive and obedient servant, A. GONZALEZ CARAZO, President.

His Excellency ALLAN A. BURTON, &c., &c., &c.

Resolution of the convention of the sovereign state of Bolivar to the memory of the excellent and illustrious citizen Abraham Lincoln, twice President of the United States of America.

The convention of the sovereign state of Bolivar recalls with profound feelings of gratitude and respect the great and eminent services rendered to the cause of liberty and independence to the human race, and particularly to the descendants of Ham, the populator and civilizer of Africa, by the enlightened and illustrious citizen Abraham Lincoln, who was twice elected President of the United States of America.

The convention laments, with tokens of public mourning, the sad event of the 14th of April last, when the honest and upright woodsman was assassinated-a man who by industry and the study of law reached the high position of President and savior of the American Union, by the votes of his fellow-citizens— and requests the towns, as well as the inhabitants of the state, to organize funeral ceremonies in commemoration of the unfortunate event.

Let this be communicated to the executive power that he may make it known to the town authorities of the state, to the consul of the United States of America in this city, and to the minister of that nation in Bogota.

CARTHAGENA, May 10, 1865.

Moved in the convention by the following members, from the provinces of Magangue, Mompos, Lorica, Carmen, Sincelejo, Sabanalarga, Baranquilla, Chinu, Cartajena, and Corozal:

C. Benedeti, R. Santodomingo Vila, J. D. Carmen Bula, Francisco de P. Ribon, Juan N. Ballesteros, Fernando Sanches, Ramon Torres Anjel, Manuel C. Bello, Manuel Espinosa, Facundo Madrid, Pablo Hernandez, Manuel N. Nuñez, jr., Pedro A. Polo, Avelino Manotas, José Martin Blanco, J. Anjel Benavides Z., A. Samper Llanos, M. Antonio Pineda, Ignacio Navas, M. M. de Bustos, Celso de la Puente, F. G. Carazo, Juan Manuel Grau.