The eldest son of the first pastor, John Youngs, became one of the ablest and most important men on Long Island, a public character for full half a century. He was a sea-captain, a military colonel, the sheriff of Yorkshire, the head of the commission to adjust and determine the boundary between New York and Connecticut, an honorable counselor appointed by the king of England (from being well and favorably known at the English court) to a succession of the governors of New York, including Dongan, Andros, Sloughter, Fletcher, and Bellomont-and he was one of the judges who tried and condemned Jacob Leisler. It is said that he had more to do than any other citizen of the province in obtaining from the Duke of York the power conferred on Governor Dongan to convene, in 1683, the first colonial assembly, by which the people of New York were allowed to participate in legislation.

His old house is still standing in Southold. Governor John Youngs of New York, elected in 1846, and subsequently assistant treasurer of the United States at New York, together with Rev. Dr. S. Irenæus Prime, Rev. Dr. Edward D. Prime of the New York Observer, and William C. Prime, LL.D., and John Ledyard the traveler, descended from Southold's first pastor, Rev. John Youngs. Thomas Benedict was the ancestor of a long line of scholars, jurists, and clergymen, not least among whom was Hon. Erastus C. Benedict, chancellor of the university of the state of New York. Barnabas Horton's descendants include such notables as Rev. Simon Horton, Rev. Azariah Horton, and Rev. Theodore L. Cuyler, D.D. And the late Stephen Whitney, one of New York's millionaires, descended from Henry Whitney of Southold's founders. We might prolong the list of Southold's notable children and children's children indefinitely, but space forbids.

As the years rolled on, young Southold increased in population, but its authorities were extremely particular as to whom they allowed to come into and dwell in the little town. Thus the moral, intellectual, and religious character of its people was preserved from generation to generation. The third pastor was Rev. Benjamin Woolsey, whose eminent and scholarly descendants constitute a noble army, too numerous to be mentioned here, including President Woolsey of Yale, President Timothy Dwight, D.D., President Sereno Edwards Dwight, D.D., Professors Theodore W. Dwight, LL.D., and Benjamin W. Dwight, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D., Governor George Hoadley of Ohio, and Rear-Admiral Samuel L. Breese. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes gave to Southold the L'Hommedieu and the Bosseau families. The house is still standing that Benjamin L'Hommedieu provided for his bride, the pretty daughter of

Nathaniel Sylvester, proprietor of the manor of Shelter island, with whom he fell in love in the most romantic fashion one Sunday morning soon after his arrival.* Their grandson, Ezra L'Hommedieu, became a man of national renown, one of the great and useful characters of his generation. Dr. Whitaker refers to him in the History of Southold as the chief citizen of the town when the contest of the Revolution drew near. "Under his leadership most of the Southold men very early pledged themselves to support congress. Mr. L'Hommedieu represented the town, and far more, in the provincial congress at New York from 1775 to 1777, and then in the state assembly from 1777 to 1782; in the continental congress from 1779 to 1782, and again in 1788. He was the clerk of Suffolk county from 1784 until his death in 1812, except one year. He was a member of the state senate from 1784 to 1792, and as chairman of the judiciary committee many of the early laws of the state of New York were written by his pen. He was repeatedly a member of the council of appointment, and a regent of the university of the state from the time of the organization of the board, in 1788, until his death." Thus we can see, without further details, that, from the very first, Southold possessed elements of national interest, and that from her historic homes influences emanated affecting the destinies of millions of the great human family. Her people have been prosperous at home; their accumulations have required the establishment of a bank, which some one says represents several millions; and her annals, through the pens of her able writers, present to the world a history that is not only picturesque and fascinating, but so extended in its touch that throughout the length and breadth of the continent it will attract scions of the old ancestral stock, who cannot fail to revel in its memories with interest, and study its fresh lessons with profit and pleasure.

Martha J Lamb

*

Magazine of American History for November, 1887, vol. xviii., page 361.

THE HISTORIC TEMPLE AT NEW WINDSOR, 1783

A PICTURE MADE AT THAT TIME AND NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED

The picture below of "The Temple of Virtue " represents the structure called alternately "The Temple," "The New Building," and "The Public Building," erected in the fore part of the year 1783, at the winter cantonment of the American army, near New Windsor, New York.

It was a frame edifice built upon land of Jabez Atwood, now owned by William L. McIsill, and stood his residence, and about thirty rods struction was suggested by the Revin the army, and approved by Gen

about twenty rods south of
east of the highway. Its con-
erend Israel Evans, a chaplain
eral George Washington.
the trustees of the headquar

ters at Newburgh that a drawing was in existence in Boston representing the Temple, together with the buildings occupied by the officers and soldiers of the Massachusetts line, and other things of great interest. Major E. C. Boynton, the celebrated author of the accurate and delightful history of West Point, visited Boston, and succeeded in procuring the drawing, with permission to make a copy therefrom. The original is about seven feet long and eighteen inches wide, and was executed by William Tarbell, a soldier in the Seventh Massachusetts Regiment, and is now owned by his grandson, Luther A. Tarbell of Boston. The drawing is as common as it is

interesting. It is made on sheets of foolscap paper pasted together on a piece of canvas, and the coloring used was the juice of grass, butternut, and berries.

Until this time no picture of the Temple has been known to exist. Mr. Lossing inserted in his Field Book of the Revolution, a drawing made from representations received from Robert Burnett, a revolutionary officer; but it now turns out that Burnett, who was a very old man, had in his mind and described a building at West Point known as "Starkeans Hall," and used for masonic purposes.*

The size of the Temple is not defined, but it was about eighty feet long, by forty feet wide. It was a frame building resting upon a stone founda tion, rising above the grade of the ground about four feet to the window sills. The windows were large and about eight feet high, and the building was about fifteen feet high to the eaves, with a steep roof of shingles. The curious part of the Temple was the doorway with a cupola and flagstaff over it and two columns on the sides, as there were two columns at the entrance of the Temple of King Solomon.

General Heath in his Memoirs said it was handsomely finished with a spacious hall sufficient to contain a brigade of troops, that the vault of the ceiling was arched, and there were two rooms at each end of the hall. The materials for the building were prepared by the different regiments in obedience to orders which prescribed the quota and kinds to be furnished by each. General Gates had the general charge and issued the orders. A large force of men was employed upon the work from the first of January to the fore part of March, 1783. The building was designed for a place for divine worship, and a soldier from Wyoming named Bidlack, who assisted in the erection of the Temple and the construction of the causeway across the marsh which lay between the two lines of the cantonment, says there was religious worship in the edifice, and the splendid singing in which he took part lingered long in his memory. "I never," he said, "heard such singing in my life. Some of the officers from New England were trained singers and many of the men could sing well, and they made the Temple ring with sweet and powerful melody."

The building was also used for meetings of various kinds. It was there that General Washington called the important assemblage to consider the famous Newburgh address to the army, and there read his celebrated paper which allayed the discontent and raised the fame of Washington. A few extracts from the orders will furnish a good idea of the extent of * The picture of this old building appeared in the Magazine of American History for November, 1883, page 370.

the labor and materials employed in constructing the Temple. The situation and plan of this building was agreed upon at a meeting of officers at the headquarters of General Gates, December 26, 1782, and on the fifth day of January following an order was issued from which the following: "As it is expected that all the materials for the public building requested in the estimate sent to each regiment will be collected on the spot by Wednesday next, Colonel Tupper, of the Massachusetts line, will attend on Thursday morning to superintend the work. The quartermaster-general will, upon demands made and receipts given by Colonel Tupper, issue boards, nails or nail rods, irons and such other articles as he can conveniently supply for finishing the building. The shingles provided by the different regiments agreeable to their particular estimate, are not to be brought to the building until the time they are wanted, which will be signified in public orders." From orders of January 9: "The following non-commissioned officers and privates are to parade at Colonel Tupper's quarters in the Massachusetts line at ten o'clock to-morrow morning: One sergeant from each brigade to superintend the carpenters, two privates from each regiment who are carpenters, one private from each regiment who is a mason, three privates from each regiment to attend the masons, and one sergeant and one corporal from each wing to superintend the carpenters. The following tools are likewise to be furnished by each regiment and sent by their men to-morrow to Colonel Tupper's quarters:

From each brigade one cross-cut saw, one adze, and as many inch and inch-and-a-half augers as can conveniently be spared; the masons are also to bring their tools with them. From each regiment four spades to be brought by the masons' attendants; at 9 o'clock to-morrow morning each regiment will furnish Colonel Tupper with one non-commissioned officer and twelve privates, with two hand-sleds from each regiment to collect stones for chimneys and underpinning for the public building. They will be furnished with a gill of rum and a half ration on the spot."

From orders of January 14: "Colonel Tupper, superintendent of the public building, has this morning acquainted the General that the underpinning thereof, and a great part of the timber is on the spot framed.” January 17. "At the same time and place each regiment will deliver eighty ribs of round, straight, split cut poles, eight feet and a half long, and two and a half inches wide at the upper end."

January 21. "On Friday morning each regiment is to deliver at the frame of the public building 270 laths, split out of shingle timber. They are to be exactly four feet long, one inch thick upon one edge, and not less than one-third of an inch on the other edge, and two inches wide.