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New Statesmen.

tide and sung its praises; the flowers breathed their sweet perfume upon its bosom; the beasts THE English poet, M. F. Tupper, in alluding of the field loved to linger by its banks; the to this subject, writes thus, which may be ap- husbandman's eye always sparkled with joy as plicable to other meridians than that across the he looked upon the line of verdant beauty that marked its course through his fields and meadows-and so on it went, blessing and blessed of all!

water:

We want the good; the men of just intent,

Lovers of right who will not wink on wrong,
Men of high principle and purpose strong,
On Duty and the common welfare bent.
We want no longer, -we have had too long-
The Siren-talkers false and eloquent,

Mighty in word but paralyzed in deed;
Too long the mere adventurers, whose aim
Is self-advancement from their country's need;
Oh, party gamsters, hide yourselves for shame!
England calls for Patriots good and true,
What if plebian, so they save the State?
Men to diplomacy and office new,

Pure-hearted and unhackneyed in debate.

The Selfish Pool.

"And where was the prudent pool? Alas, in its inglorious inactivity, it grew sickly and pestilential the beasts of the field put their lips to it, but turned away without drinking; the breezes stooped and kissed it by mistake, but caught the malaria in the contact, and carried the ague through the region, and the inhabitants caught it and had to move away, and at last the very frogs cast their venom upon it and deserted it, and Heaven in mercy to man smote it with a hotter breath and dried it up.

But did not the little stream exhaust itself? Oh no! God saw to that. It emptied its full AFT illustrations are always in demand in the cup into the river, and the river bore it to the school room. The following it is believed was sea, and the sea welcomed it, and the sun smiled first used by the Rev. Mr. Willets, at a child-upon the sea, and the sea sent up its incense to ren's meeting in Boston. It is very beautiful greet the sun, and the clouds caught in their caand deserves a place in THE SCHOOLMASTER: pacious bosoms the incense from the sea, and "See that little fountain yonder - away yon- the winds, like waiting steeds, caught the charder in the distant mountain, shining like a thread iots of the clouds and bore them away-awayof silver through the thick copse, and sparkling to the very mountain that gave the little founlike a diamond in its healthful activity. It is tain birth, and there they tipped the brimming hurrying on with tinkling feet to bear its tribute cup, and poured the grateful baptism down; to the river. See, it passes a stagnant pool, and and so God saw to it, that the little fountain, the pool hails it. Whither away, master stream- though it gave so fully and so freely, never ran let? I am going to the river to bear this cup dry.” of water God has given me. Ah, you are very foolish, for that you'll need it before the sumMAZZINI has established a new "Association of mer is over. It has been a backward spring, National Unity," which has for its object to attain and we shall have a hot summer to pay for it the national unity by aiding the practical completion of Garibaldi's programme, the unity of the you will dry up then. Well, says the streamlet, if I am to die so soon, I had better work nation, with Rome as its capital; to assemble and while the day lasts. If I am likely to loose this express, by all possible means, the wishes of the country; and to promote the political and social treasure from the heat, I had better do good education of the working classes. The headquarwith it while I have it. So on it went blessing ters of the association will be for the present at and rejoicing in its course. The pool smiled Naples. Mazzini himself was at latest dates in complacently at its own superior foresight, and England.-N. Y. Tribune. husbanded all its resources, letting not a drop

-

the mind and improve the heart. The four ele

steal away. Soon the midsummer heat came IT has been beautifully and truely remarked down and it fell upon the little stream. But that "Every fly and every pebble and every flower the trees crowded to its brink and threw out are tutors in the great school of Nature, to instruct their sheltering branches over it in the day of ments are the four volumes in which all the works adversity, for it brought refreshment and life to are written. Every man has in his own life, follies them; and the sun peeped through its branches enough-in his own mind, troubles enough - in and smiled complacently upon its dimple face, the performance of his duties, deficiencies enough— and seemed to say-It is not in my heart to in his own fortune evils enough- without being harm you' - and the birds sipped its silver curious about the affairs of others."

For the Schoolmaster.
Aphorisms.---Daily Food for Teachers.

ANGER. "He submits to be seen through a microscope who is caught in a fit of passion." APOLOGIES. Persons good for apologies are commonly good for nothing else."

DIFFICULTIES. "Difficulty is like the pan

ZEAL. True zeal is a strong, steady, uniform, benevolent affection; but false zeal is a strong, desultory, boisterous, selfish passion.

The Use of English Classical Literature.

THOROUGH and accurate study of the Eng.

ther look it steadily in the face and it cowers lish language and literature would supply what and turns away." the great body of fairly educated people are EDUCATION. "Education is a companion grievously deficient in, viz: power of expression. which no misfortune can depress, no crime de- It has never, I imagine, been ascertained how stroy, no enemy alienate, no despotism enslave. large a per centage of the middle class of this At home, a friend; abroad, an introduction; country can write and speak their own mother in solitude a solace; and in society an orna- tongue with fluency and correctness. This is ment. Without it, what is man? - a splendid too delicate and subtle an inquiry for the maslave, a reasoning savage." chinery of the census; but, were such an inquiry "Don't despair of a pupil if he has one clear possible, the results would not afford much gratification. As a matter of fact, the language is idea." degenerating in the hands of professional writers; hybrid words, awkward and conventional phrases, daring anacoloutha, and extraordinary syntactical GENIUS. "Genius is nothing but labor and licenses, are continually manifesting themselves diligence. One of the strongest characteristics in the current literature of the day. Much more of genius, is the power of lighting its own fire." then must we be prepared for maltreatment of INDOLENCE. "The rust of indolence is far the Queen's English among the trading and commore destructive to soul and body than the fric-mercial classes. And we find it plentifully. To tion of even intense activity."

FRETFULNESS. "Fretfulness is a kind of anger. Anger is the artillery; fretfulness the small arms."

KNOWLEDGE. 66 Knowledge may slumber in the memory but it never dies." MIND. 66 The mind's strength and character depends upon the aliment it feeds on."

be able to tell in plain words; to make a statement simply, clearly, concisely; to record the details of business in vigorous, business-like terms-is an accomplishment that does not always appear in company with shrewd sense and sound business capacity. Now it would go far to OBEDIENCE. "Let a child's first lesson be remedy this defect if the nascent hopes of the obedience, and the second may be whatever you commercial classes were carried through a course

will."

of the strong, nervous, racy prose of the sevenPATIENCE. "The rapid who can bear the teenth century. Barrow and South may be voted slow with patience, can bear almost any injury." PROLIXITY. "Ideas overloaded with words seldom travel far or long."

REPROOF. "To give a reproof in anger, is like administering medicine scalding hot."

somewhat dry reading; but the former helped to make Chatham an orator, and the latter can boast of a style the mixed excellencies of which adapt it for the use of the rhetorician on the one hand, and the practical man of business on the other.

It is surely not necessary to seek further arguments in favor of such a reform or modification

TACT. "Talent is power; tact is skill, Talent makes a man respectable; tact makes him respected. Talent convinces; tact converts. Talent commands; tact is obeyed. Talent is of existing methods of education as shall more something; tact everything."

TEACHING. "One subtlety in a teacher will beget many sophisms in a pupil."

VIVACITY.

66

prominently and more effectually enlist in the cause the services of our national literature. If that literature embody all the excellencies for Vivacity in youth is often taken which we give it credit, if it be full of the living for genius, and solidity for dullness." power of genius, if it be a rich store-house of WISDOM. "The profoundly wise are willing thought and argument and imagery, if it breathe and anxious to learn; the superficial to teach." a manly, generous, liberal spirit, and be pervaded WORDS. "The knowledge of words is the by a pure and healthy morality, it must, if rightly gate of scholarship. The history of a word is applied, act powerfully and benignantly on the often more instructive than the history of a opening faculties of our English youth.-Maccampaign." millan's Magazine

For the Schoolmaster.
James Ferguson.---No. 1.

MESSRS. EDITORS:

first, to a degree of strength that excited my terror, as well as wonder. I recollected that he had applied his strength to that end of the lever

I have in my possession a sketch of JAMES which was farthest from the prop; and finding, FERGUSON, which I find in a number of the on inquiry, that this was the means whereby this seeming wonder was effected, I began makImperial Journal of Science, Art, &c. I suppose this article would be new, as well as truly ing levers (which I then called bars); and by interesting and useful to a great majority of applying weights to them different ways, I found your readers. I therefore send you a porthe power gained by my bar just in proportion tion for publication, should it please you, with to the lengths of the different parts of the bar on either side of the prop. I then thought it the understanding that I will send you, in convenient portions, the remainder, if acceptable. was a great pity that, by means of this bar, a weight could be raised but a very little way. On this I soon imagined that, by pulling round a wheel, the weight might be raised to any height, by tying a rope to the weight and winding the rope round the axle of the wheel; and that the power gained must be just as great as the wheel was broader than the axle was thick; and found it to be exactly so, by hanging one weight to a rope round the wheel and another

["The following account of this miracle of self-instruction was drawn up by himself a few years before his death, and is one of the most interesting specimens of autobiography in the language."]

"I was born in the year 1710, a few miles from Keith, a little village in Banffshire, in the

north of Scotland; and can with pleasure say, that my parents, though poor, were religious and honest, lived in good repute with all who knew them, and died with good characters.

"As my father had nothing to support a large family but his daily labor and the profits arising from a few acres of land which he rented, it was not to be expected that he could bestow much on the education of his children: yet they were not neglected; for, in his leisure hours, he taught them to read and write. And it was while he was teaching my elder brother to read the Scotish catechism, that I acquired my reading. Ashamed to ask my father to instruct me, I used, when he and my brother were abroad, to take the catechism and study the lesson which he had been teaching my brother; and when any difficulty occurred, I went to a neighboring old woman, who gave me such help as enabled me to read tolerably well before my father had thought of teaching me.

to the rope that coiled round the axle. So that, in these two machines, it appeared very plain, that their advantage was as great as the space gone through by the working power exceeded the space gone through by the weight. And this property I also thought must take place in a wedge for cleaving wood; but then I happened not to think of the screw. By means of a turning lathe which my father had, and sometimes used, and a little knife, I was enabled to make wheels and other things necessary for my purpose.

"I then wrote a short account of these ma

chines, and sketched out figures of them with a pen, imagining it to be the first treatise of the kind that ever was written: but found my mistake when I afterwards showed it to a gentleman, who told me that these things were known long before, and showed me a printed book in Some time after, he was agreeably surprised which they were treated of: and I was much to find me reading by myself: he therefore gave pleased when I found that my account (so far me further instruction, and also taught me to as I had carried it) agreed with the principles write; which, with about three months I after- of mechanics in the book he showed me. And wards had at the grammar school at Keith, was from that time my mind pursued a constant tendency to improve in the science.

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all the education I ever received.

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"My taste for mechanics arose from an odd But as my father could not afford to mainaccident. When about seven or eight years of tain me while I was in pursuit of these matters, age, a part of the roof of the house being de- and I was rather too young and weak for hard cayed, my father, desirous of mending it, ap- labor, he put me out to a neighbor to keep plied a prop and lever to an upright spar, to sheep, which I continued to do for some years; raise it to its former situation; and, to my great and in that time I began to study the stars in astonishment, I saw him, without considering the night. In the daytime I amused myself by the reason, lift up the ponderous roof as if it making models of mills, spinning-wheels, and had been a small weight. I attributed this, at such other things as I happened to see.

"I then went to serve a considerable farmer me whether I would not like to learn of Mr. in the neighborhood, whose name was James Cantley to make sun-dials? Mr. Cantley lookGlashan. I found him very kind and indul- ed at the copy of the map, and commended it gent: but he soon observed that, in the eve- much; telling the schoolmaster, Mr. John Skinnings, when my work was over, I went into a ner, that it was a pity I did not meet with nofield with a blanket about me, lay down on my tice and encouragement. I had a good deal of back, and stretched a thread with small beads conversation with him, and found him to be upon it, at arms-length, between my eye and quite affable and communicative; which made the stars, sliding the beads upon it till they hid me think that I should be extremely happy if 1 such and such stars from my eye, in order to could be further acquainted with him. take their apparent distances from one another; "I then proceeded with the map to the minand then, laying the thread down on paper, I ister, and showed him the copy of it. While marked the stars thereon by the beads, accord- we were conversing together, a neighboring gening to their respective positions, having a candle tleman, Thomas Grant, Esq., of Achoynaney, by me. My master at first laughed at me, but happened to come in, and the minister immediwhen I explained my meaning to him he en- ately introduced me to him, showing him what I couraged me to go on; and that I might make had done. He expressed great satisfaction, askfair copies in the day time of what I had done ed me some questions about the construction of in the night, he often worked for me himself. I maps, and told me that if I would go and live shall always have a respect for the memory of at his house, he would order his Butler, Alexander Cantly, to give me a great deal of instrucFinding that this Cantly was the man

that man.

"One day he happened to send me with a tion. message to the Rev. Mr. Gilchrist, minister at whom I had seen painting the sun-dial, and of Keith, to whom I had been known from my whom I had already conceived a very high opinchildhood. I carried my star-papers to show ion, I told squire Grant that I should rejoice to them to him, and found him looking over a be at his house as soon as the time was expired large parcel of maps, which I surveyed with for which I was engaged with my present masgreat pleasure, as they were the first I had ever ter. He very politely offered to put one in my He then told me that the earth was round place, but this I declined.

seen.

like a ball, and explained the map of it to me.

I requested him to lend me that map, to take a copy of it in the evenings. He cheerfully con

[TO BE CONTINUED.]

SCHOOLS.-The idea that the schools should

sented to this, giving me at the same time a pair be supported exclusively by those who patronof compasses, a ruler, pens, ink and paper; and ize them is false, and the sooner abandoned the dismissed me with an injunction not to neglect better. Schools are more indispensable than my master's business by copying the map, which prisons, and asylums for the deaf, blind and I might keep as long as I pleased. For this pleasant employment, my master gave me more time than I could reasonably expect; and often took the threshing-flail out of my hands and worked himself, while I sat by him in the barn, busy with my compasses, rule and pen.

insane, yet these are mountains at the public expense. Free schools benefit the man who has children and no property because he can educate his children. They benefit also the man who has property and no children, because, if his penniless neighbor's children are all educa"When I had finished the copy, I asked leave ted, his property will be in comparatively little to carry home the map; he told me I was at danger from theft; his taxes, instead of being liberty to do so, and might stay two hours to increased, will be diminished, for instead of beconverse with the minister. In my way thither ing vagrants and devouring, moth-like, the subI happened to pass by the school at which I had stance of the country, or being a public charge been before, and saw a genteel looking man, as criminals, the chance is that they will be inwhose name I afterterwards learned was Cant-dustrious producers, adding to the taxable proley, painting a sun-dial on the wall. I stopped perty of the State.-San Francisco Bookseller. a while to observe him, and the schoolmaster came out, and asked me what parcel it was that I had under my arm. I showed him the map, day, "In what respect do learned men differ and the copy I had made of it, wherewith he from the unlearned ?” "As the living from appeared to be very well pleased; and asked the dead," he answered.

ANACHARIS, the Scythian sage, was asked one

Duty of All Men to Labor for the Public
Good.

to.

its horrors, and that his wise devotion to the peaceful improvement of the country has been stimulated by the recollection of the scenes he Let us hope and trust that no

had witnessed.

In the address of Lord Brougham, on the occasion of his being installed chancellor of the Edinburgh University, we find the following vile flatterer will ever succeed in tempting him noble thoughts: to abandon his course, and that he will join all “The effect of action and reaction upon the virtuous and rational men in discountenancing historian and the multitude has been adverted the feelings which, under his predessor, were As regards the actors in the affairs of the productive of so much misery to France and to the world feelings which imposed and still world, it is not to be overlooked, and it may even afford some extenuation of their faults. impose upon all neighboring nations the heavy The multitude are, in a measure, the accomplicost of unceasing watchfulness and preparation. ces, if not the instigators, of those who for sel- "It is not enough, however, that the instrucfish objects betray their interests and work their tors of the people, and especially of youth, avoid misery or their ruin. Seduced by the spectacle propagating dangerous errors and implanting or of triumphant force, stricken with wonder at encouraging in their growth feelings hostile to at the mere exercise of great faculties with great the best interests of mankind. Their duty is to success, men withdraw their eyes from the means inculcate principles and cherish sentiments havby which the ends are attained, and lose their ing the direct tendency to promote human hapnatural hatred of wickedness in their admira-piness. Now, the wisdom of ancient times, tion of genius and their sense of power. It is though it dealt largely with the subject of our truly a disinterested admiration, for they them- passions, and generally with the nature of man selves pay the price, and their oppression, with in the abstract, never stopped to regard as worevery suffering that misgovernment can inflict, thy of consideration the rights, the comforts is the result of the cruelty which they did not and the improvements of the community at abhor, the meanness which they did not scorr large. The people were appealed to when adwhen dazzled with the false lustre shed over vantage could be taken of their prejudices, or detestable or despicable deeds by brilliant capa- their feelings could be excited for a particular city crowned with victory. Napoleon knew purpose; their advancement in knowledge and how safely he might rely on their delusion, and refinement was little regarded, and he who dehe knew that the people whom he enslaved and voted himself to render them real service was ruined were intoxicated with the glory which he viewed as going out of the ordinary path and gained and for which they so heavily paid. In seeking glory in a singular and fantastic way. one respect at least he was less to blame than Vide quæso,' says Julius Cæsar, 'ne tua divina they; he faced the danger, if he witnessed the|virtus admirationis plus sit habitura quam gloriæ ; miseries of war; while they in perfect safety si quidem gloria est illustris et pervagata multorum upheld him in his course to make their country et magnorum vel in suos, vel in patriam, vel in unprofitably powerful by the slaughter of thou- omne genus hominum fama meritorum. (Pro sands and the misery of millions. Surely a Marcello, viii.) The space was supposed immost sacred duty is imposed upon the teachers passable that separates the vulgar from the phiof mankind, whether historians who record or losopher and the statesman; they were not even reasoners who comment upon events, to exert regarded as much above the brutes which perish. all their powers for weaning them from this fa- Si ut sapientibus placet,' says Tacitus, tal delusion; to mark as their worst enemies cum corpore extinguunter magnæ animæ,' those who would cherish the feelings of mutual sounder philosophy or a purer religion have in aversion or jealousy between nations connected modern times entirely abolished all such distincby near neighborhood, which makes hostility tions; and to consult the interests and promote most pernicious, and friendly intercourse most the improvement in every way of the great body beneficial; and, above all, unceasingly to im- of the people is not only the object of all rapress upon their minds the contrast between the tional men's efforts, but the best title to public empty renown of war, with its unspeakable respect and the direct road to fame. The inhorrors, and the solid glory of peace, as real as structors of youth have devolved upon them its blessings are substantial. It is said that the the duty of directing the minds of their pupils present ruler of France returned from his suc- towards the most important purposes which cessful campaign impressed with a deep sense of their acquirements can serve to promote, the dif

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