The three periods of interstate commerce.... 364 Chief features of the first period..... 365-366 Railway extension after the war.. .373–374 Railway consolidation and other problems.375–376 Ocean cables : 379–380 Expansion of telegraph systems The spread of ocean cables.. 380-381 CHAPTER XII. 1865-1912. HISTORY OF UNITED STATES FINANCES. Conditions at the close of the war.... 395 The funding act of 1866.. 396 Contraction of the currency. 396 97 The resumption of specie payments.. .397-398 The panic of 1873..... .398-399 Changes in taxation. 400 Tariff revision .400–401 The efforts to demonetize silver. . 401-402 Further tariff revision... 402-403 The panic of 1893..... .403-405 The Gorman-Wilson and Dingley tariffs. . 405-406 Spanish-American War finances... 406 The crisis of 1907... 407 Recent modifications of banking laws...... 408 CHAPTER XIII. 1865–1912, LABOR AND ITS PROBLEMS. Peonage and padroning after the war...... 409 The rise of labor unions.. 409-411 Strikes and other labor conflicts.. .411-413 The boycott and blacklisting.... 413–414 Industrial combinations vs. competition. .414-415 Compulsory arbitration 415 Child and female labor.. 415-416 Legislative restrictions on child labor...... 416 Factory acts, workmen's compensation and .416-419 CHAPTER I. 1865-1912, HISTORY OF EDUCATION SINCE THE WAR. Establishment of the Bureau of Education. 421-422 The “ township unit .422-423 Public schools 423-424 Introduction of the kindergarten.... 424 Intermediate and high schools.. 425 Improvements in the methods of teaching. 425-426 Manual training 426 Vocational schools 426 Public high schools.. .426-427 Extension of studies.. 427 Medical inspection 428 Open-Air schools 428-429 School discipline 429-430 Evolution of the text book.. 430 Teachers' salaries and equal pay... 430-431 Normal schools and other training schools for teachers 431-432 MODERN TENDENCIES OF AMERICAN LITERATURE. PAGE .....447-449 Four representative names of the period..444–445 The democracy of recent writers. .446 447 Literary progress and retrogression... Democratization of recent literature.. ..449-450 The high average of literary technique. .450 451 The uplift movement in recent literature. 451-454 CONTENTS OF VOLUME X. PAGE Rural schools 432 Negro education .432-433 Education funds 433 Indian education 434 Private elementary, professional and indus- trial schools .... .434–435 Colleges and universities. .435-436 Indirect education .436-437 CHAPTER II. 1865–1912. THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIOUS IDEALS AND THE GROWTH OF RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. Religious revival 438–439 Materialism, rationalism and skepticism. 439-441 Relative denominational growth... .441-442 Statistics ... 442-443 C. DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNMENTAL DEPARTMENTS AND GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES IN REGULATING COM- MERCE AND INDUSTRIES. CHAPTER I. 1865–1912. THE NATIONAL LEGISLATURE, STITUTIONS. The great statesmen of the period. .......463–464 Changes in forms of legislative procedure. 464-465 Increase in executive responsibility... .465-466 Constitutions adopted since the Civil War... 475 Characteristics and tendencies in recent con- stitutions .. 475-477 Methods of enacting and amending constitu- .477 478 CHAPTER II. 1865-1912. THE NATIONAL EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS. CHAPTER V. 1865-1912. Work of the Department of Agriculture.... 467 Bureaus of the State Department.... 467-468 Additions to the Treasury Department...... 468 Attorneys-General . 468 Work of the Post-Office Department. 469 The Department of the Interior... ...469–470 The Department of Commerce and Labor.... 470 ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IN REG- ULATING COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. CHAPTER III. 1865–1912. THE JUDICIARY. Federal control of railways.. 480-482 Anti-trust legislation 482-484 The Department of Commerce and Labor., 484-486 The Post-Office .. 486 The Patent Office 486–487 The Department of the Interior... .... 487 The Treasury Department 487-488 Tariff legislation 488–491 Panama Canal 491 The Pan-American Union.. .491-492 Dollar Diplomacy 492 Waterways 492-493 Republicanization of the Supreme Court..471-472 472 Broader interpretation of the Constitu- tion ... .472-473 Chief Justices of the Court. 473 Inferior courts 473-474 PAGE STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY IN REGU- First attempts to regulate interstate com- Railroad commissions .497-498 HISTORY OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. Early opposition to water transportation. 499-500 The Erie, Panama and other canals. .500-502 CHAPTER IX. 1865-1912. CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. The nature of civil service... .511-512 Evils of the “spoils system 512-514 The civil service law of 1883. 514-515 Recent extensions of the civil service.....515-516 TREATIES WITH FOREIGN NATIONS. 517-525 PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 526 PRESIDENTIAL AND VICE-PRESIDENTIAL CANDI- DATES 527-531 PRESIDENTS OF CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 531 CABINET OFFICERS 532-535 STATE AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS ..536-553 D. POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS, 1913– 1916. CHAPTER I. 1918-1916. THE ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT WILSON. President Wilson's policies. , 555 His Cabinet 556 The Underwood tariff 557 The income tax 557 The Federal Reserve Bank. .557-558 Anti-trust acts .558-559 The Rayburn bill 559 The Federal Trade Commission. .559-560 The Clayton Anti-Trust Act.. 560 The railroad situation .560-561 Influence of the tariff. 561-562 The Tariff Board 563 Politics and parties.. 563–565 Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments..... 565 State constitutional changes 565 Woman suffrage 565–566 Liquor legislation 566-567 Immigration 568-569 Seamen and shipping. 569-570 The public business... .570-571 Abolishment of Commerce Court... 571 Impeachment of Judge Arch bald. 571 Cabinet changes .571-572 Supreme Court decisions.. 572 Affairs in Alaska 572 Debate on Philippine independence... 573 Conservation. 573 National parks .573–574 Arbitration treaties 574 Panama Canal tolls 574-575 Latin-American affairs .575-576 The Mexican civil war and the pursuit of Villa .. 576-578 American neutrality in European War...578–579 Contraband and the war zone.. .580-581 The Lusitania and other disasters. 581-582 Internal disturbances 582 The munitions and blockade questions. .582-583 Sinking of the Sussex.. 583 Wilson's demand for adjustment and Ger- many's reply 583 Preparedness . .583-584 SERIES SEVENTEEN LECTURES NINETY-THREE TO NINETY-FIVE The Era of Industrial Reorganization, 1877–1898 93. 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