practiced in the balance step, with and without gaining ground, for half an hour at least; after which the muscles of the arms and shoulders should be exercised by the club practice.

The Club Practice.

The clubs, Fig. 4, are to be placed in the pupil's hands, with their wrists turned out, and having a firm hold of the handles; the heels are to be kept close, the knees well pressed back, the weight of the body resting on the fore part of the feet, the head erect, and the body perfectly steady.

Fig. 17.

FIRST PRACTICE. One. Turn the back of the right hand to the front, raise it gradually with a straight arm in a line with the shoulder, carrying the club in a circular direction round the head, the arm extended to the front, the club resting on the right shoulder, as in Fig. 17.

Two. Turn the back of the left hand to the front, raise it gradually with a straight arm in a line with the shoulder, and carry the club in a circular direction round the head, the arm extending to the front, the club resting on the left shoulder. In this position, both hands must be kept close together, the arms straight, the body inclined forward, and the head erect.

Three. Separate the hands, and carry them backward, with the arms straight, and in a line with the shoulders, as in Fig. 20, the clubs hanging perpendicular, being held between the fore fingers and thumb; the palms of the hands upward, and the fingers straight, body well forward on the fore part of the feet, the head erect, and shoulders well pressed back.

Four. Let the arms fall gradually to the side, with the

Fig. 18.

wrists turned out, and the clubs being held with a firm grasp, as in Fig. 18.

SECOND PRACTICE. One. Bring the hands close together in front of the body, the arms straight, the thumbs in a line with the chin, and the clubs held perpendicular, as in Fig. 21; the body being well forward, and the head erect.

Two. Separate the hands, carrying them off with straight arms in a line with the shoulders, as in Fig. 20.

The same motions are to be repeated as directed for three in the first club practice.

Three. Let the ends of the clubs fall to the back of the hips, as in Fig. 22, keeping a firm grasp of the clubs, with the arms straight, the body kept forward, the head erect, and shoulders pressed well back.

Four. Let the arms fall gradually to the side, with the wrist turned out, the clubs being held firmly, as in Fig. 18.

THIRD PRACTICE. One. Carry the right hand, with the wrist well turned out, straight to the front, and circle the club round the right shoulder; then let the arms fall gradually to the side, at the word "steady."

Fig. 19.

Two. Carry the left hand, with the wrist well turned out, straight to the front, and circle the club round the left shoulder; then let the arms fall gradually to the side, at the word "steady."

Three. Carry both hands, with the wrists well turned out, straight to the front, and circle both clubs round the shoulders, swinging them independently; then, at the word "steady," let the arms fall gradually to the side.

Fig. 20. FIRST PRACTICE.

of

Fig. 21.

Wand or Pole Exercises.

The pupils are to stand at ease, as we have before directed, and when the poles are delivered to them, they are to remain in the same position, with the poles between their hands and the body. When the word "steady" is given, the poles are to be held in the center, with the thumbs turned inward, and close together.

One. Slide the hands smartly up the pole to the top, which is to be grasped firmly; then dart the hands straight to the front, with straight arms, the thumbs close together and uppermost; the knuckles to the front, as in Fig. 23.

Two. Throw the hands well back, the same as directed for dumb-bell practice, (First Practice, "Three,") keeping the knuckles to the front.

Repeat these motions from two to one, and from one to two.

Three. Slide the hands down the pole to its center, and resume the position you had before the word "one" was given.

SECOND PRACTICE. Attention. When this word is given, the heels are to be brought in a line, and the pole brought across the front of the thighs, at the full extent of the arms, the same as in the backboard exercise, Fig. 15.

One. Raise the right hand until it is above the center of the head, and move the left hand from left toward the right, until it is under the other hand, and the pole held quite

perpendicular, as in Fig. 25; the back of the left hand being toward the teacher, and the back of the right hand toward the body.

Two. Reverse the last exercise, by raising the left hand first.

These motions are to be repeated from two to one, and from one to two.

THIRD PRACTICE.

One. Raise the pole gradually from the position of attention, to above the head, as in the long backboard exercise, Fig. 15.

Two. Lower the pole from the position "one," the arms being contracted, until it is brought across the back part of the thighs at the full extent of the arms, as in Fig. 26; the thumbs being at the back, the little finger in front, and the palms of the hands upward. Repeat the exercise from two to one, and from one to two.

FOURTH PRACTICE. The first word given is attention, when the pupil is to come smartly into this position, as in the backboard exercise, Fig. 16.

One. Reverse the hands one at a time, beginning with the right hand, so as to bring the tops of the fingers in front,

Fig, 22,

and looking upward, the knuckles to the

rear, and the thumbs crossing the fore and middle fingers; the body well forward on the fore part of the feet, the head erect, and shoulders well pressed back.

Two. Raise the right hand smartly, until it comes in a line with the chin; keep the left arm straight, and hand steady, and the body in the same position as the last.

Three. Reverse the last exercise, by raising the left hand, and keeping the right arm straight, and hand steady.

Repeat the exercise from three to two, from two to one, and

from one to two, and from two to three, first slowly, and then rapidly.

Walking.

Position. In walking, the arms should hang close to the body, the elbows turned in and close to the side; the hands rather open to the front, and the little finger lightly touching the dress; the chest advanced, but without constraint; the body upright but inclined a little forward, so that the weight of it may principally bear on the fore part of the feet; the head to be erect, and the eyes straight to the front.

The arms should not be allowed to swing about like a pendulum; the movement of the leg and thigh must spring from the hip, and be free and natural. The foot should be raised high enough to clear the ground without grazing it, carried straight to the front, and without being drawn back, placed softly on the ground on the fore part or ball of the great toe, and the heel allowed to come gradually to the ground, so as not to jerk or shake the body in the slightest degree.

The Elastic Cord Exercises.

These exercises are performed nearly the same as part of the club and backboard exercises, but are arranged as follows: Attention. The heels will be brought in

Fig. 23.

a line, the handles of the elastic cord are to be firmly grasped with the hands, and the cord brought across in front of the thighs, to the full extent of the arms, the back of the hand being outward, the thumb and fore finger to the front, and the little finger to the rear.

One. Dart the hands straight to the front, with straight arms, the thumbs