array, comprising horse, foot, and artillery. But by virtue of innate warlike passion-the gift, it would seem, of high Heaven to chosen races of men the mere half of a hundred, carried straight by a resolute leader, were borne on against the strength of the thousands. The few in their pride claimed dominion. Rushing clear of the havoc just wrought, and with Cardigan still untouched at their head, they drove thundering into the smoke which infolded both the front of the battery and the masses of horsemen behind it.

Lord Cardigan and his first line, still descending at speed on their goal, had rived their way dimly thro h the outer folds of the cloud, which lay piled up in front of the battery; but then there came the swift moment when, through what remained of the dimness, men at last saw the brass cannons gleaming with their muzzles toward the chests of our horses; and visibly the Russian artillerymen - unappalled by the tramp and the aspect of squadrons driving down through the smoke-were as yet standing fast to their guns.

By the material obstacle which they offer to the onset of horsemen, field-pieces in action, with their attendant limber-carriages and tumbrils behind them, add so sure a cause of frustration to the peril that there is in riding at the mouths of the guns, that upon the whole the expedient of attacking a battery in front has been forbidden to cavalry leaders by a recognized maxim of war. But the huge misconception of orders which had sent the brigade down this valley was yet to be fulfilled to its utmost conclusion; and the condition of things had now come to be such that whatever might be the madness (in general) of charging a battery in front, there by this time was no choice of measures. By far the greater part of the harm which the guns could inflict had already been suffered; and I believe that the idea of stopping short on the verge of the battery did not even present itself for a moment to the mind of the leader.

Lord Cardigan moved down at a pace which he has estimated at seventeen miles an hour, and already he had come to within some two or three horses'-lengths of the mouth of one of the guns, a gun believed to have been a twelve-pounder; but then the piece was discharged, and its torrent of flame seemed to gush in the direction of his chestnut's off fore-arm. The horse was so governed by the impetus he had gathered, and by the hand and the heel of his rider, as to be able to shy only a little at the blaze and the roar of the gun; but Lord Cardigan

being presently inwrapped in the new column of smoke now all at once piled up around him, some imagined him slain. He had not been struck. In the next moment, and being still some two horses'-lengths in advance of his squadrons, he attained to the long-sought battery, and shot in between two of its guns.

There was a portion of the 17th Lancers on our extreme left which outflanked the line of the guns, but with this exception the whole of Lord Cardigan's first line descended on the front of the battery: and as their leader had just done before them, so now our horsemen drove in between the guns; and some then at the instant tore on to assail the gray squadrons drawn up in rear of the tumbrils. Others stopped to fight in the battery, and sought to make prize of the guns. After a long and disastrous advance against clouds and invisible foes, they grasped, as it were, at reality. What before had been engines of havoc dimly seen, or only inferred from the jets of their fire and their smoke, were now burnished pieces of cannon with the brightness and the hue of red gold, cannon still in battery, still hot with the slaughter of their comrades.

VOL. XIII. — 8

CHARLES KINGSLEY.

CHARLES KINGSLEY, an eminent English clergyman, philanthropist, poet, and novelist, born at Holne, Devonshire, June 12, 1819; died at Eversley, Hampshire, Jan. 23, 1875. He took his degree at Magdalen College, Cambridge, in 1842, and two years afterward was presented to the living of Eversley in Hampshire. His literary career began with the publication of "The Saint's Tragedy" (1848), a drama in verse on the story of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary. This was followed by a series of novels that caught the attention of the best readers: the first being "Alton Locke, Tailor and Poet," which led to the establishment of coöperative associations in England, and contained the author's views as a Christian socialist, as did also "Yeast." Hypatia" described pagan and Christian life in Alexandria early in the fifth century. "Westward Ho!" narrated the adventures in the New World of Sir Amyas Leigh, with Sir Walter Raleigh, Drake, Hawkins, etc., as fellow characters. "The Water Babies" was a fairy tale enjoyed by readers of all ages. Of his verse, "Poems," chiefly lyric, appeared in 1856, again in 1875, and "Andromeda and Other Poems" in 1858. "Lectures delivered in America" (1875) contained addresses given during his visit to the United States in 1874. His controversy with John Henry (afterward Cardinal) Newman, in 1864, led to the latter publishing his celebrated "Apologia pro Vita Sua." Mr. Kingsley became professor of modern history at Cambridge in 1859, chaplain to the Queen in 1860, canon of Westminster in 1873. His publications number about thirty-five. Besides several volumes of "Sermons," his principal works are "The Saint's Tragedy" (1848); "Alton Locke, Tailor and Poet" (1849); "Yeast, a Problem" (1851); "Hypatia, or New Foes with an Old Face" (1853); "Alexandria and Her Schools" (1854); "Westward Ho!" (1855); "The Heroes, or Greek Fairy Tales" (1856); "Sir Walter Raleigh and His Times" (1859); "The Water Babies" (1863); "Hereward, the Last of the English" (1866); "How and Why" (1869); "A Christmas in the West Indies" (1871); "Prose Idyls" (1873); and "Health and Education" (1874).

Kingsley took a deep interest in the labor question and the welfare of workingmen, and assisted in forming coöperative associations for the betterment of the condition of the working class.