Enumeration of the hot springs of India and High Asia.

By ROBERT DE SCHLAGINTWEIT, Esq.

A memoir by Dr. John Macpherson, "The Mineral waters of India, with some hints on Spas and Sanatoria," Calcutta, 1854, which was published originally in the "Indian Annals of Medical Science" has been very valuable for the present compilation. Dr. Macpherson includes in his memoir, hot springs as well as mineral ones; I have, however, restricted myself to the enumeration of hot springs only, viz. of those, the temperature of which considerably exceeds the temperature of the air at the spot of their origin. I have, therefore, excluded every spring, which, though it may contain mineral ingredients, yet shows a temperature scarcely differing from that of other sweet springs in its neighbourhood. Petroleum wells are not contained in the present list, which comprises the hot springs between 81° to 36° Latitude North, and 67° to 883 Longitude East Green., Ceylon being excluded, as well as the Indo-Chinese peninsula (Tenasserim, Burmah, &c.)

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=

=

=

To each locality, where a hot spring exists, the province is added, in which it is situated; of the abbreviations, which follow next, and which are contained in brackets, Ind. signifies "India; Him. Himálaya; Tib. Tíbet; C. As. Central Asia." "Un." means unknown; ab. about. The geographical co-ordinates,-latitude, longitude, and height (Eng. feet) above the sea-level,-given almost for every locality, are taken from Vol. II. "Hypsometry of India and High Asia," of our "Results of a Scientific Mission to India and High Asia." The longitudes are referred to the Madras Observatory, for which we adopt 80° 13′ 56′′ Long. East Green.

With few exceptions, there are several springs existing at every one of the different localities; the temperatures given refer to the hottest of the springs at the respective locality.

44

Dr. Macpherson alludes in his memoir to the difficulties he experienced in verifying the localities of the hot and mineral springs which in many instances, owing to strange transmutations of names were so great, that I cannot hope to have escaped mistakes." These are, however, very few in number, and they are noticed by me in the

An extract has also appeared in this Journal, Vol. XXV. p. 197.

H

last column of the table, headed "Authorities and Remarks." In this column I have also added in chronological order the various describers of the respective springs, and the books and pamphlets in which their accounts have been published.

For the sake of comparison I add the temperatures of some of the most famous hot springs of Europe. These dates are taken from the "Einleitung in die Mineralquellen Lehre," by Dr. B. M. Lersch, Erlangen, 1855-60.

Alphabetical List of the hot springs of India and High Asia.

* Remarks for the transcription of the names: vowels and diphthongs as in Italian and German; á u in "but;" a = an in the French "gànt." Consonants sound as in English. The sign' marks the syllable to be accentuated.

"

Un.

75 52

320

Un.

78 29

9,793

192.6

Brander "Transact. Mod. Phys. Soc." Calcutta, Vol. IV., p. 382. This is Macpherson's "Uteer, 30 miles from

Poorie,"

Macpherson, "The Mineral waters of India," p. 8.

Hodgson, As. Res., Vol. XIV., p. 147; Jacquemont,
"Voyage dans l' Inde," Journal, Vol. II., p. 89; Messrs.
de Schlagintweit.

19 55 78 52
30 57 78 27
35 40 77 56
34 1 76 59
34 14 78 34 ab.14,000
26 16 67 54 150
1,250

Messrs. de Schlagintweit.

Messrs. de Schlagintweit.

* I was unable to procure this Journal.