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miles distant. The loyal citizens tore down the secession flags on the arrival of the Federal troops. Gen. Grant took possession of the telegraph office, railroad depot, and the marine hospital. He found large quantities of complete rations, leather, etc., for the Southern

army.

He issued a proclamation saying that he came solely for the purpose of defending the State from aggression, and to enable the State laws to be executed.

On the 11th of September, the Assembly of the Legislature adopted a resolution directing the Governor to issue a proclamation ordering the Confederate troops to evacuate Kentucky soil. The vote was seventy-one against twentysix. The House refused to suspend the rules to allow another resolution to be offered ordering the proclamation to be issued to both Federals and Confederates.

This resolution was subsequently passed by the Senate, and vetoed by the Governor. It was then passed, notwithstanding the Governor's objections, by a vote in the House of 68 to 26, and in the Senate of 25 to 9. The Governor then issued his proclamation as follows: In obedience to the subjoined resolution, adopted by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, the Government of the Confederate States, the State of Tennessee, and all others concerned, are hereby informed that "Kentucky expects the Confederate or Tennessee troops to be withdrawn from her soil unconditionally."

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my name, and caused the seal of the Commonwealth to be af fixed. Done at Frankfort this the 13th day of September, A. D. 1861, and in the seventieth year of the B. MAGOFFIN.

Commonwealth.

By the Governor:

THOS. B. MONROE, Jr., Secretary of State. Resolved, by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, That his excellency Governor Magoffin be, and he is hereby instructed to inform those concerned that Kentucky expects the Confederate or Tennessee troops to be withdrawn from her soil unconditionally.

Preparations were now commenced for different military movements.

While Gen. Polk was thus invading the State on the west, Gen. Zollicoffer was operating on the east. With about four thousand men he came to Cumberland Ford, which is situated near the point where the corner of Virginia runs into Kentucky, and captured a company of Home Guards. On the 17th, the Legislature received a message from Governor Magoffin Communicating a telegraphic despatch from Gen. Zollicoffer, announcing that the safety of Tennessee demanded the occupation of Cumberland, and the three long mountains in Kentucky, and that he had done so, and should retain his position until the Union forces were withdrawn, and the Union camp broken up.

Col. Crittenden, of Indiana, who was the first to bring a regiment from another State into Western Virginia in aid of the Federal Government, was also the first to go to the aid of Kentucky: His regiment, well armed, passed

through Louisville on the 20th of Sept., toward the Nashville depot, and were enthusiastically received. At the same time Gen. Buckner, once the Inspector-General of Kentucky, but afterwards a Brigadier in the Southern service, advanced on Elizabethtown, the capital of Hardin County, and on the railroad from Louisville to Nashville. Troops were now rapidly concentrated in the State, and despatched to points invaded by the Confederates.

Gov. Magoffin issued a proclamation, directing Gen. Thomas L. Crittenden to call out the State troops to resist the invasion of the State, and Gen. C. accordingly called out the militia. Hamilton Pope, Brigadier-General of the Home Guards, also called upon the people in each ward in Louisville to organize themselves into companies for the protection of the city.

Thus was Kentucky launched with her whole soul into the bloody contest for the maintenance of the Government and the preservation of the Union.

On the 23d the House passed a bill authorizing the Military Board to borrow one million dollars, in addition to a million authorized May 24th, on the State bonds, payable in ten years, terest. The above sum was to be appropriated and established a tax to pay the bonds and into the defence of the State.

On the next day a bill was passed calling out 40,000 volunteers for service from one to three. years. The votes were, in the House, 67 to 13, and in the Senate 21 to 5. The Senate also passed a bill providing that Kentuckians who voluntarily joined the Confederate force invading the State, should be incapable of taking estate in Kentucky by devise, bequest, division, or distribution, unless they returned to their allegiance within sixty days, or escaped from the invaders as soon as possible.

A bill was also passed tendering the thanks of the Legislature to Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana, for having so promptly forwarded troops to aid in repelling the invasion of the State; and the Governor was instructed to communicate the

same.

The Bank of Kentucky promised her quota of the $2,000,000 for the defence of the State. The Bank of Louisville, whose quota was nearly $100,000, promised $200,000. The Northern Bank promised $25,000 more than her quota; and the Farmers' Bank promptly responded to her quota.

The military operations in the State, though marked by no great achievement during 1861, were nevertheless the forerunner of very important results. Civil, commercial, and agricultural pursuits had engrossed the entire attention of the people. In a military point of view the State, like nearly all her sister States, was entirely defenceless. Men, arms, ammunition, were abundant, but an organized, drilled, and completely-equipped force, ready to take the field and go into active service on a day's notice, could not be expected to exist. Notwithstanding the position of neutrality, after President

Lincoln's proclamation, imperfect organizations were formed, under the name of Home Guards. Their object was to drill novices, and impart the preliminary information needed for the future soldiers. These embraced considerable numbers, and finally formed the chief portion of the force obtained by the secessionists in the State. Large numbers also left the State, and volunteered in the Federal and Confederate armies.

The first appearance of a military force within Kentucky was made under Gen. Polk, commander of Confederate troops from Tennessee, as has been previously stated. They commenced fortifying Hickman and Columbus. The former is situated in the western part of the State, near the Tennessee line, and the latter about twentyfive miles north. Its position is on the southern slope of a high bluff of the Mississippi bank, which commands the stream for about five miles. Wolf's Island is in the centre of the river in its immediate vicinity. The place was occupied on the 4th of September by Gen. Polk's troops. This closed the navigation of the Mississippi to the steamboats belonging to the States above. The fortifications were pushed to such an extent as to render it one of the strongest points held by the Confederate troops. Three one hundred and twenty-eight pounders were placed in such a position as to command the river from the highest part of the bluff, being seventy-five feet above the water. Above on the river was another battery of fourteen guns, most of which were rifled.

On the northern slope of the bluff were two light batteries and a rifle-pit, one mile in length, which were designed specially to protect the place against a land attack from the north, while on the summit of the hills was a strongly-intrenched work, commanding all directions, and manned by eight cannon.

On the south side, and to protect the town from a rear attack, was a small battery of eight guns. The whole number of guns has been estimated at between eighty and a hundred. In addition, there was a floating battery of twenty guns capable of being moved to the most exposed points.

About the same time Gen. Grant, as before stated, commander of the Federal force at Cairo, took possession of Paducah, on the Ohio River. The distance between the two positions is fortyseven miles. It is below the mouth of the Tennessee River, and 340 miles below Louisville. The town was occupied about eight o'clock on the morning of September 6. The 9th Illinois regiment, Major Phelps, the 12th Illinois, Col. McArthur, with four pieces of artillery, left Cairo for Paducah on the previous evening. Upon their arrival the disembarkation was quickly performed. Every place of business was closed.

At the railroad depot it appeared that all the rolling stock had been sent off. A large quantity of contraband supplies, marked for towns in the insurrectionary States, was found in the

depot, and immediately seized. They were marked for Fort Gibson, Memphis, Union City, and New Orleans. The whole value of the seizure was over twenty thousand dollars. On the next day, part of the 8th regiment, the 41st Illinois, and the American Zouaves from Cape Girardeau, poured in, increasing the force to about 5,000 effective men. Gen. Polk, it was supposed, intended to seize Paducah, but was barely anticipated by Gen. Grant. It was necessary for the former as a defence for the rear of his positions on the Mississippi. He advanced as far as Mayfield two or three times with a large force, but his prudence caused him to retreat.

In the southeastern part of the State, Gen. Zollicoffer advanced from Tennessee with a considerable force, and on the 18th of September a slight skirmish took place at Barboursville between some of his men and a portion of Home Guards, but without any serious results on either side. The Confederate cavalry scoured the country in the vicinity of their camp, arrested prominent Union men, and destroyed their property. They also occupied the small towns in the vicinity. Subsequently, a portion of the same force entered Manchester, in Clay County, in the vicinity of the Cumberland Mountains. On the 1st of October a retreat was commenced toward Barboursville, which was continued to the Cumberland Ford. This is fifteen miles within the limits of Kentucky, and was fortified by Gen. Zollicoffer; meanwhile, his advance was pushed to London, and the country ravaged. The saltworks in this region were an important possession to the Confederate force. In their rear was also the Cumberland Gap-a most important point-from which the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, forty miles below, would be accessible to a Federal force. This railroad was one of the main lines for the transportation of supplies to the troops in Virginia. During this period, a Federal force of Ohio and Indiana troops, with some Kentucky volunteers, were advancing to hold the enemy in check, and, if able, to route them. This force was under the command of Gen. Schoepf. The first affair of any importance took place at a place called Camp Wildcat, on the 21st of Oct. About eleven o'clock in the forenoon, a body of rebel troops, consisting of two regiments of Tennessee volunteers, under Cols. Newman and Bowler, advanced upon four companies of the 33d Indiana regiment, Col. Coburn, and a portion of Col. Woodford's regiment of Kentucky cavalry. The Confederate force opened upon the 33d Indiana on the left wing with cannon, and almost simultaneously their column appeared on the side of the hill, within sixty or seventy yards of the Indiana troops. A charge was ordered upon the latter, which was met with such a galling fire as brought the Tennesseeans to a stand, when a charge by the Kentucky cavalry was made upon them, and they retired with severe loss. At one P. M. another attack was

made at another point, and at a late hour a third attack made by Gen. Zollicoffer. It was supposed that the camp was defended only by a small force under Col. Garrard. The attack ing force consisted of Mississippians, Georgians, and Tenesseeans. The opposing force was under Gen. Schopf, consisting of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky troops. The Confederates were generally armed with flint-lock muskets and altered locks, buckshot guns, and navy-revolvers. The Federal force carried the Minié rifle. Reënforcements were added to each force during the day, and the different attacks were probably made after they were received by the Confederate commander. The enemy were repulsed with severe loss, and retired to Barboursville. The small Federal force in Eastern Kentucky was under the command of Gen. Nelson, a Lieutenant in the Navy, who had been detached from his naval duties and sent to Kentucky, of which State he was a native, and well known to her citizens. Being furnished with arms by the Federal Government, he collected and organized a force in the eastern part of the State, near Virginia. With these he advanced, and on the 2d of November occupied Prestonburg without any resistance. The enemy fell back about six miles.

His next movement was on Pikeville, near which a Confederate force under Gen. Williams had taken position. Pikeville is the capital of Pike County, on the west fork of the Big Sandy River. On the forenoon of the 7th he despatched a force, under Col. Sill, of one regiment of infantry with a light battalion of three companies, and two companies of Kentucky volunteers mounted from the teams, and a section of artillery, to march by the way of John's Creek, and pass to the left of Pikeville, where was the enemy's position-a distance of about forty miles and turn or cut them off. On the 8th, at 5 A. M., Gen. Nelson moved forward with three Ohio regiments, a battalion of Kentucky volunteers, and two sections of artillery, and took the State road direct to Pikeville, distant twenty-eight miles. Eight miles from Prestonburg they met a picket of about forty cavalry, which escaped. At 1 P. M., the cavalry had advanced along the narrow defile of the mountain that ends at Ivy Creek. This mountain is the highest along the river, very precipitous, and thickly covered with brush and undergrowth, and the road, which is but seven feet wide, is cut along the side of it, about twentyfive feet above the river, which is close under the road. The ridge descends in a rapid curve and very sharp to the creek, or rather gorge, where it makes a complete elbow. Behind this ridge, and along the mountain side, the enemy, seven hundred strong, lay in ambush, and did not fire until the head of the Kentucky battalion, Col. C. A. Marshall, was up to the elbow. Four were instantly killed and thirteen wounded, and the Kentuckians were ordered to charge. Col. Harris led his 2d Ohio regiment up the mountain side with much gallantry, and deployed

them along its face. Col. Norton, who had just reached the defile, led his 21st Ohio regiment up the northern ridge of the mountain, deployed them along the creek, and made an attack. Two pieces of artillery were got in position on the road, and opened on the enemy. In an hour and twenty minutes the rebel force dispersed and fled, leaving a number killed and wounded, of whom thirty were found dead on the field. The Federal loss was six killed and twenty-four wounded. In their retreat they obstructed the road by felling trees and burning or cutting all the bridges.

On the morning of the 10th Gen. Nelson reached Pikeville, where Col. Sill had arrived, according to orders, on the previous day, having twice encountered mounted men. The result of these movements was so effectual, that, on the 10th, Gen. Nelson issued the following proclamation:

SOLDIERS-I thank you for what you have done. In a campaign of twenty days you have driven the rebels from Eastern Kentucky, and given repose to forced marches over wretched roads, deep in mud. that portion of the State. You have made continual Badly clad, you have bivouacked on the wet ground, in the November rain, without a murmur. With scarcely half rations, you have pressed forward with unfailing perseverance. The only place that the strong, you drove him from, in the most brilliant enemy made a stand, though ambushed and very style. For your constancy and courage I thank you, and with the qualities which you have shown that you possess, I expect great things from you in future.

Thus closed the campaign in Eastern Kentucky. In the central part of the State the military movements were more extensive. Louisville, the headquarters of the Union Department, is situated on the Ohio River, on the northern boundary of the State, and connected by river and railroad with all the Northern States, and by railroad with the localities of active operations near the borders of Central Tennessee. The level land on which the city is located, extends uninterruptedly south to Rolling Fork River, a stream two hundred feet in width and three feet deep. Crossing by bridge or a ford, a good road leads through a level country for two miles to a series of rugged hills, known as Muldraugh's Hills. The railroad follows a stream called Clear Creek, crossing it about half way up the ascent by a tresselwork ninety feet high, and two miles further south enters at its base Tunnel Hill. It emerges on a smooth level plain, which extends many miles south to Green River. Elizabethtown is four miles from Tunnel Hill and forty-two miles from Louisville. Nolin Creek is the first stream of any importance south of Elizabethtown, and fifty-three miles from Louisville. Munfordsville is on the right bank of Green River, and seventy-two miles from Louisville. Green River empties into the Ohio, and is navigable by steamboats most of the year. The railroad crosses it by an extensive bridge. Bowling Green is on the railroad, one hundred and fourteen miles from Louisville and seventy-one miles from Nashville. It is also at the head

of navigation on Barren River, which flows into Green River thirty miles below. A branch railroad to Memphis commences here; the distance by which to Clarksville, on the Cumberland River, is sixty-two miles, and from thence to Memphis one hundred and fifty-seven miles. The importance of Bowling Green is manifest from its position at the junction of two roads leading into Tennessee, furnishing great facilities for transportation. The entrance of hostile forces into the western part of the State, in September, produced great excitement at Louisville. Union Home Guards began to assemble, and other Union troops began to arrive from Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. On the 18th of September a body of the latter advanced to Rolling Fork, where they found the bridge had been destroyed by a hostile force under Gen. Buckner, formerly commander of the State Guard. This force was then five miles below, on Muldraugh's Hills, but subsequently withdrew to Elizabethtown. At this time Gen. Anderson, formerly in command at Fort Sumter, was ordered to the Department of Kentucky, but was soon compelled to resign his command, in consequence of ill health, and was succeeded by Gen. W. T. Sherman, who for the same reason retired, and was succeeded by Gen. Buell.

As early as the 10th of October, a very considerable Federal force was in Camp Dick Robinson, in Garrard County, which was daily becoming more formidable. At the same time the Confederate General Buckner, who had boasted of an intention to spend the winter in Louisville with his troops, began to retire to Bowling Green, and on the 13th a portion of the iron bridge over the Green River was blown up. Friends in Louisville and throughout the State had given him strong assurances that if he would come to Louisville, or even to Bowling Green, at the head of a force capable of maintaining its position for a short time, reenforcements would immediately pour in by thousands, rendering his army too powerful to be resisted. Unquestionably he came with the full conviction that these assurances would be verified, but he found them all falsified. There was reason to believe that not more than a thousand men joined him.

Accumulations of Federal troops from the States north of the Ohio River, with stores for a vast army, were made during the month of November. On the part of the South the same course was pursued. On the 1st of December, the Federal troops in the State were estimated at 70,000, of which there were 9 regiments from Illinois, 16 from Indiana, 17 from Ohio, 3 from Pennsylvania, 1 from Michigan, 3 from Wisconsin, and two from Minnesota, and at least 25,000 of her own soldiers.

This vast force was looking to Nashville and the State of Tennessee; to withstand it, there was the force of Gen Buckner, estimated at 30,000 men. No affair of importance occurred between these hostile troops during the year, except at Munfordsville. The precise position was on the south bank of the Green River,

near the iron bridge of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. This bridge had been partially destroyed by the rebel troops, to prevent the passage of the Federal force, but a temporary structure had been thrown over the river. Four companies of the 32d Indiana regiment, under command of the lieut.-colonel, had crossed, and were advanced as pickets in squads of eight or ten upon an open meadow at the distance of about one hundred yards from the river bank. At the Munfordsville depot there was a battery of three guns, and another of an equal number about a mile distant, in a southerly direction. A belt of timber skirted the position of the Indiana companies.

Some Confederate soldiers being espied in the wood, two companies were ordered to advance and effect their dislodgement. They retreated half a mile to their main body without firing a shot, and the two companies advanced stealthily as skirmishers. A body of cavalry, consisting of Texan rangers, then made a dash upon the companies, who returned the fire from their shot-guns with a galling effect. When the batteries opened, the Indianians, who reached the wood under cover of the trees, did fearful execution in the ranks of the cavalry.

The rangers fled, leaving their dead upon the field, including the body of Col. Terry, who was killed by a musket-ball. His body was sent back afterwards under a flag of truce.

The enemy's loss was considerable. There were found upon the field sixty-three dead bodies, and the bodies of twelve or fourteen horses. In addition, a large number are known to have been wounded. The Federal loss was thirteen killed and an equal number wounded.

Two regiments of Federal troops, the 36th Indiana and the 16th Ohio, came promptly up to the relief of the four companies from the 32d Indiana, but the fight was not renewed.

The hopes of the Richmond Government that Kentucky would join the Confederacy, were extremely sanguine. Indeed so confident were the friends of the Government of her ultimate secession that a Convention was called by them to organize the forms of that movement. It met at Russellville about the 27th of November, and was in session during three days.

It passed a Declaration of Independence and an Ordinance of Secession. A Provisional Government, consisting of a Governor, Legislative Council of ten, a Treasurer, and an Auditor, was agreed upon. George W. Johnson, of Scott, was made Governor.

The Commissioners to Richmond were H. C. Burnett, W. E. Simms, and Wm. Preston. All executive and legislative powers were vested in the Governor and Council. Acts to be done by the Provisional Government required the concurrence of a majority of its members; the Council were authorized to fill vacancies, but no councilman should be made Governor to fill a vacancy. The old Constitution and laws of Kentucky were declared in force, except where inconsistent with the acts of the Confederate

Government. Bowling Green was fixed as the new capital. Fifty-one counties were said to be represented in the Convention by over two

hundred members not elected by the people. Ex-Vice-President Breckinridge and others about this time joined the Southern forces.

CHAPTER XI.

Attack on Wilson's Regiment-Bombardment of Fort Pickens-Burning of Warrenton-Attack on the Federal fleet at the mouths of the Mississippi-Repulse at Ball's Bluff-Expedition against Port Royal: its success-Resignation of Lieut.Gen. Scott-Battle at Belmont-Capture of Messrs. Mason and Slidell-Occupation of Accomac and Northampton Counties, Va-The Stone Blockade of Charleston-Affair at Drainesville-Treatment of Slaves-Exchange of Prisoners-Plaas of the Government.

SOME operations, too important to be overlooked, but forming no part of a military plan of campaign, arose out of the general situation of the combatants with respect to each other. They indicated an active state of hostilities, and resulted in advantage or loss to each side.

At Pensacola Bay, hostile movements were early commenced as has already been stated. This fine bay is located in the northwest corner of Florida, and at the mouth of the Escambia River. On the east side of the entrance, and on the extremity of Santa Rosa Island, is Fort Pickens. Nearly opposite, being a little further outward or seaward, is Fort McRea. Facing the entrance, on the farther side of the bay, is Fort Barrancas, and nearly one mile to the eastward, along the shore, is the navy yard. On the secession of Florida the Barrancas was abandoned, its guns spiked, and its munitions removed by Commandant Armstrong, of the navy; and on the 12th of Jannary this fort and navy yard were occupied by Florida and Alabama troops. The commandant had a force of about sixty men, and the opposing force consisted of nearly five hundred and fifty. Ultimately all the military positions came into the possession of the Southern troops, except Fort Pickens. They immediately mounted at the navy yard four Dahlgren long 32s, and at Fort Barrancas twenty-five 32s; at Fort McRea were four columbiads and a large number of heavy guns. This work was carried on until the guns were all mounted, additional batteries erected along the shore, and every thing made ready to attack Fort Pickens, or to resist any attack which might be made.

Lieut. A. J. Slemmer, who had been in command of the little Federal force in charge of the forts, took possession of Fort Pickens on the first indication of any thing like an attempt to seize it. It was the strongest and most important of all the fortifications of the bay. In this position he remained securely until relieved of his command. When the Federal Government determined to relieve Fort Sumter, it also resolved to reenforce Fort Pickens, and immediate arrangements were made for that purpose.

On the 7th of April, the steamer Atlantic sailed from New York with 450 troops on board, including two companies of light artillery, and a company of sappers and miners, under command of Col. Harvey Brown, together with 69 horses and a large quantity of munitions of war and supplies. On the 13th she reached Key West, and took on board more troops and ordnance, etc., and arrived at Pensacola on the 16th, in the afternoon. With the assistance of the boats of the squadron then there, the larger portion of the officers and men were landed, and entered Fort Pickens before midnight. Between that time and the 23d the remaining troops, stores, etc., were all safely landed. Before the arrival of the Atlantic, and on the night of the 12th of April, reenforcements, consisting of one company of artillery, being 86 men and 115 marines, were sent to the fort. The old garrison consisted of 82 men and with this addition amounted to 288 men. The arrival of the Atlantic increased the number, and the steamer Illinois followed, until the garrison amounted to about 880 men.

Meantime, farther reënforcements were sent out, and a large amount of stores, while quite a fleet of vessels were stationed outside in the Gulf. The first volunteer troops sent, consisted of a New York regiment, under Col. William Wilson. This regiment encamped on the island near the fort. No serious conflict, however, took place, although the hostile forces were within a short distance of each other. Some daring exploits were performed by Federal troops, one of which, under Lieut. Russel's command, is thus described by a Confederate officer: "The enemy executed, last night, the most brilliant and daring act which has yet marked the history of the war. For some time past they have exhibited unmistakable indications of eagerness for a fight, and have grown more and more audacious. First they fired on one of our schooners. Next they burned the dry dock, and last night, September 13th, they made a most daring and reckless raid upon the navy yard. About three o'clock in the morning, five launches, containing about thirty men each, pulled across from Santa Rosa Island to the navy yard, a distance of about two miles.

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