This done, each officer and man will be allowed to return to their homes, not to be disturbed by United States authority so long as they observe their parole and the laws in force where they may reside. Very respectfully,

U. S. GRANT, Lieut.-Gen.

THE SURRENDER.

HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA,
April 9, 1865.

Lieut.-Gen. U. S. Grant, Commd'g U. S. Armies: GENERAL:-I have received your letter of this date, containing the terms of surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, as proposed by you; as they are substantially the same as those expressed in your letter of the 8th instant, they are accepted. I will proceed to designate the proper officers to carry the stipulations into effect.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. E. LEE, General.

At 3 P. M. the terms of capitulation were signed, and the utmost gratification prevailed through the army. The following is the form of the personal parole given by all the officers of Gen. Lee's army:

We, the undersigned, prisoners of war, belonging to the army of Northern Virginia, having been this day surrendered by Gen. R. E. Lee, commanding said army, to Lieut.-Gen. Grant, commanding the Armies of the United States, do hereby give our solemn parole of honor that we will not hereafter serve in the armies of the Confederate States, or in any military capacity whatever against the United States of America, or render aid to the enemies of the latter until properly exchanged in such manner as shall be mutually approved by the respective au

thorities.

Done at Appomattox Court House, Va., this ninth day of April, 1865.

This parole was countersigned as follows: The above officers (or officer) will not be disturbed by the United States authorities as long as they observe their parole, and the laws in force where they may reside. GEORGE H. SHARP,

General Assistant Provost Marshal.

The obligation of officers for the subdivisions

under their command was as follows:

I, the undersigned, commanding officer of do, for the within named prisoners of war, belonging to the Army of Northern Virginia, who have been this day surrendered by Gen. Robert E. Lee, Confederate States Army, commanding said army, to Lieut.-Gen. Grant, commanding Armies of the United States, hereby give my solemn parole of honor that the within named shall not hereafter serve in the armies of the Confederate States, or in military or any capacity whatever, against the United States of America, or render aid to the enemies of the latter, until properly exchanged in such manner as shall be mutually approved by the respective authorities.

Done at Appomattox Court House, Va., this ninth day of April, 1865.

The within named will not be disturbed by the United States authorities so long as they observe their parole and the laws in force where they may reside.

The surrender of Gen. Lee's army was fol

lowed by the voluntary surrender of all the troops in Northeastern Virginia, those in the Shenandoah valley. including

On the next day, the 10th, Gen. Lee issued the following farewell address to his army: General Order No. 9.

HEADQUARTERS ARMY NORTHERN VIRGINIA,
April 10, 1865.

After four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources. I need not tell the survivors of so many hard-fought battles, who have remained steadfast to the last, that I have consented to this result from no distrust of them, but holding that valor and devotion could accomplish nothing that could compensate for the loss that would attend the continuation of the contest, I have determined to avoid the useless sacrifice of those whose past vigor has endeared them to their countrymen.

By the terms of agreement officers and men can return to their homes and remain there until exchanged. You will take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty faithfully performed, and I earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend you His blessing and protection. With an increasing admiration of your constancy and devotion to your country, and a grateful remembrance of your kind and generous consideration of myself, I bid you an affectionate farewell.

(Signed)

R. E. LEE, General.

No official statement has been made of the number of officers and men surrendered. It is estimated that the army of Gen. Lee on evacuating Richmond consisted of not far from fifty thousand men. Large numbers abandoned the army and returned home, besides the killed, wounded, and prisoners taken during the pursuit. At the time of the surrender his total force was not far from twenty thousand men, this included all branches of the service, and leaving an effective force less than fifteen thousand men. The number of muskets surrendered scarcely exceeded ten thousand, and about thirty pieces of artillery. The total captures of artillery during the battles and pursuit amounted to one hundred and seventy guns. There were about three hundred and fifty wagons surrendered.

The War Department at Washington issued the following order on receiving the news of the surrender:

WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, D. C., April 9-10 o'clock P. M. Ordered: That a salute of two hundred guns be fired at the headquarters of every army and department, and at every post and arsenal in the United States, and at the Military Academy at West Point, on the day of the receipt of this order, in commemoration of the surrender of Gen. R. E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia to Lieut.-Gen. Grant and the army under his command; report of the receipt and execution of this order to be make to the Adjutant-General, Washington.

EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.

HEADQ'RS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, Į IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, N. C., April 14, 1865. GENERAL: I have this moment received your communication of this date. I am fully empowered to arrange with you any terms for the suspension of further hostilities as between the armies commanded by you and those commanded by myself, and will be willing to confer with you to that end. I will limit the advance of my main column to-morrow to Morrisville, and the cavalry to the University, and expect that you will also maintain the present position of your forces until each has notice of a failure to agree. That a basis of action may be had, I undertake to abide by the same terms and conditions as were made by Gens. Grant and Lee at Appomattox Court House, of the 9th instant, relative to our two armies, and, furthermore, to obtain from Gen. Grant an order to suspend the movements of any troops from the direction of Virginia. Gen. Stoneman is under my command, and my order will suspend any devastation or destruction contemplated by him. I will add that I really desire to save the people of North Carolina the damages they would sustain by the march of this army through the central or western parts of the

Gen. J. E. Johnston, Commanding Confederate Army;

State.

I am, with respect, your obedient servant, W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General. At the same time Gen. Sherman addressed to the Secretary of War and Gen. Grant the following letter:

HEADQUES MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, N. C., April 15, 1865. Gen. U. S. Grant and Secretary of War: I send copies of correspondence with Gen. Johnston to you, which I think will be followed by terms of capitulation. I will grant the same terms Gen. Grant gave Gen. Lee, and be careful not to complicate any points of civil policy. If any cavalry has retreated toward me, caution them to be prepared to find our work done. It is now raining in torrents, and I shall await Gen. Johnston's reply here, and will prepare to meet him in person at Chapel Hill.

I have invited Gov. Vance to return to Raleigh, with the civil officers of his State. I have met exGovernor Graham, Messrs. Badger, Moore, Halden, and others, all of whom agree that the war is over, and that the States of the South must resume their allegiance, subject to the Constitution and Laws of Congress, and must submit to the National arms. The great fact was admitted and the details are of

easy arrangement.

W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General. On the 16th the following despatch was sent to Gen. Kilpatrick, at Durham station, and delivered by him to Gen. Sherman : Major-General J. Kilpatrick, U. S. A. GENERAL: The General Commanding directs me to arrange for a meeting between himself and Maj.-Gen. Sherman. In accordance with these instructions, beg to inquire when and where this meeting can most conveniently be had. I suggest ten (10) o'clock, A. M., to-morrow as the hour, and a point on the Hillsboro road, equidistant from the picket of your command and my own, as the place for the proposed meeting.

I am, respectfully, yours,

I

NED WADE HAMPTON, Lieutenant-General. The interview which followed with Gen. Johnston, five miles from Durham station, is thus reported by Gen. Sherman: "I agreed to meet Gen. Johnston in person at a point intermediate between our pickets on the 17th at noon, provided the position of the troops remained statu quo. I was both willing and anxious to consume a few days, as it would

enable Col. Wright to finish our railroad to Raleigh. Two bridges had to be built and twelve miles of new roads made. We had no iron except by taking up the branch from Goldsboro to Weldon. Instead of losing by time I gained in every way, for every hour of delay possible was required to reconstruct the railroad to our rear and improve the condition of our wagon road to the front, so desirable in case the negotiations failed, and we be forced to make the race of near two hundred miles to head off or catch Johnston, then retreating toward Charlotte. At noon of the day appointed I met Gen. Johnston for the first time in my life, although we had been exchanging shots continually since May, 1863. Our interview was frank and soldier-like, and he gave me to understand that further war on the part of the Confederate troops was folly; that the 'cause' was lost, and that every life sacrificed after the surrender of Lee's army was the highest possible crime. He admitted the terms conceded to Gen. Lee were magnanimous and all he could ask; but he did want some general concessions that would enable him to allay the natural fears and anxieties of his followers, and enable him to maintain his control over them until they could be got back to the neighborhood of their homes, thereby saving the State of North Carolina the devastation inevitably to result from turning his men loose and unprovided on the spot, and our pursuit across the State. wanted to embrace in the same general proposition the fate of all the Confederate armies that remained in existence. I never made any concessions as to his own army or assumed to deal finally and authoritatively in regard to any other, but it did seem to me that there was preed valuable to the Government of the United sented a chance for peace that might be deemStates, and was at least worthy the few days that would be consumed in conference, and to push an enemy whose commander had so frankly and honestly confessed his inability to cope with me, were cowardly and unworthy the did not feel authorized to exercise power over brave men I led. Inasmuch as Gen. Johnston the armies in Texas, we adjourned to the next day at noon.

He also

"I returned to Raleigh, and conferred freely with all my general officers, every one of whom urged me to conclude terms that might accomplish so complete and desirable an end. All dreaded the necessary laborious march after a fugitive and dissolving army back toward Georgia, over the very country where we had toiled so long. There was but one opinion expressed, and, if contrary ones were entertained, they were withheld, or indulged in only by that class who shun the fight and the march, but are loudest, bravest, and fiercest when danger is past.

"I again met Gen. Johnston on the 18th, and we resumed the conversation. He satisfied me then of his power to disband the rebel armies in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas,

as well as those in his immediate command, viz.: North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The points on which he expressed especial solicitude were lest their States were to be dismembered and denied representations in Congress, or any separate political existence whatever; and the absolute disarming his men would leave the South powerless and exposed to depredations by wicked bands of assassins and robbers. The President's (Lincoln) Message of 1864; his Amnesty Proclamation; General Grant's terms to General Lee, substantially extending the bene

fit of that Proclamation to all officers above the rank of colonel; the invitation to the Virginia Legislature to reassemble in Richmond, by Gen. Weitzel, with the supposed approval of Mr. Lincoln and Gen. Grant, then on the spot; a firm belief that I had been fighting to reestablish the Constitution of the United States; and last, but not least, the general and universal desire to close a war any longer without organized resistance, were the leading facts that induced me to pen the 'memorandum' of April 18, signed by myself and Gen. Johnston. It was designed to be, and so expressed on its face, as a mere 'basis' for reference to the President of the United States and constitutional Commander-in-Chief, to enable him, if he chose, at one blow to dissipate the power of the Confederacy which had threatened the national safety for years. It admitted of modification, alteration, and change. It had no appearance of an ultimatum, and by no false reasoning can it be construed into an usurpation of power on my part."

Some complaint had appeared in the public press that the terms offered to Gen. Lee were too lenient. At the same time the assassination of President Lincoln took place, and public indignation was greatly aroused. In the midst of the excitement the memorandum of terms between Gen. Sherman and Gen. Johnston was received by the Government. It was as follows:

Memorandum or basis of agreement made this 18th day of April, A. D. 1865, near Durham's Station, and in the State of North Carolina, by and between Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, commanding the Confederate Army, and Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, commanding the Army of the United States in North Carolina, both present: 1. The contending armies now in the field to maintain their status quo until notice is given by the commanding-general of either one to its opponent, and reasonable time, say forty-eight hours, allowed.

2. The Confederate Armies now in existence to be disbanded and conducted to the several State cappitals, there to deposit their arms and public property in the State arsenal, and each officer and man to execute and file an agreement to cease from acts of war and abide the action of both State and Federal au

thorities. The number of arms and munitions of war to be reported to the Chief of Ordnance at Washing: ton City, subject to future action of the Congress of the United States, and in the mean time to be used solely to maintain peace and order within the borders of the States respectively.

3.-The recognition by the executive of the United States of the several State Governments on their officers and Legislatures taking the oath prescribed by the Constitution of the United States, and where conflicting State Governments have resulted from the

war, the legitimacy of all shall be submitted to the Supreme Court of the United States,

4.-The reestablishment of all Federal Courts in

the several States, with powers as defined by the Constitution and laws of Congress.

5.-The people and inhabitants of all States to be guaranteed, so far as the Executive can, their political rights and franchise, as well as their rights of person United States and of States respectively. and property, as defined by the Constitution of the

6. The executive authority of the Government of the United States not to disturb any of the people by reason of the late war so long as they live in peace obey laws in existence at any place of their residence. and quiet, abstain from acts of armed hostility, and

7.-In general terms, war to cease, a general amnesty, so far the executive power of the United States can command, or on condition of disbandment of the Confederate Armies, and the distribution of arms and resumption of peaceful pursuits by officers and men, as hitherto composing the said armies, not being fully empowered by our respective principals to fulfil these terms, we individually and officially pledge ourselves to promptly obtain necessary authority and to carry out the above programme, W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General, Commanding the Army of the United States in North

Carolina.

J. E. JOHNSTON, General, Commanding Confederate States Army in North Carolina.

This was at once made public, accompanied with the following statement from the Secretary of War, Mr. Stanton:

This proceeding of General Sherman was unapproved for the following among other reasons:

1.-It was an exercise of authority not vested in General Sherman, and on its face shows that both he and Johnston knew that he (Sherman) had no authority to enter into such arrangement.

2. It was a practical acknowledgment of the Rebel government.

3.-It undertook to reestablish the Rebel State gov ernments that had been overthrown at the sacrifice of many thousand loyal lives and an immense treas ure, and placed arms and munitions of war in the hands of the Rebels at their respective capitals, which might be used as soon as the armies of the United States were disbanded, and used to conquer and subdue the loyal States.

4.-By the restoration of the Rebel authority in their respective States, they would be enabled to reestablish slavery.

5.-It might furnish a ground of responsibility by the Federal Government to pay the Rebel debt, and certainly subjects loyal citizens of the Rebel States to the debt consummated by the Rebels in the name of the State.

6.-It puts in dispute the existence of loyal State governments, and the new State of Western Virginia, which had been recognized by every department of the United States Government.

7.-It practically abolished the confiscation laws, and relieved Rebels of every degree who had slaugh tered our people, from all pains and penalties for their

crimes.

8.-It gave terms that had been deliberately, repeatedly, and solemnly rejected by President Lincoln, and better terms than the Rebels had ever asked in their most prosperous condition.

9.-It formed no basis of true and lasting peace, but relieved Rebels from the pressure of our victories, and left them in condition to renew their effort to overthrow the United States Government, and subdue the loyal States, whenever their strength was recruited and an opportunity should offer.

At the same time the Secretary of War issued the following instructions to Gen. Grant:

WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, April 21, 1865. GENERAL: The memorandum or basis agreed upon between Gen. Sherman and Gen. Johnston, having been submitted to the President, they are disapproved. You will give notice of the disapproval to General Sherman, and direct him to resume hostilities at the earliest moment.

The instructions given to you by the late President, Abraham Lincoln, on the 3d of March, by my telegraph of that date addressed to you, express substantially the views of President Andrew Johnson, and will be observed by Gen. Sherman. A copy is herewith appended.

The President desires that you proceed immediate ly to the headquarters of Gen. Sherman and direct operations against the enemy.

Yours truly,

EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. To Lieut.-Gen. GRANT.

COPY OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S INSTRUCTIONS.

WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, March 3, 1865. To Lieut. Gen. GRANT:

The President directs me to say to you that he wishes you to have no conference with Gen. Lee, unless it be for the capitulation of Gen. Lee's army, or on some minor and purely military matter. He wishes me to say that you are not to decide, discuss, or confer upon any political question. Such ques

tions the President holds in his own hands, and will submit them to no military conferences or conventions. Meantime you are to press to your utmost your military advantages.

EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. Perhaps it may not be out of place to insert here the reasons briefly given by Gen. Sherman in his report, for his proceedings. They are as follows:

Immediately on my return to Raleigh I despatched one of my staff, Major Hitchcock, to Washington, enjoining him to be most prudent and careful to avoid the spies and informers that would be sure to infest him by the way, and to say nothing to anybody until the President could make known to me his feelings and wishes in the matter.

The news of President Lincoln's assassination, on the 14th of April (wrongly reported to me by telegraph as having occurred on the 11th), reached me on the 17th, and was announced to my command on the same day, in Field Orders No. 56. I was duly informed of its horrible atrocity and probable effects on the country. But when the property and interests of millions still living were involved, I saw no good reason why to change my course, but thought rather to manifest real respect for his memory by following after his death that policy, which, if living, I felt certain he would have approved, or at least not rejected with disdain.

Up to that hour I had never received one word of instruction, advice, or counsel as to the plan or policy of the Government, looking to a restoration of peace on the part of the Rebel States of the South. Whenever asked for an opinion on the points involved, I had always avoided the subject. My letter to the Mayor of Atlanta has been published to the world, and I was not rebuked by the War Department for it. My letter to Mr. of Savannah, was shown

by me to Mr. Stanton, before its publication, and all that my memory retains of his answer is that he said, like my letters generally, it was sufficiently emphatic, and would not be misunderstood. Both these letters asserted my belief that according to Mr. Lincoln's Proclamation and Message, when the people of the South had laid down their arms and submitted to the lawful powers of the United States, ipso facto, the war was over as to them; and furthermore, that if any State in rebellion would conform to the Constitution of the United States, cease war, elect Senators and Representatives to Congress, if admitted (of which

each House of Congress alone is the judge), that State becomes instanter as much in the Union as New York or Ohio. Nor was I rebuked for these expressions, though it was universally known and commented on at the time. And again Mr. Stanton in person at Savannah, speaking of the terrific expense of the war and difficulty of realizing the money for the daily wants of Government, impressed me most forcibly with the necessity of bringing the war to a close as soon as possible for financial reasons.

On the morning of April 24th Gen. Grant arrived at Gen. Sherman's headquarters, and the latter was informed that the memorandum was disapproved, without reasons assigned, and he was ordered to give the forty-eight hours notice, and resume hostilities at the close of that time. Gen. Sherman_immediately despatched the following note to Gen. Johnston:

}

HEADQ'RS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, April 24, 1865. Gen. Johnston, Commanding Confederate Armies: tions of April 18. I am instructed to limit my operaI have replies from Washington to my communications to your immediate command, and not to attempt civil negotiations. I therefore demand the surrender of your army, on the same terms as were given to Gen. Lee, at Appomattox, of April 9, purely and simply. W. T. SHERMAN, Maj.-Gen.

Gen. Grant, although properly in command, left all the further measures to be executed by Gen. Sherman, and the presence of the former was even unknown to Gen. Johnston, who replied as follows:

[Telegram.]

}

HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, IN THE FIELD, April 25, 1865. Major-Gen. Sherman, U. S. A. Your despatch of yesterday received. I propose a modification of the terms you offered; such terms for the army as you wrote on the 18th; they also modified according to change of circumstances, and a further armistice to arrange details and meeting for that purpose. JOS. E. JOHNSTON, General.

HEADQ'RS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, IN THE FIELD, RALEIGH, April 25, 1865. Gen Johnston; I will meet you at the same place as before, to-morrow, at 12 o'clock noon. W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.

[Telegram.]

Major-Gen. W. T. Sherman, Commd'g U. S. Forces: GENERAL: I have had the honor to receive your despatch of yesterday, summoning this army to surrender on the terms accepted by Gen. Lee at Appamattox Court House. I propose, instead of such surrender, terms based on those drawn up by you on the 18th for disbanding this army, and a further armistice and a conference to arrange these terms.

The disbanding of Gen. Lee's army has afflicted this country with numerous bands having no means of subsistence but robbery-a knowledge of which would, I am sure, induce you to agree to other conditions. Most respectfully, your obedient servant, J. E. JOHNSTON, General. [Telegram.]

GREENSBORO' April 26, 1865-2 a. M. Major-Gen. Sherman through Gen. Butler: I will meet you at the time and place you designate. Is armistice with status quo renewed?

J. E. JOHNSTON, General.

Terms of a Military Convention entered into this twentysixth (26th) day of April, 1865, at Bennett's House, near Durham Station, North Carolina, between General Joseph E. Johnston, commanding the Confed. erate Army, and Major-General W. T. Sherman, commanding the United States Army in North Carolina. All acts of war on the part of the troops under Gen.