force of the enemy, approaching by railroad, barely escaped capture. That night the command encamped at Greenwood, one mile from Louisa Court House, through which the Virginia Central railroad passes, connecting Gordonsville with Richmond. On the next day, the 2d of May, a squadron of the 10th New York, under Col. Irwin, was sent five miles above the town, and another of the same regiment, under Major Avery, was sent the same distance below, to destroy the track of the road, while Col. Kilpatrick took possession of the town. The track was torn up for some distance, the telegraph cut, and some commissary stores seized. In the afternoon the command moved to Thompson's Four Corners. From this place, as headquarters, several expeditions were sent out. On the next morning Col. Wyndham proceeded to Columbia, on the James river, where the Lynchburg and Richmond canal crosses the river. An unsuccessful attempt was made to destroy the aqueduct. Five locks were injured, three canal boats, loaded with commissary stores, and five bridges, were burned, and the the canal lock cut in several places. A large quantity of commissary stores and medicines in the town were also destroyed. Another detachment, under Capt. Drummond, of the 5th cavalry, destroyed the bridge over the James river at Centreville. Other small parties were sent out in different directions, and some skirmishing took place with small parties of the enemy. At the same time a force, consisting of the 10th New York and 1st Maine, with two pieces of artillery, was sent out under Gen. Gregg, to destroy the railroad bridge at Ashland, while Col. Kilpatrick, with the Harris Light, and 12th Illinois, Lieut.-Col. Davis, were to go between Ashland and Richmond, destroying the railroad, bridges, &c. Gen. Gregg destroyed the bridge across the South Anna on the road from Columbia to Spottsylvania; thence he moved east, and destroyed the road to Beaver Dam Station. He then turned north to the Richmond and Gordonsville turnpike, sending out a detachment to burn the Ground Squirrel bridge. That night he bivouacked eight miles from Ashland. A detachment sent out to burn the bridge at Ashland found it too strongly defended. Some portions of the railroad track, however, were destroyed. Leaving Col. Kilpatrick and Lieut.-Col. Davis, Gen. Gregg returned on the next day to Gen. Stoneman. On the night of the 4th, Gen. Gregg moved near Yanceyville, and was followed the next day by Gen. Stoneman and Gen. Buford's command. On the 5th, the retrograde movement commenced, and crossing Racoon Ford, on the Rapidan, the command arrived at Kelly's Ford, on the North Fork. Meantime, the advance of Col. Kilpatrick was made, and thus subsequently reported by him:

By directions from Maj.-Gen. Stoneman, I left Louisa Court House on the morning of the 3d instant, with one regiment (the Harris Light Cavalry) of my brig ade; reached Hungary, on the Fredericksburg railroad,

at daylight on the 4th; destroyed the depot and telegraph wires and railroad for several miles; passed down the pike, across the brook, charged a battery, over to Brook turnpike, drove in the rebel pickets; and forced it to retire within two miles of the city of Richmond; captured Lieut. Brown, aide-de-camp to Gen. Winder, and eleven men within the fortifications; Chickahominy, which I burned; ran a train of cars passed down to the left of the Meadow bridge on the into the river; retired to Hanovertown on the peninsula; crossed and destroyed the ferry boat just in time to check the advance of a pursuing cavalry force; burned a train of thirty wagons loaded with bacon; captured thirteen prisoners, and encamped for the night five miles from the river.

I resumed my march at 1 A. M. of the 5th; surprised a force of three hundred cavalry at Aylett's; captured two officers and thirty-three men; burned fifty-six wagons, the depot, containing upward of twenty thou sand bushels of corn and wheat, quantities of clothing and commissary stores, and safely crossed the Mattapony, and destroyed the ferry again just in time to escape the advance of the rebel cavalry pursuit. Late in the evening I destroyed a third wagon train and depot a few miles above and west of the Tappahannock on the Rappahannock, and from that point made a forced march of twenty miles, being closely pursued by a su perior force of cavalry, supposed to be a portion of Stuart's, from the fact that we captured prisoners down discovered a force of cavalry drawn up in line from the Sth, 1st, and 10th Virginia cavalry. At sunof battle about King and Queen Court House. Their strength was unknown, but I at once advanced to the attack, only to discover, however, that they were friends -a portion of the 10th Illinois cavalry, who had beof the same regiment. come separated from the command of Lieut.-Col. Davis,

At 10 A. M., on the 7th, I found safety and rest under our own brave old flag within our lines at Gloucester Point. This raid and march around the entire rebel made in less than five days, with a loss of one officer army-a march of nearly two hundred miles-has been and thirty-seven men, having captured and paroled upward of three hundred men.

At the same time, Lieut.-Col. Davis, of the 12th Illinois, was ordered to penetrate to the Fredericksburg railroad, and, if possible, to the Virginia Central, and destroy communications. If he crossed the Virginia Čentral he was to make for Williamsburg on the peninsula. Leaving the main body on the South Anna, on Sunday, May 3d, he passed down the bank of that river, burning a bridge, and, dispersing a mounted party of the enemy, struck the railroad at Ashland. Here he cut the telegraph, tore up some rails, and burned the trestlework bridge south of the town. At the same time a train of cars, filled with sick and wounded, arrived, and was captured. The prisoners were paroled, and the locomotives disabled. Twenty wagons, with horses, were destroyed, and several horses taken. Leaving at 6 P. M., a train of eighteen wagons was met and destroyed, and Hanover Station reached at 8 P. M. Here thirty prisoners were captured, and the railroad line broken The depot, storehouses, and stables, filled with government property, were destroyed, also a culvert and trestlework south of the station. Among the property destroyed were more than one hundred wagons, a thousand sacks of flour and corn, and a large quantity of clothing and horse equipments. The command then moved down within seven miles of Richmond, and bivouack

ed until eight o'clock the next morning. It then marched for Williamsburg, but at Tunstall's Station, near White House, encountered a train of cars, filled with infantry and a battery of three guns. This force formed in rifle pits, so that Col. Davis, by a charge, could not penetrate their line: he therefore determined to cross the Pamunkey and Mattapony, and proceed to Gloucester Point. He thus reports the result of his movements:

Our total loss in the expedition has been two commissioned officers and thirty-three enlisted men; we brought with us one hundred mules and seventy-five horses, captured from the enemy. We captured, in the course of our march, a much larger number, which we could not bring in. The amount of property destroyed is estimated at over one million of dollars. Respectfully submitted,

H. DAVIS, Lieut.-Colonel Commanding. The army of Gen. Hooker, after recrossing, as before stated, moved immediately to its original camp opposite Fredericksburg.

On the 6th, Gen. Hooker issued the following address to his army:

General Orders No. 49.

HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, May 6th, 1868. The Major-General Commanding tenders to this army his congratulations on its achievements of the last seven days. If it has not accomplished all that was expected, the reasons are well known to the army. It is sufficient to say, they were of a character not to be foreseen or prevented by human sagacity or re

source.

In withdrawing from the south bank of the Rappahannock before delivering a general battle to our adversaries, the army has given renewed evidence of its confidence in itself, and its fidelity to the principles it represents. On fighting at a disadvantage, we would have been recreant to our trust, to ourselves, our cause, and our country. Profoundly loyal and conscious of its strength, the Army of the Potomac will give or decline battle whenever its interest or honor may demand. It will also be the guardian of its own history and its own arm. By your celerity and secrecy of movement, our advance and passage of the rivers was undisputed, and on our withdrawal not a rebel ventured to follow.

The events of last week may swell with pride the heart of every officer and soldier of this army. We have added new lustre to its former renown. We have made long marches, crossed rivers, surprised the enemy in his intrenchments, and, wherever we have fought, have inflicted heavier blows than we have received. We have taken from the enemy five thousand prisoners; fifteen colors; captured and brought off seven pieces of artillery; placed hors du combat eighteen thousand of his chosen troops; destroyed his depots filled with vast amounts of stores; deranged his communications; captured prisoners within the fortifications of his capital, and filled his country with fear and consternation. We have no other regret than that caused by the loss of our brave companions, and in this we are consoled by the conviction that they have fallen in the holiest cause ever submitted to the arbitrament of battle. By command of

Major-General HOOKER.

S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General. On the 7th, Gen. Lee issued the following address to his army:

General Orders No. 59.

HEADQUARTERS ARMY NORTHERN VIRGINIA, May 7th, 1863. With heartfelt gratification, the General Commanding expresses to the army his sense of the heroic con

duct displayed by officers and men, during the arduous operations in which they have just been engaged. Under trying vicissitudes of heat and storm, you attacked the enemy, strongly intrenched in the depths of a tangled wilderness, and again on the hills of Fredericksburg, fifteen miles distant, and, by the valor that has triumphed on so many fields, forced him once more to seek safety beyond the Rappahannock. While this glorious victory entitles you to the praise and gratitude of the nation, we are especially called upon to return our grateful thanks to the only Giver of victory, for the signal deliverance He has wrought.

It is, therefore, earnestly recommended that the troops unite on Sunday next in ascribing to the Lord of Hosts the glory due His name.

Let us not forget, in our rejoicings, the brave soldiers who have fallen in defence of their country; and, while we mourn their loss, let us resolve to emulate their noble example. The army and the country alike lament the absence for a time of one to whose brav ery, energy, and skill they are so much indebted for

success.

The following letter from the President of the Confederate States, is communicated to the army as an expression of his appreciation of its success:

I have received your despatch, and reverently unite with you in giving praise to God for the success with which he has crowned our arms.

In the name of the people, I offer my cordial thanks to yourself and the troops under your command, for this addi tion to the unprecedented series of great victories which your army has achieved.

The universal rejoicing produced by this happy result will be mingled with a general regret for the good and the brave who are numbered among the killed and wounded. R. E. LEE, General.

On the 8th, the following despatch was sent by the Secretary of War to the Governors of the Northern States:

WASHINGTON, May 8th, 1863. The President and General-in-Chief have just returned from the Army of the Potomac. The principal operations of Gen. Hooker failed, but there has been no serious disaster to the organization and efficiency of the army. It is now occupying its former position on the Rappahannock, having recrossed the river without any loss in the movement. Not more than one third of Gen. Hooker's force was engaged. Gen. Stoneman's operations have been a brilliant success. Part of his force advanced to within two miles of Richmond, and the enemy's communications have been cut in every direction. The Army of the Potomac will speedily resume offensive operations.

(Signed) E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. On the same day, the President issued the following proclamation, preliminary to executing the law for obtaining soldiers by enrolment and draft. It would appear that the events on the Rappahannock had hastened the decision to put the law for this object in operation, and the proclamation notified all foreigners who had merely declared an intention to become citizens of the United States, that after sixty-five days they would be liable to draft, if found in the country.

By the President of the United States of America:

PROCLAMATION.

Whereas, the Congress of the United States, at its last session, enacted a law, entitled an act for the enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes, which was approved on the 3d day of March last; and whereas, it is recited in said act that there now exists in the West and South an insurrec tion against the authority thereof, and it is under the Constitution of the United States the duty of the Gov ernment to suppress insurrection and rebellion, to

guarantee to each State a republican form of government, and to preserve public tranquillity; and whereas, for these high purposes, a military force is indispensable, to raise and support which all persons ought willingly to contribute; and whereas, no service can be more praiseworthy and honorable than that which is rendered for the maintenance of the Constitution and Union, and consequent preservation of free gov. ernment; and whereas, for the reasons thus recited, it was enacted by said statute that all able-bodied male citizens of the United States, and persons of foreign birth who shall have declared on oath their intention to become citizens under and in pursuance of the laws therof, between the ages of 20 and 45 years, with certain exceptions not necessary to be here mentioned, are declared to constitute the national forces, and shall be liable to perform military duty in the service of the United States, when called on by the President for that purpose; and whereas, it is claimed by and in behalf of persons of foreign birth within the ages specified in said act, who have heretofore declared on oath their intention to become citizens under and in pursuance of the laws of the United States, and who have not exercised the right of suffrage or any other political franchise under the laws of the United States or of any of the States thereof, are not absolutely concluded by their aforesaid declaration of intention from renouncing their purpose to become citizens; and that on the contrary such persons under treaties or the law of nations retain a right to renounce that purpose and to forego privilege of citizenship and residence within the United States under obligations imposed by the aforesaid act of Congress:

Now, therefore, to avoid all misapprehensions concerning liability of persons concerned to perform the service required by such enactment, and to give it full effect, I do hereby order and proclaim that no plea of alienage will be received or allowed to exempt from obligations imposed by the aforesaid act of Congress any person of foreign birth who shall have declared, on oath, his intention to become a citizen of the United States, under the laws thereof, and who shall be found within the United States at any time during the continuance of the present insurrection and rebellion at or after the expiration of the period of sixty-five days from date of this proclamation; nor shall any such plea of alienage be allowed in favor of any such person who has so as aforesaid declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States, and shall have exercised at any time the right of suffrage or any other political franchise within the United States under laws of any of the several States. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington, this 8th day of May, in the year of our Lord 1863, and of the independence of the United States the 87th.

(Signed)

ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President. W. H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.

Previously, while the movements of Gen. Hooker were in progress, the following military orders were issued. The object appears to have been to prevent the transmission of premature and unreliable reports to Halifax, Nova Scotia, and by steamer to Europe:

WASHINGTON, May 1, 1863. To Major-Gen. Wool, Commanding at New York : By virtue of the act of Congress authorizing the President to take possession of railroad and telegraph lines, &c., passed February 4th, 1862, the President directs that you take immediate military possession of the telegraph lines lately established between Philadelphia and Boston, called the Independent Telegraph Company, and forbid the transmission of any intelligence relating to the movements of the army of the Potomac or any military forces of the United States. In case this order is violated, arrest and im

Some of the wounded remained on the field of battle at least ten days, as appears by the following, which was made public:

HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
Tuesday, May 12, 1863.

Dr. Luckley, medical director in charge of our wounded on the field, reports that they are all comfortable, and are about twelve hundred in number. An ambulance train has been sent for them. They are expected to return to camp by to-night.

A flag of truce from Gen. Lee stated that he had exhausted his medicines and hospital stores, and fresh supplies were sent over for the wounded of Gen. Hooker's army. The number of prisoners taken was estimated by the enemy at eight thousand. It was an overestimate.

The loss of the enemy in numbers was less than that of Gen. Hooker, but far greater in the importance of the officers. Among their Wounded was Gen. Jackson, who subsequently died. Upon hearing that he was wounded, Gen. Lee addressed to him the following letter. CHANCELLORSVILLE, May 4th.

To Lieutenant-Gen. T. J. Jackson:

ing me that you are wounded. I cannot express my GENERAL: I have just received your note, informregret at the occurrence.

Could I have directed events, I should have chosen for the good of the country to have been disabled in which is due to your skill and energy. your stead. I congratulate you upon the victory Most truly yours,

R. E. LEE, General. Gen. Jackson had gone some distance in front of his line of skirmishers, on Saturday evening, May 2d, and was returning about eight o'clock, attended by his staff and part of his couriers. The cavalcade, in the darkness of the night, was supposed to be a body of Federal cavalry, and fired upon by a regiment of his own corps. He was struck by three balls, one through the left arm, two inches below the shoulder-joint, shattering the bone and severing the chief artery; another ball passed through the same arm between the elbow and wrist, making its exit through the palm of the hand; a third ball entered the palm of the right hand, about the middle, passed through and broke two bones. He suffered for a week, during which his wounds improved,

but sunk under an attack of pneumonia. The following order was issued by Gen. Lee:

General Order No. 61.

HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA,
May 11th, 1863.

With deep grief the Commanding General announces to the army the death of Lieut.-Gen. T. J. Jackson, who expired on the 10th instant, at 3.15 P. M. The daring, skill, and energy of this great and good

soldier, by the decree of an all-wise Providence, are now lost to us; but while we mourn his death, we feel that his spirit still lives, and will inspire the whole army with his indomitable courage and unshaken confidence in God as our hope and strength.

Let his name be a watchword to his corps, who have followed him to victory on so many fields. Let officers and soldiers emulate his invincible determination in defence of our beloved country. R. E. LEE, General.

THE armies confronting each other at Fredericksburg, now remained inactive for some time. A movement of a small force of Confederate cavalry near the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, during the last week in April, was made, by which some injury was done to that road, and an alarm created on its borders. On the 1st of June, the Federal force at West Point, on the York River, under Brig.-Gen. Gordon, was withdrawn, and a cavalry dash from Gloucester was made by Col. Kilpatrick through the adjacent counties, for the purpose of joining his force with that of General Stoneman. At this time, also, some cavalry movements took place along the Rapidan, and such changes were observed in the appearance of the enemy's camp at Fredericksburg as created an impression that some of his force might have been withdrawn. This induced Gen. Hooker to make a reconnoissance in force on the 5th of June. The division of Gen. Howe, of the sixth corps, was sent across the river below Fredericksburg. Some skirmishing ensued, and the enemy developed so much strength as to create the impression that the mass of his forces had not been removed.

On Tuesday, the 9th of June, two brigades of Gen. Pleasanton's cavalry, under command of Gen. Buford, made a reconnoissance to Culpepper. The force was supported by two batteries of artillery, and two regiments of infantry, as a reserve. On Monday night, the force bivouacked near Beverly Ford, on the Rappahannock. Beyond the ford was a semi-circular belt of woods, with a range of rifle-pits near the edge; and a line of pickets guarded the fords on the southern bank of the river. The cavalry crossed at 4 A. M., the 10th New York in advance, and drove the pickets back to the rifle-pits, and then charged upon the pits. The combat was severe, but the enemy were driven from their pits and the woods. Falling back upon their artillery, they maintained their position until twelve o'clock, when Gen. Buford's artillery reached the ground, and the action

was renewed. Gen. Pleasanton took command of the Union force before it was over. Gen. Stuart also arrived on the Confederate side. The Federal loss was about three hundred and sixty. Among the killed was Col. B. F. Davis, who led the cavalry force from Harper's Ferry at the time of its surrender in 1862. The enemy's loss was somewhat larger. The number of the enemy taken prisoners was about two hundred. In reply to a communication from Gen. Pleasanton, relating to the men left in the hands of General Stuart, the latter subsequently stated that the dead had been decently buried, the wounded humanely attended by his surgeons, and the prisoners sent to Richmond; but that no parties would be permitted to visit the field by flag of truce, for the purpose of procuring the remains of friends, and that all future communications must be sent by the flag-of-truce boat to City Point, Va.

Positive information was obtained by this reconnoissance that the Confederate forces were preparing for a movement, either against Washington or into the State of Maryland. An apprehension of an aggressive blow from the enemy now existed. Where, or in what manner the attempt would be made to strike the blow, no one could foretell. A threat had been made to invade Maryland and Pennsylvania with a considerable force, in retaliation for the raids made by Col. Grierson in Mississippi and Cols. Kilpatrick and Davis in Virginia. The cavalry force of Gen. Pleasanton, on its return, brought information that the enemy had been moving in strong force westward, through the town of Sperryville, toward Luray, in the Shenandoah valley; that the column so moving was three hours and a half in passing the town, and was composed of infantry and artillery. The move ment of Gen. Pleasanton also developed that the enemy were massing their cavalry on the Upper Rappahannock for some purpose. On the 11th of June, a force, consisting of two hundred and fifty of the enemy's cavalry, crossed the Potomac at Edward's Ferry, and

attacked the company of the 6th Michigan on picket at Seneca. This company gradually fell back toward Poolesville. The enemy burnt their camp and recrossed the river, where they remained for some time, assuming a threatening appearance.

On the 8th of June, the Richmond (Va.) press spoke of a movement of Gen. Lee, in these words: "It is too generally known to raise any question of prudence in speaking of it, that Gen. Lee has put his army in motion. His designs are known only to himself, and those with whom it was his duty to confer. A few days will disclose them to the public, who are willing to wait patiently, in full confidence that the result will vindicate the wisdom of what he undertakes. A forward movement on his part has been for some time anticipated by the enemy, and is regarded with very perceptible uneasiness."

The facts were as follows: The position occupied by Gen. Hooker, opposite Fredericksburg, being one in which he could not be attacked to advantage, Gen. Lee determined to draw him from it. The execution of this purpose by him embraced the relief of the Shenandoah valley from the Federal troops that had occupied the lower part of it during the winter and spring, and, if practicable, the transfer of the scene of hostilities north of the Potomac. It was thought that the corresponding movements on the part of Gen. Hooker, to which those contemplated by Gen. Lee would probably give rise, might offer a fair opportunity to strike a blow at the army under Gen. Hooker, and that in any event that army would be compelled to leave Virginia, and possibly to draw to its support troops designed to operate against other parts of the Confederacy. In this way it was supposed that the Federal plan of campaign for the summer would be broken up, and a part of the season of active operations be consumed in the formation of new combinations and the preparations that they would require. Other valuable results, it was hoped by Gen. Lee, would be attained by military success.

The movement of Gen. Lee began on the 3d of June. Gen. McLaws's division of Gen. Longstreet's corps left Fredericksburg for Culpepper Court House; and Gen. Hood's division, which was encamped on the Rapidan, marched to the same place. They were followed, on the 4th and 5th, by Gen. Ewell's corps, leaving that of Gen. A. P. Hill to occupy the Confederate lines at Fredericksburg. The forces of Gens. Longstreet and Ewell reached Culpepper on the 8th, at which point the Confederate cavalry under Gen. Stuart was concentrated. Gen. Jenkins, with his cavalry brigade, had been ordered to advance toward Winchester, to cooperate with the infantry in the proposed expedition in the lower part of the Shenandoah valley, and at the same time Gen. Imboden was directed with his command to make a demonstration in the di

rection of Romney, in order to cover the movement against Winchester, and prevent the Federal troops at that place from being reënforced by the troops on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Both of these officers were in position when Gen. Ewell left Culpepper Court House, on the 16th of June.

On the 9th of June, the War Department issued a general order (No. 172) establishing two new military departments, as follows:

1. The Department of the Monongahela, embracing that portion of the State of Pennsylvania west of Johnstown and the Laurel Hill range of mountains, and the counties of Hancock, Brooke, and Ohio, in the State of Virginia, and the counties of Columbia, command of this department is assigned to Major-Gen. William T. H. Brooks, with his headquarters at Pittsburg.

Jefferson, and Belmont, in the State of Ohio. The

cing that portion of the State of Pennsylvania east 2. The Department of the Susquehanna, embraof Johnstown and the Laurel Hill range of mountains. The command of this department is assigned to Major-Gen. Couch, with his headquarters at Chambersburg.

The following is the list of the military geographical departments and their commanders at this time:

Department of the Tennessee-Maj.-Gen. U. S. Grant. Department of the Cumberland-Maj.-Gen. W. S. Rosecrans.

Department of the Ohio-Maj.-Gen. A. E. Burnside. Department of New England-Maj.-Gen. John A. Dix. Department of the Gulf-Maj.-Gen. N. P. Banks. Department of North Carolina and Department of Virginia-Maj.-Gen. J. G. Foster.

Department of the Northwest-Maj.-Gen. John Pope. Department of Washington-Maj.-Gen. S. P. Heint

zelman.

Department of Western Virginia-Brig.-Gen. B. F. Kelly.

Department of New Mexico-Brig.-Gen. James H. Carlton.

Department of the Pacific-Brig.-Gen. G. Wright. Department of Key West-Brig.-Gen. J. M. Brannan. Department of Kansas-Maj.-Gen. James G. Blunt. Middle Department-Maj.-Gen. Robert C. Schenck. Department of the South-Brig.-Gen. Q. A. Gillmore. Department of Missouri-Maj.-Gen. John M. Scho

field.

On the 12th of June, the Governor of Pennsylvania issued the following proclamation : In the name and by the authority of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, by Andrew G. Curtin, Governor of the said Commonwealth:

A PROCLAMATION.

Information has been obtained by the War Departartillery, and mounted infantry, has been prepared for ment that a large rebel force, composed of cavalry, the purpose of making a raid into Pennsylvania. The President has therefore erected two new departments, one in Eastern Pennsylvania, to be commanded by Major-General Couch, and the other in Western Pennsylvania, to be commanded by Major-General Brooks. earnestly invite the attention of the people of Pennsylvania to the general orders issued by these officers on assuming the command of their respective departments.

force for the defence of the State cannot be overrated. The importance of immediately raising a sufficient The corps now proposed to be established will give