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He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our Legislature.

He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power.

He has combined, with others, to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our Constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation:

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us.

For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment, for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States.

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world.
For imposing taxes on us without our consent.

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury. For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses.

For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbitrary Government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies. For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering, fundamentally, the powers of our Governments.

For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coast, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun, with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.

He has excited domestic insurrections among us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.

In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for re

dress, in the most humble terms; our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts made by their Legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace, friends.

We, therefore, the representatives of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, in GENERAL CONGRESS assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are and of right ought to be FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that, as FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which INDEPENDENT STATES may of right do. And, for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor.

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Relative to the manners of members from different sections,

12,13

As to the inauguration,.

14

The inauguration and address of the President,

16,17,20

Debate as to gracious speech,.

Interview with General St. Clair as to intercourse with the President,

&c.,

Letters of Mr. Hamilton on the same subject,

Letter of the President to Mr. Adams and reply,.

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As to oaths,

Enacting clause of acts,

Communication between the Houses,

Answer to the speech of the President,

The President at the theatre,

As to signing address to the President,

Delivery of it, and reply,

Levee,

Salary of the President and Vice President,

The import bill,

Loaf sugar,

Mr. Morris on the tariff,

Mr. Butler as to the impost law,

As to dissolution,

Mrs. Morris,

23

25,29

29,32

30,89,151

32,36

36,51

43,44

51,52

53,54

54,74

58

55,59,60

65

71,72

75,76

77

77

77

81

81

86,90,94,95, &c.
89

104 to 113
116,117

Mr. Maclay's remark as to views of members as to the impost bill,
Discriminations as to nations in and out of treaty connection,

As to balloting, or voting viva voce, on nominations,

The judiciary bill and chancery,

Seat of government at Harrisburg,

Department of Foreign Affairs,

The triangle in Erie county,

The President in the Senate chamber relative to treaties with Southern
Indians,

The permanent residence,

And till end of the session,

122 to 126

126,135,136,144

193

Dinner with the President,

Ice cream in 1789,

The compensation or salary bill,

Dr. Elmer,

Salaries of judges,

Relative to the name of the President in Federal writs,

Whether the President was subject to process,

SECOND SESSION.

Page.

129

129

131, &c.

136,330

143

151

152

The President's speech and answer to it,

Dinner with the President, .

Speculation in certificates,

156,157

157,158

158

Whether bills shall be taken up de novo, or as left at the last session, 158, 159

The funding system or bill,

Falls of Niagara,

The permanent residence,

The Abolition Society,

Mr. Madison,

The naturalization bill,

The assumption bill,

Purchasing unimproved lands in Pennsylvania,

Description of the country in the interior of Pennsylvania,

Honorable struck out before names of Senators,

Pay and mileage of Senators, .

Military establishment,

Dr. Franklin,

Resolution for opening the doors of the Senate,

Mount Vernon, .

Salaries of ministers, &c., abroad,

161, 162, 163
165,219,225

165,166

166, &c., 209,215,217,220

169

172

175,179,181

175,176, &c., 193, 194,201,202

178,180

182

187

190

195,198

199

201

202

204,233

204

205,206

207

207

210

. 212,295

212,214,219

215

219

224

Senator who has set up a coach,

Resolution against Rhode Island. The Sons of Tammany,

Pennsylvania accounts against the United States,

Illness of the President,

Arrears of pay to troops,

Jefferson's appearance and conversation,

Baron Steuben,

Expense of intercourse with foreign nations,

George Logan,

Messrs. Lee, Ellsworth, Paterson, and Mr. Maclay himself,

Interview between Mr. Morris and Mr. Hamilton as to the residence

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Dinner by the Pennsylvania delegation, and relative to Messrs. Ham-
ilton, Jefferson, and General Knox,

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