Tyler, his associate on the Whig ticket. He was opposed by Van Buren, who polled one million one hundred and twentyeight thousand seven hundred and two popular votes, and sixty of the electoral college, and by James G. Birney, of the Liberty or Abolition party, who polled seven thousand and fifty-nine votes. R. M. Johnson, L. W. Tazewell, and James K. Polk were candidates for the Vice-Presidency, receiving in all sixty electoral votes. Twenty-six States voted. Harrison's election was the first Whig success, and the campaign preceding it has been aptly termed "the great national frolic."

POLK was chosen President in 1844 over Birney, the Abolitionist, and Clay, the Whig, receiving a popular vote of one million three hundred and thirty-seven thousand two hundred and forty-three, and an electoral vote of one hundred and seventy, to Clay's one million two hundred and ninetynine thousand and sixty-eight popular and one hundred and five electoral, Birney's vote being sixty-two thousand three hundred popular and none electoral. For Vice-President George M. Dallas received the same electoral vote as Polk, and Theodore Frelinghuysen the same as Clay.

TAYLOR was chosen by the Whigs in 1848, Clay and Webster being abandoned. He and his associate, Millard Fillmore, received each one hundred and sixty-three electoral votes and a popular vote of one million three hundred and sixty thousand one hundred and one. Lewis Cass, the Democratic nominee, and Wm. O. Butler, his associate, were regarded as a weak combination, but they polled one million two hundred and twenty thousand five hundred and forty-four votes, with one hundred and twenty-seven electors. Van Buren ran on the Free Soil ticket with Charles Francis Adams, and received two hundred and ninety-one thousand two hundred and sixty-three votes, thirty States voting. Taylor died, and Fillmore quarreled with his party, thus impairing its strength sadly.

PIERCE rode into power over the fragments of the Whig party, he and his associate, William R. King, receiving two

hundred and fifty-four electoral and one million six hundred and one thousand four hundred and seventy-four popular votes. Winfield Scott and William A. Graham, the Whig nominees, received forty-two electoral and one million three hundred and eighty-six thousand five hundred and seventyeight popular votes, John P. Hale and George W. Julian, Free Democrats, polling one hundred and fifty-six thousand one hundred and forty-nine suffrages. This contest ended the Whig party. Thirty-one States voted.

BUCHANAN was chosen in 1856 by one hundred and sev enty-four electoral votes, John C. Breckenridge being his associate, they receiving a popular vote of one million eight hundred and thirty-eight thousand one hundred and sixtynine, John C. Fremont and Wm. L. Dayton, nominees of the newly-formed Republican party, receiving one hundred and fourteen electoral and one million three hundred and fortyone thousand two hundred and sixty-four popular votes, while Millard Fillmore and A. J. Donelson, of the American party, had eight electoral and eight hundred and seventy-four thousand five hundred and thirty-four popular votes. This was a most bitter campaign, saturated with all the issues of slavery, disunion, and border ruffianism.

LINCOLN was elected in 1860 by a popular vote of one million eight hundred and sixty-six thousand three hundred and fifty-two, and an electoral vote of one hundred and eighty, Hannibal Hamlin being his associate. This was the first victory for the Republicans. Democrats, Constitutional Unionists, and Independent Democrats voted respectively for Breckenridge and Lane, Bell and Everett, and Douglas and Johnson, who received electoral votes as follows: Breckenridge, seventy-two; Bell, thirty-nine; Douglas, . twelve; and popular votes: Breckenridge, eight hundred and forty-five thousand seven hundred and sixty-three; Bell, five hundred and eighty-nine thousand five hundred and eighty-one; and Douglas, one million three hundred and seventy-five thousand one hundred and fifty-seven. Thirty.

three States engaged in this contest, of which Lincoln carried seventeen, Breckenridge eleven, Bell three, and Douglas two. Lincoln's second election, Andrew Johnson being his associate, was by two hundred and twelve electoral and two million two hundred and sixteen thousand and sixty-seven popular votes, George B. McClellan and G. H. Pendleton receiving twenty-one electoral and one million eight hundred and eight thousand seven hundred and twenty-five popular votes. Eleven States and eighty-one electors were not represented in this election. Of twenty-five voting States Lincoln carried all but three.

GRANT was chosen in 1872 over Horatio Seymour by two hundred and fourteen votes of the Electoral College to eighty,. twenty-three electors, three States, not represented. Schuyler Colfax and Frank P. Blair, Jr., were the respective Vice-Presidential nominees. The popular vote was three million fifteen thousand and seventy-one, for Grant, to two million seven hundred and nine thousand six hundred and thirteen for Seymour. At the election of 1872 Grant had a long line of competitors, but he polled three million five hundred and ninetyseven thousand and seventy popular votes, and two hundred and eighty-six electoral out of a possible three hundred and sixty-six. All the States voted. His competitors on various tickets were Horace Greeley, Charles O'Conor, James Black, Thos. A. Hendricks, Charles J. Jenkins, and David Davis. Henry Wilson was chosen Vice-President, over B. Gratz Brown, Geo. W. Julian, A. H. Colquitt, John M. Palmer, T. E. Bramlette, W. S. Groesbeck, Willis B. Machen, and N. P. Banks.

HAYES was elected, with his associate, Wm. A. Wheeler, in a scattering contest. His popular vote was four million thirtythree thousand nine hundred and fifty. Samuel J. Tilden, (Democrat) received four million two hundred and eightyfour thousand eight hundred and eighty-five votes. Peter Cooper, (Greenback) eighty-one thousand seven hundred and forty. Green Clay Smith (Prohibition), nine thousand five hundred and twenty-two, and two thousand six hundred and

thirty-six were scattering. T. A. Hendricks was Mr. Tilden's associate. The disputed vote was settled by an Electoral Commission which awarded Hayes one hundred and eighty-five electoral votes and Tilden one hundred and eighty-four.

GARFIELD received, in 1880, a popular vote of four million four hundred and forty-nine thousand and fifty-three, and an electoral vote of two hundred and fourteen, together with Chester A. Arthur, his associate. Winfield S. Hancock and William H. English received four million four hundred and forty-two thousand and thirty-five popular, and one hundred and fifty-five electoral votes. The Greenback candidates,

James B. Weaver and B. J. Chambers, received three hundred and seven thousand three hundred and six votes, and twelve thousand five hundred and seventy-six were reported as scattering. Thus the Republicans held the Presidency from Lincoln's election in 1860.

CLEVELAND received a popular vote of four million nine hundred and eleven thousand and seventeen, with an electoral vote of two hundred and nineteen, a majority of thirty-seven electoral votes over his chief competitor, James G. Blaine. The Prohibition candidate, John P. St. John, received about one hundred and fifty-two thousand votes, while the Greenback candidate, Benjamin F. Butler, received about one hundred and thirty-four thousand votes. Thomas A. Hendricks, chosen Vice-President with Mr. Cleveland, died November 25th, 1885.

TABLES OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS.

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SUMMARY OF POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTES FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 1789

Previous to the election of 1804 each elector voted for two candidates for President; the one receiving the highest number of votes, if a majority, was declared elected President; and the next highest Vice-President.

+ Three States out of thirteen did not vote, viz.: New York, which had not passed an elec toral law; and North Carolina and Rhode Island, which had not adopted the Constitution.

There having been a tie vote, the choice devolved upon the House of Representatives, A choice was made on the 36th ballot, which was as follows: Jefferson-Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, and Virginia 10 States; Burr-Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island 4 States; Blank-Delaware and South Carolina-2 States.

Elect, Vote.

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