the Potomac, between the 26th of | had advanced to Warrenton, when October and the 2d of November; he was relieved from command," and, moving unopposed down the east side of the Blue Ridge (Lee's army being still in the Valley, but moving parallel with ours), occupied Snicker's Gap and Manassas; and

directed to turn it over to Gen. Burnside, and report by letter from Trenton, N. J.; which he proceeded forthwith to do. Thus ended his active participation in the war.

X.

TENNESSEE-KENTUCKY-MISSISSIPPI.

BUELL BRAGG-ROSECRANS-GRANT-VAN DORN.

THE Comatose condition into which every cavalier. Burning bridges, the war on the Tennessee had fallen, after the removal of Mitchel to the South, was fitfully broken by patterings of Rebel enterprise far in the rear of our main army. While Buell, at or near Huntsville, Ala., was deliberately reorganizing and disciplining his forces, schooling them to an unwonted deference for Rebel rights of property-especially of property in men-guerrilla raids and attacks became increasingly and disagreeably frequent throughout Kentucky and Tennessee-the Confederate leaders, especially those of cavalry regiments, on finding that they were not needed in our front, transferring their assiduous and vehement attentions to our flanks and rear. The names of Forrest and John Morgan began to be decidedly notorious. Horse-stealing-in fact, stealing in general--in the name and behalf of Liberty and Patriotism, is apt to increase in popularity so long as it is practiced with impunity; and the horses of Kentucky are eminently calculated to inflame the love of country glowing in the breast of

34 Nov. 7.

and clutching whatever property could be made useful in war, had been for some time current; when at length a bolder blow was struck in the capture' of Lebanon, Ky. [not Tenn.], and almost simultaneously of Murfreesboro', Tenn., which Forrest surprised; making prisoners of Brig.-Gens. Duffield and Crittenden, of Ind., with the 9th Michigan, 3d Minnesota, 4 companies of the 4th Ky. cavalry, and 3 companies of the 7th Pa. cavalry, after a spirited but brief resistance. Henderson, Ky., on the Ohio, was likewise seized by a guerrilla band, who clutched a large amount of hospital stores; and, being piloted across by some Indiana traitors, captured a hospital also at Newburg, Ind., and paroled its helpless inmates. Col. John Morgan likewise captured Cynthiana, in north-eastern Kentucky; but was run off directly by a superior cavalry force under Gen. Green Clay Smith. Morgan claims in his report to have captured and paroled 1,200 Union soldiers during this raid, with a total loss of but 90 of his men. Large quan1 July 5, 1862. " July 2.

2

BRAGG AND KIRBY SMITH INVADE KENTUCKY.

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tities of plunder were thus obtained, | advance into Maryland, the increaswhile property of much greater value ing scarcity of food was the more was destroyed; and enough recruits immediate, while fond expectations were doubtless gathered to offset the of a general rising in support of the waste of war. Still, military opera- Confederate cause, afforded the retions, without a base and without moter incitement to this step. Louisreguler supplies, seldom produce sub- ville, with its immense resources, stantial, enduring results; and the was the immediate object of this Confederate guerrillas either soon gigantic raid, though Cincinnati was abandoned Kentucky or concealed thought to be also within its purthemselves and lay quiet therein. view. Crossing the Tennessee at The leaders, with most of their fol- Harrison, a few miles above Chattalowers, retired into Tennessee, where nooga, with 36 regiments of infanthey captured Clarksville' and pos- try, 5 of cavalry, and 40 guns, Bragg sessed themselves of ample military traversed the rugged mountain ridges stores; and a sharp cavalry fight at which hem in the Sequatchie ValGallatin resulted in a Union defeat, ley, passing through Dunlap, Pikewith a loss of 30 killed, 50 wounded, ville, Crossville,' masking his moveand 75 prisoners. ment by a feint with cavalry on McMinnville, but rapidly withdrawing this when its purpose was accomplished, and pressing hurriedly northward, to Kentucky; which he entered on the 5th.

Gen. Buell had left Corinth in June, moving eastward, as if intent on Chattanooga; but Gen. Bragg― who had succeeded to the chief command of the Rebels confronting him --had thereupon moved more rapidly, on parallel roads, from Tupelo, Miss., through northern Alabama and Georgia, to Chattanooga, which he reached ahead of Buell's vanguard. Bragg's army had been swelled by conscription to some 45,000 men, organized in three corps, under Hardee, Bishop Polk, and Kirby Smith respectively, whereof the last was sent to Knoxville, while the two former sufficed to hold Chattanooga against any effort which Buell was likely to make.

8

5

Kirby Smith, with his division, from Knoxville, advanced by Jacksonborough across the Cumberland range, through Big Creek Gap, moving as rapidly as possible, with a very light train; his men subsisting mainly on green corn-which is scarce enough in that poor, thinly-peopled region— his hungry, foot-sore, dusty followers buoyed up with the assurance of plenty and comfort ahead. His cavalry advance, 900 strong, under Col. J. S. Scott, moving' from Kingston, Tenn., passed through Montgomery and Jamestown, Tenn., and Monticello and Somerset, Ky., to London, where it surprised" and routed a battalion of Union cavalry, inflicting a loss of 30 killed and wounded and 111 prisoners; thence pushing on,

McClellan's Richmond campaign having proved abortive, while conscription had largely replenished the Rebel ranks, Bragg was impelled to try a bold stroke for the recovery of Tennessee and the liberation' of Kentucky. As with Lee's kindred making additional captures by the Aug. 24. Aug. 27. Aug. 30. 7 Sept. 1. * Aug. 22. Aug. 13. Aug. 17.

Aug. 19.

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KIRBY SMITH ROUTS MANSON AT RICHMOND, KY. 12th Indiana, McMillan, 95th Ohio, | fantry, 4,000 cavalry, and 15 guns and other valuable officers, had al--which they don't. He estimates ready been. Lt.-Col. Topping and Maj. Conkling, 71st Indiana, had been killed.

The rout was now total and complete; and, to make the most of it, Smith had, hours before, sent Scott, with his cavalry, around to our rear, with instructions to prepare for and intercept the expected fugitives. Manson, who had resumed command when Nelson fell, had formed a new rear-guard, which was keeping the Rebel pursuit within bounds; when, four miles from Richmond, the fleeing rabble were halted by a body of Rebel horse. Manson, hurrying up, attempted to form a vanguard; but only 100 responded to his call, who were speedily cut up by a fire from a force of Rebels hidden in a cornfield on the left of the road, whereby Lt.-Col. Wolfe and 41 others were killed or wounded. The road was here choked with wounded horses and other débris of a shattered army; it was growing dusk (7 P. M.), and the remains of our thoroughly beaten force scattered through the fields; every one attempting to save himself as he could. Gen. Manson, with other officers, attempting escape by flight, was fired on by a squadron of Scott's cavalry; his horse, mortally wounded, fell on him, injuring him severely, and he was taken prisoner; as were many if not most of his compatriots in dis

aster.

his loss at 200 killed, 700 wounded, and 2,000 prisoners. Kirby Smith, on the contrary, makes our force fully 10,000-his own but 5,000; and states his total loss at 400, and ours at 1,000 killed and wounded, 5,000 prisoners, 9 guns, 10,000 small arms, and large spoil of munitions. and provisions. It is quite probable that his story, though exaggerated, is nearer the truth than Manson's.

Smith set forward directly" for Lexington, which he entered in triumph three days afterward, amid the frantic acclamations of the numerous Rebel sympathizers of that intensely pro-Slavery region. He moved on through Paris to Cynthiana, within striking distance of either Cincinnati or Louisville, which seemed for a few days to lie at his mercy; though considerable numbers, mainly of militia and very green volunteers, had been hastily gathered for the defense of the former, and were busily employed in erecting defenses covering the Kentucky approaches to that city, at some distance back from the Ohio.

Gen. Bragg had now completely flanked Buell's left, and passed behind him, without a struggle and without loss, keeping well eastward of Nashville, and advancing by Carthage, Tenn., and Glasgow, Ky.; first striking the Louisville and Nashville Railroad-which was our main line. of supply and rëenforcement—after he entered Kentucky." His advance, under Gen. J. R. Chalmers, first encountered" a considerable force at MUNFORDSVILLE, where the railroad crosses Green river, and where Col. ** Sept. 5.

Manson's report says that his entire force this day "did not exceed 6,500," of whom not over 2,500 were engaged at once-a sad commentary on his generalship-and he adds: "The enemy say they had 12,000 in

13 Sept. 1.

15 Sept. 13.

J. T. Wilder, with about 2,100 men, had assumed command five days before, by order of Gen. J. T. Boyle, commanding in Kentucky, and had hastily thrown up fortifications, with intent to dispute the passage of the river. Chalmers had already sent a mounted force to the north of Munfordsville, by which a first demand for surrender was made at 8 The demand being repelled, an assault was made at daylight next morning, but speedily repulsed with loss. At 9 A. M., Wilder was rëenforced by six companies of the 50th Indiana, Col. C. L. Dunham, who, being his senior, after hesitating, assumed command; but was superseded soon afterward by an order from Boyle, and Wilder restored.

Believing that the heart of Kentucky is with us in our great struggle for Constitutional Freedom, we have transferred from ders, but a powerful and well-disciplined our own soil to yours, not a band of marauarmy. Your gallant Buckner leads the van. ridge, dear to us as to you, is advancing Marshall is on the right; while Breckinwith Kentucky's valiant sons, to receive the honor and applause due to their hero

sent Shiloh down to history, and the nerved ism. The strong hands which in part have arms which have kept at bay from our own here to assist, to sustain, to liberate you. homes the boastful army of the enemy, are Will you remain indifferent to our call? or will you not rather vindicate the fair fame believe that you will; and that the memory of your once free and envied State? We 17 Sept. 17.