505

tool

transaction

EXAMPLES.

past.

Every event remembered is remembered as having happened in This gives us the idea in the concrete. We can now, by a process of abstraction, separate the from the event, and we have the abstract idea of time.

The

...

of each earthquake is measured generally only by seconds, or even

parts of a second.

It has been conjectured that our idea of is founded upon the conscious of sensations and ideas in our own minds.

TOOL (page 358).
QUESTIONS.

1. What is a tool? 2. How does instrument compare in meaning with tool? 3. What special tools are ordinarily called instruments? 4. What is an implement? 5. What is a utensil? In what special relations is the word used? 6. What is an appliance? How does appliance compare with tool? 7. What is a mechanism? 8. What is a machine in the most general sense? in the technical and common use? 9. What is an apparatus? 10. Which of these words have figurative use? 11. How are instrument and tool contrasted in figurative use?

war.

EXAMPLES.

The time is coming when the -s of husbandry shall supplant the weapons of

Mix salt and sand, and it shall puzzle the wisest of men, with his mere natural -s, to separate all the grains of sand from all the grains of salt.

The pick, stone-saw, wedge, chisel, and other -8 were already in use when the pyramids were built.

TOPIC (page 359).
QUESTIONS.

1. From what is topic derived, and with what meaning? 2. How is question used in a similar sense, and why? 3. Is the general subject or theme properly known as the topic? To what is that name more appropriately given ?

EXAMPLES.

My father... always took care to start some ingenious or useful course, which might tend to improve the minds of his children.

of dis

One of the most important rules in a deliberative assembly is, that every speaker shall speak to the -

The

of the Iliad is not the war of Troy, but the wrath of Achilles exhibited during and in connection with the war of Troy.

TRANSACT, TRANSACTION (page 360).

QUESTIONS.

1. How does transact differ from do? 2. How does transact differ from treat and negotiate? 3. How does negotiate compare with treat? 4. How do transactions differ from proceedings?

transient

utility

506

EXAMPLES.

In the first Parliament of James the House of Commons refused for the first time

Any direction of Christ or any direction or act of his apostles respecting the of business in the church, is binding upon us, unless such direction or act was grounded upon peculiar circumstances then existing.

TRANSIENT (page 361).

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the derivation of transient and transitory? 2. How does transient differ in signification from transitory? 3. What is the distinctive meaning of temporary? 4. From what is ephemeral derived, and with what sense? 5. How does ephemeral differ from transient or transitory? 6. What does ephemeral suggest besides brevity of time? 7. What is the derivation and meaning of fugitive? 8. What is the distinctive meaning of evanescent?

Mirth is short and

EXAMPLES.

cheerfulness fixed and permanent.

Neither gratitude nor revenge had any share in determining his [Charles II.'s] course; for never was there a mind on which both services and injuries left such faint

and

A

impressions.

chairman is commonly appointed at the opening of a meeting to conduct proceedings till a permanent presiding officer shall be elected.

UNION (page 362).
QUESTIONS.

1. What is unity? 2. What is union? 3. How are unity and union contrasted? 4. When may unity be predicated of that which is made up of parts.

EXAMPLES.

Behold how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in Out of the of Roman and Teutonic elements arose the modern world of

Europe.

UTILITY (page 363).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what is utility derived, and what is its primary meaning? 2. How is utility discriminated from use and usefulness? 3. What is the derivation and primary meaning of expediency? 4. How are expediency and utility used as regards moral action? Which is the inferior word in such use? 5. How does policy in such use compare with expediency and utility?

Principle is ever my motto, not

EXAMPLES.

Two words form the key of the Baconian doctrine,

and progress. The

ancient philosophy disdained to be useful, and was content to be stationary.

507

Justice itself is the great standing

veneration

of civil society, and any departure from

it, under any circumstances, rests under the suspicion of being no ———

at all.

in all its modifications is are not moral conceptions,

The fundamental objection to the doctrine of that taken by Dr. Reid, viz., "that agreeableness and nor have they any connection with morality. What a man does merely because it is agreeable is not virtue."

VACANT (page 363).
QUESTIONS.

1. What is the meaning of empty? of vacant? 2. To what does vacant especially refer? 3. What is the difference between an empty house and a vacant house? 4. What is the difference in dignity between the two words? 5. What is the significance of void and devoid? 6. What does waste imply? 7. In what sense is vacuous used?

1. From what is venal derived, and with what meaning? mercenary? hireling? 2. How are mercenary and venal discriminated from hireling ?

EXAMPLES.

The closing quarter of the nineteenth century may be termed the

era of

American politics. Never before has legislation been so universally, so unscrupu lously, and unblushingly for sale.

The body of Greeks, immortalized under the name of the Ten Thousand, though embarking on a foreign

service, were by no means outcasts, or even

men of extreme poverty.

It is not the hire, but the working only for the hire that makes the

VENERATION (page 366).

QUESTIONS.

1. By what qualities is awe inspired? 2. What elements are present and what lacking in awe? 3. What is dread and by what aroused? 4. How do reverence and veneration differ from awe or dread? 5. How does adoration compare with veneration?

virtue

508

VENIAL (page 367).

QUESTIONS.

1. From what is venial derived, and what does it signify? 2. How does venial compare with pardonable? 3. How does excusable differ from the above words! 4. What very different word is sometimes confounded with venial?

EXAMPLES.

Theft on the part of a starving man is one of the most

Under all the circumstances, the error was

VERACITY (page 367).

QUESTIONS.

of offenses.

1. Do truth and verity apply to thought and speech or to persons? 2. To what does veracity apply? truthfulness? 3. Into what two classes may the words in this group of synonyms be divided, and what words will be found in each class?

EXAMPLES.

On a certain confidence in the of mankind is founded so much of the knowledge on which we constantly depend, that, without it, the whole system of human things would go into confusion.

1. What is the prominent idea in virtue? 2. How does goodness differ from virtue? 3. Of what relations are honesty and probity used? 4. How is honesty used in a sense higher than the commercial? 5. What, in the full sense, is integrity? 6. What is honor? 7. What is purity? duty? 8. What do rectitude and righteousness denote ? 9. To what does uprightness especially refer? 10. What is virtuousness?

EXAMPLES.

is the fruit of exertion; it supposes conquest of temptation.

In seeing that a thing is right, we see at the same time that it is our to do it.

It is true that

there is no real.

is the best policy; but if this be the motive of honest dealing,

Where is that chastity of — that felt a stain like a wound?