these my last years. Our destination is to learn how to know the true God, to strive against evil. In the world we only find anxiety. Oh! that we may all find peace with him! To his care and protection I commend you. May he raise you up to joy that cannot suffer from earthly disturbance! In all tempests, cling to the land of our fathers! Lead your little ones, to whom I would so gladly have been the friend and guide, to our highest mountains: let them there, upon elevated altars, consecrate themselves to the service of mankind!

"In joyful reliance upon thee, eternal God! I leave my country. May thy blessings flow upon the striving number of the nation who appreciate thy goodness; who, for the advantage of man、 kind, courageously hold up thy image on earth. "The last and best preservation consists in the sword: then press the spear to the true heart, for that is the only way to German freedom!

Adieu!

"From your ever united son, affectionate friend, and brother,

"CHARLES LOUIS SAND."

Written at Jena, in the beginning of March, 1819.

EXTRACT, &c.

Alluded to in p. 35.

of 1815.

"The Tugenbund, or Union of Virtue," formed with the most patriotic design in the Prussian states, included many young men, who, though they returned to their studies, could not forget the military life, or those ideas of public liberty, engendered during their absence in the campaigns The heads of this association, all of whom considered themselves as the restorers of German independence, soon formed connections with each other in the different universities, The tournament or gymnastic exercise, conducted on a military principle, and first suggested by Professor Jahn,* at Berlin, soon extended all over the confederation, and was considered by its advocates as eminently calculated to promote the revival of public spirit, and establish a greater share of li

* This celebrated man has justly been consigned to one of the Prussian fortresses, together with many others.-ED.

berty in Germany. The potentates assembled at the congress of Vienna had promised their people constitutions, and the abolition of all abuses, because their people were then wanted to aid them in their plans; but no sooner had the victory been gained, and the day of peril passed over, than those promises were forgotten! As might be expected, this greatly incensed the students, nearly all of whom had taken up arms, and marched, equipped at their own expence, to co-operate with the combined armies in 1815. Requisitions were in consequence sent from Jena to all the other German universities, to send deputies, for the purpose of celebrating the anniversary of the deliverance of Germany, in 1813. They were to meet at the Castle of Wartburg on the 18th of October, 1817, when it was also proposed to celebrate the third centenary of the reformation, and about five hundred students did assemble. After the festival a general union of all the universities was formed, under the name of Burschenschaft. The members present took the sacrament, engaging faithfully to support the rights of the society, and to persevere. It is supposed that the disturbance which took place at Gottingen in the summer of 1818, had some connection with this association. Kotzebue, who lived at Weimar at this period, and as the recognized diplomatic agent of Russia, sent half yearly reports on the state of

German literature and politics, to the Emperor Alexander, while he published a weekly journal in the same city. In this, as well as his reports, he declared himself decidedly hostile to the political tendency of the students. But when the circumstance of his disapprobation become apparent, by the discovery and subsequent publication of a report intended for the Emperor his master, he was thenceforth regarded as an apostate and traitor to the cause of German liberty. Amongst others, Professor Oken, editor of a journal called the Isis, at Jena, loaded him with invective and ridicule, till at length, the imperial Counsellor, not thinking himself safe at Weimar, removed to Manheim, where, however, he still continued to publish his paper, violently attacking the proceedings of the Tourneyers [as they are styled] and Burschenschaft. When at the congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, where the HOLY ALLIANCE met, in October, the Russian agent Stourdza, a Greek and private secretary of Alexander, received a commission to draw up from documents and papers presented to the autocrat, by a German Court, his pamphlet entitled "Etat actuel de l'Allemagne,” in which the universities are represented as being without subordination or discipline, the book was highly applauded by Kotzebue in his journal. This compilation of calumny and falsehood, which sounds the alarm of fire, if there is but an appearance of smoke, tended

greatly to increase the irritation already created in the minds of the students, wherever the abovenamed association had taken root. As to Stourdza, he soon found it necessary to change his place of abode, and after retiring to Dresden, finally left Germany for St. Petersburg, well knowing he had every reason to expect the resentment of the enemies he had thus made. When challenged for his strictures on the universities, by two young noblemen then studying at Jena, he refused to meet them, alledging in a letter to the Grand Duke of Weimar, that, as private secretary of the Emperor Alexander, he had only obeyed his imperial majesty's orders. The whole displeasure of the enraged students, was now directed against Kotzebue, who soon fell a victim to his imprudence."