1. Those, from whom the civic rights are withdrawn, either according to provision of the Constitution, or by penal judgment, during the appointed period.

2. Those who are in confinement either as punishment or for trial.

3. Those who are under guardianship, as well as those who have been declared of unsound mind by the proper authority, so long as the guardianship lasts, or the recovery of those disordered in mind has not been declared.

4. Those whose property has been seized under bankruptcy, until they are free from all the claims of their creditors.

XXXII. Those only are eligible to the corporation who are entitled to the suffrage, are full 30 years of age, and have possessed civic rights in town or country for at least 3 years.

XXXIII. No member of the corporation can undertake valid engagements with his constituents in regard to his conduct therein; nor can any binding instructions be given to a member of the corporation by his constituents.

XXXIV. Every one elected to the corporation is bound to accept the post, on pain of losing his civic rights in the State, and the right of carrying on any civic trade in the city or territory for the space of the next 10 years. Exemption from this inability, as well as the retirement of an actual member of the corporation can, without prejudice to the provisions contained in Articles XXXV and XXXVI, only be obtained by resolution of the corporation.

XXXV. Members of the Senate cannot be elected to the corporation. Former members of the Senate are eligible, but may decline the election.

XXXVI. Paid public officials whose exclusive avocation consists in the functions of their office or service, are not eligible to the corporation. Judges learned in the law, clergymen of all persuasions, and professors of the gymnasium are excepted from this enactment when they satisfy the requirements of Article XXXII. But clergymen and professors of the gymnasium have the right of declining the election.

XXXVII. The corporation decides upon the validity of the elections.

XXXVIII. The members of the corporation are elected for 6 years. Half of them retire every 3 years, whether elected by general suffrage, by the landed proprietors, or by the courts, deputations, colleges, or elders.

XXXIX. The members retiring from the corporation in accordance with Article XXXVIII can be re-elected.

XL. The Senate will order the new elections 6 weeks before the partial renewal of the corporation (Article XXXVIII).

XLI. On the partial renewal of the corporation, as enactea Article XXXVIII, the Senate is bound to convene the corporation within 8 days from the commencement of the period of renewal and completion of the new elections.

On the day that the partially renewed corporation assembles the functions of the previous corporation cease.

XLII. A member of the corporation who loses his eligibility retires from the corporation. The members elected by the courts, deputations, colleges, and elders retire as soon as they give up the office by virtue of which they are members of the corporation.

XLIII. When vacancies occur the Senate orders the new elec tion, which is only for the remainder of the time for which the late member was elected. On vacancies among the members elected by general suffrage and by the landed proprietors, occurring in the last six months before the regular partial renewal of the corporation (Article XXXVIII), the new elections may be put off for a time if the Senate and corporation be of the same mind thereon.

XLIV. The members of the corporation serve gratuitously. XLV. The corporation may pass resolutions when more than 100 members are present. The business regulations determine as to the competency for fixing the time of sitting, order of the day, and other questions relating to the proceedings.

XLVI. The sittings of the corporation are public. By way of exception, the corporation assembles in secret session at the request of at least 10 members, or of the Senate, and then after hearing the motion for which the secret sitting has been requested, it decides whether the sitting for the proceeding on the matter in question shall continue a secret one.

A motion of the Senate for a secret sitting must, when it relates to foreign affairs, be at once acceded to by the corporation. The sittings are also secret, by way of exception, when the Civic Committee accedes to the Senate's motion for a secret sitting from considerations of delicacy or state welfare.

XLVII. The business regulations determine the manner of voting in the corporation; but the voting must be secret in case at least 10 members require it.

XLVIII. No member of the corporation can be made accountable to the State for his speeches or votes in the corporation or its committees.

The corporation has to proceed against its members by way of discipline and in accordance with the business regulations, for nonfulfilment of duties or breaches of order.

XLIX. A copy of the report of the corporation's proceedings is to be communicated to the Senate as soon as possible.

L. The corporation is convened through its chancery:

1. On the order of the Senate;

2. On the resolution of the Civic Committee;

3. When more than full 3 months have elapsed since its last sitting, on the requisition of at least 14 members addressed to the President of the corporation.

In the cases 2 and 3 the order of the day is to be communicated to the Senate two working-days before the sitting.

LI. The committees chosen by the corporation may apply direct to the Senate for information required in the preparation of legislative work; they have, however, also the right of requiring such information from every State official to the same extent as he is bound to furnish it to the public administrative authorities, and in so far as no special official obligations stand in the way.

LII. The corporation elects for all the administrative boards such members as are not deputed by another college, from a selection of 3 persons for each vacant place, to be submitted by the administrative college concerned. The members of the Senate belonging to the respective administrative boards take no part in the selection of persons.

In public charitable foundations the previous mode of election is adhered to.

LIII. With regard to the constitutional participation of the corporation in enforcing the responsibility of the members of the Senate and of the authorities to the State, that no violation of the Constitution or of the laws of recognized validity take place through their official conduct; as also with regard to the extent of that responsibility and the competent courts in such cases, the particulars are to be determined by a law.

In votes upon questions of control or responsibility any members of the administrative deputation concerned, sitting in the corporation and affected by such questions, or any officials sitting therein and affected thereby, take no part.

SECTION 4.-The Civic Committee (Bürger-Ausschuss).

LIV. The corporation elects from its own body the Civic Committee consisting of 20 members, of whom, however, only 5 must be lawyers.

LV. Those members of the committee who retire from the corporation also leave the committee, and are replaced by a new election; but in case of their being re-elected to the corporation they can also be again elected to the Civic Committee.

LVI. The members elected to the Civic Committee are, unless excused by the corporation, bound to accept the election and to discharge the duties of the office until their retirement from the corporation; with the exception of those who are members of a

court of justice or of the finance deputation. The non-fulfilment of this obligation has the same consequences as in election to the corporation (Article XXXIV).

LVII. The Civic Committee is summoned by its presidents or by the Senate

LVIII. The Civic Committee may pass resolutions so soon as at least 12 members are present.

LIX. The sittings of the Civic Committee are not public.
LX. The Civic Committee is competent:

1. To give its joint sanction, on the proposition of the Senate, to extraordinary expenses not inserted in the budget, to the total amount allowed in the budget for unforeseen expenses; also to such alienations of the State property, not in the regular way of the administration, as do not exceed the sum of 3,000 marks banco;

2. To give its joint sanction in urgent cases to legal dispositions of slight importance, pending the subsequent assent of the corporation;

3. To require information from the Senate on State affairs; the corresponding obligation of the Senate suffers an exception in pending negotiations on foreign affairs;

4. To cause the convocation of the corporation;

5. The Civic Committee is bound to watch over the upholding of the Constitution and of the enactments bearing upon public law. The Civic Committee has to bring any violations thereof, if applications to the Senate have not already satisfactorily disposed of them, before the corporation for consideration and for the eventual adoption of further measures in the manner prescribed for the proceedings of the Legislature.

SECTION 5.- The Legislation.

LXI. The legislation depends on the concurrent resolution of the Senate and the corporation.

The right of proposal belongs both to the Senate and corporation.

The Senate promulgates the laws, executes them, and issues the necessary ordinances for carrying them out.

LXII. The following are specially subjects of legislation:

The enactment, authentic interpretation, amendment and repeal of laws upon matters of public and private right;

The establishment or amendment of the business regulations of the Senate, the corporation, and the Civic Committee;

The imposition, prolongation, alteration or repeal of taxes and duties;

The raising of State loans;

The alienation of State property, which does not already lie in

the regular course of the administration (without prejudice to the provision of Art. LX, 1);

The regulation of boundaries;

The granting of exclusive privileges;

The expropriation of private property;

The approval of the total and the items of the estimates of the whole income and expenditure of the State for the next year, which the Senate has to submit to the corporation with the particulars; likewise of any supplementary grants;

The ratification of Treaties of Commerce, and of other State Treaties.

LXIII. After the expiration of each financial year the Senate has to submit, as soon as possible, the accounts of the receipts and expenditure for the preceding year to the corporation for exami

nation.

LXIII. The assembling of the Senate and of the corporation may take place independently of each other.

The reciprocal official communications are made in writing; in so far as they are intended for discussion in public assembly of the corporation, they are, as a rule, printed.

The Senate can, when it thinks fit, depute Commissioners appointed from its own body or otherwise, to the meetings of the corporation, who are then entitled to take part in the discussions, and to whom at their request the right of speaking is always to be granted. On the other hand the Senate is bound, at the desire of the corporation, to depute Commissioners to give information on a special subject to be previously defined; but the Senate's Commissioners have a right to put off the required information to a later meeting of the corporation. The required information may be given by word of mouth or in writing, as the Senate may think fit. The corresponding obligation of the Senate suffers an exception in regard to pending negotiations on foreign affairs.

LXV. In the preparation of the motions to be brought before the corporation the Senate will, as far as possible, consult the respective administrative deputations.

LXVI. When a motion is made by one or more members of the corporation relative to a matter to be brought before the Senate by the corporation, the latter has, after the Civic Committee has given its opinion, to decide whether the motion is to be taken into consideration.

There is no proceeding on the question of taking into consideration, when the Senate makes propositions to the corporation.

LXVII. The corporation may submit a proposal which it has resolved to take into consideration, or which has been sent to it from