Rogers, George H., assemblyman in 1869,
speaker, and remarks on assuming chair, IV,
425; great satisfaction with rejection by leg-
islature of fifteenth amendment to United
States constitution, 430, 431, 440; state sena-
tor in 1875," Rogers' act" authorizing San
Francisco to provide public water-works,
opposition to, by San Francisco, and repeal
of, in 1880, 572; resolutions in 1878 against
timber and desert land acts of congress, 588;
repeal of "Rogers' act," 652.
Rogers, Dr. William H., part in San Francisco
vigilance committee of 1856, III, 569, 626.
Rogers, William, sheriff of El Dorado county,
part in "El Dorado Expedition against In-
dians, III, 901.

Rogers, Woodes, voyage of (for particulars,
see Contents, I, xi, xii), 102-III.
Rogue river Indians, chastised in 1851 by Ma-
jor Kenney, III, 905.

Roland, John, arrival in 1839, II, 281; joins in
abuse of José Castro in 1846, 412.

Rolfe, Horace C., member of constitutional con-
vention of 1878-9, in favor of woman suffrage,
IV, 625.

Rollins' Pacific railroad bill before congress in
1862, IV, 460.

Roman Catholic religion-see Religion, Roman
Catholic.

Roman, Richard, elected state treasurer in
1849, II, 789; assignee in insolvency of Adams
& Co., III, 449; efforts as United States con-
sul at Guaymas in 1854 to save life of Raous-
set-Boulbon and followers, 754; candidate for
lieutenant-governor, in 18;9, IV, 63.
Romanzoff, Russian name of Bodega, II, 288.
Rome, transport ship, arrival in 1849, II, 699.
Romero, José, ordered to lead Mazatlan troops
homeward in 1825, II, 78.

Romero, Mariano, defender of Los Angeles
vigilance committee leaders in 1836, and
quarrel with Governor Chico, II, 223, 226,

227.

Romero, minister of Mexico, paper on forestry,
regulations of 1845, II, 364.

Romeu, José Antonio, fifth Spanish governor of
the Californias, campaign against Yuma In-
dians in 1782, 1, 432; succeeds Pedro Fages
as governor in 1790, orders new missions,
460, 537; appointment as governor, journey
to Monterey, accession to office, and ill
health, 545; council of officers to provide for
government in case of his death, 546; death,
and respect paid his family, 547, 548.
Roney, Frank, part in split of Workingmen's
party movement in 1878, IV, 613.
Roop, Isaac, project for making "Territory of
Nataqua' out of Honey Lake country, and
ambitious schemes, IV, 191, 192; subsequent
proposed "Territory of Nevada," of which
he was to be governor, 192,

Rosa, Indian woman of San Luis Obispo, sen-
tence of, for complicity in murder of Kebecca,
wife of Silberio, 1, 600.

Rosario, Arroyo de Barrabas 6 del, boundary
in 1806 between Alta and Lower California, I,

war, IV, 307, 319, 359-362; candidate for gov-
ernor in 1867, but withdraws, 408; elected to
congress in 1880, 658; re-elected in 1882, 668.
Rose, John, arrival in 1839, II, 281.

Rose, José de la, alleged Mexican grant to, of
fifty square leagues of land in Solano county,
pronounced fraudulent, III, 701.

Rose's Corral, mining settlement in 1848, III, 84.
Rose, Texan, killed by Indians at Big Oak Flat,
III, 129, 130.

Rosiere, Jules, trading post at Boston Ravine,
III, 86.

Ross, Captain, Kanaka of Kanaka Creek, III,
98.

Ross, Charles L., part in San Francisco vigi-
lance committee of 1851, I., 316.

Ross, Erskine M., elected justice of supreme
court in 1879, IV, 645; resignation in 1886,
701.

Ross, Fort, built by Russians, situation of, i,
499; Alexander Koskoif, Russian coman-
dante of, in 1816, 627; Governor Sola's suspi-
cions of, and designs against, 641, 642; com-
plaints of Father Gutierrez of San Francisco
Solano mission against, in 1833, II, 171, 172;
Governor Figueroa's action, 172-174; Mari-
ano G. Vallejo's report about, and descrip-
tion of mills, ship-building, vessels, manu-
factures, population, and buildings, 176;
complaints of Father Mercado of San Rafael
mission against, and how Figueroa put a
quietus upon his clamor, 176; comfortable
quarters of comandante, 286; new growth of
redwood forests back of, 288.

Ross, William E., wounded by Wintoon In-
dians in 1858, III, 918.

Rotschoff, Heléne de, wife of Russian coman-
dante, how her saint's day was celebrated at
Knebnikoff in 1841, II, 507, 508.

Rough and Ready, mining town, III, 82; Com-
pany, 84; vigilance committee of, 279, 280;
Brundage's State of, 280.

Round Valley, Mendocino county, alleged In-
dian depredations at, in 1860, manner in
which Indians were treated, IV, 263–265.
Rouset de Jesus, Father Francisco-see Jesus,
Father Francisco Rouset de.

Roussillon, Carlos, lawsuit with Isaac Graham

before Alcalde Walter Colton at Monterey,
first trial by jury, II, 590, 591.

Rover, American schooner, arrival in 1822, II,
72; purchase and employment of, by Gover
nor Argüello, 73.

Rowan, James, captain of American ship
Eliza, not allowed to remain in California in
1799, 1, 620.

Rowan, Lieutenant, with Commodore Stock-
ton at San Diego in December, 1846, H, 619;
wounded on march to Los Angeles, 622.
Rowe, E. A., opposition to San Francisco vigi-
lance committee of 1856, lil, 568; connection
with Henry Bates, defaulting state treasurer,
in 1856, 602; proceedings against, for con-
tempt in refusing to answer questions, 663;
president of Pacific Express Company, and
alleged corrupt combination with Bates and
George W. Whitman, state controller, IV,
199; indictment by Sacramento grand jury,

pedition of schooner J. M. Chapman in 1863,
IV, 343-346; how pardoned, after conviction
and sentence, by President Lincoln, 346.
Rubio, Francisco, execution of, at San Fran-
cisco in 1831 for murder, II, 132.
Ruddle, Albert, murdered by Joaquin Murieta
in 1853, III, 716.

Rufus, Ernest, arrival in 1841, II, 331; alleged
Mexican grant to, of four square leagues
of land in Sacramento county, pronounced
fraudulent, III, 701.

Ruiz, Francisco Maria, comandante of San
Diego, swears to independence and empire
of Mexico in 1822, II, 44.

Ruiz, Toribio, roving mason, "enamored of
the country," in 1792 works on improvements
at Fort Point in San Francisco, I, 551, 552.
Rurick, Russian ship, at San Francisco in 1816,
I, 627.

Rushes, mining, III, 150-158.

Russell, Horace A., witness against David S.

Terry before San Francisco vigilance com-
mittee of 1856, III, 590.

Russell, Joel, candidate for governor in 1886,
IV, 703, 795.

Russell, Majors & Co., established "pony ex-
press" in 1860, IV, 267.

Russell, William H., peace commissioner at
Cahuenga in January, 1847, II, 622,
Russ House in San Francisco, ÍV, 290.
Russian-American Commercial Company, and
its traffic in ice, III, 432, 433.
Russian-American Company, how its ships
wintered and traded in California, II, 71;
disputes and contract with Hudson's Bay
Company, 403.

Russian Hill in San Francisco, III, 429.
Russian river, and old names of San Sebastian,
and Slawianska, II, 288; its drainage, 535,

539.

Russians in California, why came, and how
established themselves, 1, 493, 494; San
Rafael mission founded as barrier against,
494; their progress as Spanish power de-
clined, 495; San Francisco Solano mission
founded as additional barrier against, 496-
499; not altogether undesirable neighbors
to Californians, 499; M. de Résanofi's visit
in 1806, betrothal to Concepcion Argüello,
sad fate, and extensive plans, 623-625.

Settlements at Bodega in 1812, extent and
enormous profits of hunting in, and trade
with, California, 1, 626; Kotzebue's visit,
conference with Governor Sola, jealousy,
suspicions, and early projects of Sola, 627,
641, 642; Sola's subsequent reply to com-
plaints about trading with, 661, 662; how
Russian governor of New Archangel sent
present to Sola in 1820, and trade continued,
II, 71; Argüello's arrangements with, about
furs, and results, 73, 81; marriage of Russian
José Bolcoff with Cándida Castro and set-
tlement, 74.

Echeandia ordered to watch, II, 82; Vic-
toria's instructions in reference to, 126;
Figueroa's instructions, 161; Father Gutier
rez of San Francisco Solano makes loud
complaints about, and Figueroa's action,
171-174; Mariano G. Vallejo's report on set-
tlements at Fort Ross and neighborhood,
their mills, ship building, vessels, manufac-
tures, population, and houses, 175; general
character of, in California, 175, 176; decline
of alarm about Russians, Father Mercado
at San Rafael attempts to revive it, and
Figueroa's quietus to clamor, 176; final de-
parture of, in 1842, 285-288; their establish-
ment at Yerba Buena, 593.

Ryan, Arabella (Belle Cora), III, 515, 516.
Ryan, Lawrence, associate judge of San Fran-
cisco court of sessions, III, 521, 636.

Ryan, William R., account of Governor Mason,
II, 677; of how Indians made purchases in
mines, III, 897.

Rykman, Robert, arrival in 1841, II, 331.
Ryland, Caius T, assemblyman in 1855, report
on passes over Sierra Nevada, IV, 169.

SAAVEDRA CERON, ALVARO DE, voyage,
I, 41, 80.

Sacalanes Indians, on east side of San Fran-
cisco bay, 1, 570; expedition against, by
Sergeant Pedro Amador from San José mis-
sion in 1797, 736, 737.

Sacks for grain, Grangers' proposition to use
state prison labor to manufacture, IV, 518;
Governor Pacheco on production of, 648.
Sacramento, city, successor to Sutter's Fort
or New Helvetia, how laid out in 1848, and
progress, H, 733, 731; first charter, 802;
population in 1850, III, 44; distributing cen-
ter of Northern Mines, 107; sympathy with
San Francisco vigilance committee of 1856,
713, 714; conference of citizens with com-
mittee, 563, 564.

How settled in 1848 and 1849, III, 669, 670;
squatter riot of 1850, 670-677; legislature
removed to, from Vallejo for session of 1852,
IV, 94, 95; question of capital at, involved
in David C. Broderick's struggle to become
United States senator in 1854, 149; seat of
government removed to, made permanent
capital, and removal of session of legislature
of 1854 from Benicia to, 149.

First acts for erection of capitol at, IV,
189, 265, 266; legislature of 1862 removed to
San Francisco on account of flood, 295;
Union county convention at, in 1865, 394,
395; occupation of capitol by legislature of
1869-70, description of building, 424, 425;
acts granting rights to Central Pacific Rail-
road Company in, 467, 468; scheme of
Placerville and Sacramento Valley Railroad
Company to run line from Brighton to Free-
port, and cut Sacramento off, 481; contro-
versy about California Pacific railroad bridge
at, and result, 486, 487; “ 'governor's man-
sion" in, report on, in 1874, 532; act of 1878
appropriating money to Howard Benevolent
Society of, 591.

Sacramento County, name, II, 796; mining laws
of, III, 262; subsidy act for Central Pacific
Railroad Company, IV, 468, 469; controversy
with company, and sale of stock, 483, 484.
Sacramento, Placer and Nevada Railroad
Company authorized to sell out to Central
Pacific Railroad Company, IV, 468; pur-
chased and controlled by Central Pacific
Railroad Company, 481.

Sacramento river, discovered by Pedro Fages
and Father Crespi in 1772, 1, 388; general
description of, II, 538; said to have been
first called the Jesus Maria, 796; how early
passenger steamboats up and down met
at Benicia, III, 536; project in 1858 to turn
head-waters of Klamath river into, IV, 240;
Governor Booth vetoes bill allowing Central
Pacific Railroad Company to construct bridge
across, at Tehama without a draw, 510.
Sacramento Valley, general description of,
II, 533; extent, III, 872.
Sacramento Valley railroad, construction, em-
ployment of Theodore D. Judah as engineer,
and completion in spring of 1856, IV, 452

453; how it eventually fell into hands of
Central Pacific Railroad Company, 453; re-
port of Judah why it could not be used as
part of Central Pacific route, 465; its great
business in conjunction with stage and
wagon road to Virginia City in Nevada,
and opposition to Central Pacific railroad,
475; extension to Latrobe, Shingle Springs,
and Placerville, 475; scheme to run opposi-
tion to Central Pacific railroad, congres-
sional grant of land in its favor, failure to
cross Sierra Nevada, or accomplish any of
its objects, 481.

Saddle, old Californian, II, 489, 490.

Sagarra, José Eduardo, executed at Monterey
in 1831 for robbing warehouse of San Carlos
mission, II, 131.

Salaries, under "Plan de Gobierno" of 1824,
II, 57, 58; in 1828, 119; under "El Estado
libre y soberano de la Alta California," 232;
payment of, suspended in latter part of Gov-
ernor Alvarado's administration for want of
customs, 323; of school-teachers in Michel-
torena's time, 340; salaries in 1844, 341; of
judicial officers in 1845, 367; members of de-
partmental assembly unpaid in 1845, 390, 399,

400.

High salaries voted by common council of
San Francisco in 1850, III, 367, 368; under
San Francisco consolidation act, and Peo-
ple's party of 1856, 652, 653; Governor Big-
ler's recommendations in 1853 for reduction
of state, IV, 117; Downey in favor of, as
against fees, 275; Workingmen's party plat-
form on subject, 611; propositions in consti-
tutional convention of 1878-9 as to payment
of judges, 633; Grangers in 1886 demand
reduction of, 703.

Salazar, Father Alonzo, assists in founding
Santa Cruz mission, 1, 461, 462.

Salazar, José Tomas, his caravans from Santa
Fé to Los Angeles in 1839-40 and 1843, II,
330, 331; joins in abuse of José Castro in
1845, 412.

Salazar, Mariano, executed by William Walker
in Nicaragua for alleged treason, III, 798, 799.
Sal, Hermenegildo, ensign in 1791, assists in
founding Santa Cruz mission, 1, 461; minute
record of foundation, 462; instructions to
mission guard, 463; survey for San José
mission, 476; survey of site for San Juan
Bautista mission, 479; in command at San
Francisco in 1792, 546; Vancouver's praise
of, Point Sal named from, report on military
affairs in 1796, death, burial, and sketch of
his life, 609; part in arranging California
archives, II, 740; how he gave juridical pos-
session of Butron grant, 746.

Salinas, city, royal cattle ranch at, temporary
refuge from attack on Monterey by Buenos
Ayres insurgents in 1818, I, 652.

Salinas y Potrero Viejo, Las, land grant at
San Francisco, III, 381.

Salisbury, Edward J., witness against David S.
Terry before San Francisco vigilance com-
mittee of 1856, III, 590.

Salmon, II, 566; Governor Stoneman on de-
crease of, IV, 708.

Salmon river and mines, III, 139, 140; indis-
criminate slaughter of Indians on, prevented
in 1855 by United States captain Ulysses S.
Grant and others, 914, 915; Indian depreda-
tions on, in 1864, 934; work of Mountaineer
battalion on, 935.

Salmon-trout, speared by Jim Crow with crow-
bar at Jersey Flat, III, 93.

Saloschen. Alexander, part in Holden's Garden
troubles, ill, 284.

Sal, Point-see Point Sal.

Sal, Rafaela, first wife of Luis Antonio Argüello,
II, 55.

Salsonas Indians attack and kill San Francisco
Indians in 1776, 1, 406.

Salt, II, 550.

Salt Lake, Mormons of-see Mormons.

Salt marsh lands, Governor Bigler recom-
mends sale of, in 1856, IV, 179; act of 1868 for
sale of, in San Francisco, 423.

Salt-pits of Carmen Island, I, 265.
Salvatierra, Father Juan Maria, his work in
Lower California (for particulars, see Con-
tents, I, xiv, xv), 165-211.

San Agustin, ship, voyage and shipwreck, I,
131, 132; search for, by Viscaino, 142, 143;
first mention of San Francisco in connection
with loss of, 380.

San Aloysio, mission in Lower California, I,.

257.

San Andreas, mining town, III, 117.

San Andres Valley, near San Francisco, fol-
lowed by Portola's expedition in 1769, I, 384;
traversed and named by Rivera y Moncada
and Father Palou in 1774, 389.

San Antonio Creek and Oakland railroad
wharf, IV, 350.

San Antonio grant, in Los Angeles county, II,
749; in Alameda county, 749.

San Antonio, mining town in Lower California,
II, 94.

San Antonio mission, site of, how first seen and
appreciated, 1, 339; how founded by Jumpero
Serra, 340; rite of confirmation at, in 1781,
421; neophytes at, in 1783 and 1796, 454; neo-
phyte Macario of, confined at San Francisco
in 1794 for cruelly beating his wife, 583;
masses at, for soul of Governor Arrillaga, 630;
wheaten flour of, celebrated in 1815, 637;
place of refuge for families at attack on Mon-
terey by Buenos Ayres insurgents in 1818,
652; Father Sitjar's vocabulary of Indians of,
794; pueblo at, ordered by Governor Figue-
roa in 1834, II, 206; declared restored by
Micheltorena in 1843, 324; ordered to be
rented, after debts adjusted, in 1845. 382, 383.
San Antonio, ship, sails for California, I, 310;
voyage, 315; second arrival at San Diego,
324; supposed miracle connected with it,
325; third arrival at San Diego with ten new
missionaries, 336, 337; fourth arrival at San
Diego and Monterey, 345, 346, 348, 349; Diego
Choquet in command of, in 1775, 375, 376;
arrival in 1776 from San Blas with las
memorias del rey,' "398; Fathers Junípero
and Santa Maria embark on, in 1776, for
San Diego, 399.

San Bernardino, Indian outbreak at, in 1834, II,
194, 195; Indians rob chapel there of orna-
ments, 195.

San Bernardino mountain, I, 343, II, 536, 537.
San Bernardo, General Kearny's military oper-
ations and fight at, II, 613-616.

San Blas, proposed abandonment of port of, in
1773, 1, 353; how Junipero saved it, 356;
Buenos Ayres insurgents' attempt to take a
treasure ship near, and mistake they made,
656-658; troops of, under José Antonio Na-
varrete, in California, 658, 659, II, 78, 79;
their bad character, and result, 79.
San Bruno, Atondo and Kino at, I, 155-161.
San Bruno mountains, II, 536.

San Buenaventura mission, site passed by Por-
tola's expedition in 1769, 1, 326; Rivera y
Moncada ordered to recruit soldiers for, in
Sonora or Sinaloa, 423; arrival of recruits
at Colorado river, 428; led by Cayetano Li-
mon to San Gabriel, 429; foundation of, 435-

437; thought of abandonment, 439, 440;
Junipero's delight with its rapid progress,
443; neophytes at, in 1783 and 1796, 454;
Vancouver at, in 1793, 471; Vancouver's ac-
count of relations of Father Santa Maria with
neophytes, 472, 473; battle at, in 1837, II, 249;
declared restored by Micheltorena in 1843,
324; Father Duran's donation to Indians of,
382; ordered to be rented for nine years to
highest bidder in 1845, 382.

San Carlos mission, foundation at Monterey, I,
331; removal to Carmel river, 334; scenery
of new site, 335; Junipero at, when right to
confirm questioned by Governor Felipe de
Neve, from 1779 to 1781, 420; administers
confirmation at, in 1781, 421; Junipero's last
days, death, and burial at, 445-451; neo-
phytes at, in 1783 and 1796, 454; La Pérouse
at, 467-470; Vancouver at, 471-473; Lasuen's
labors, death, and burial at, 488, 489; Her-
menegildo Sal and Pedro de Alberni buried
in church of, 609; celebration at, in honor of
Governor Sola's arrival in 1815, Calvary and
"via crucis," 639, 640; José Simon Aguilar
and José Eduardo Sagarra executed in 1831
for robbing warehouse of, II, 131; under di-
rect control of government and not of in-
spector Hartnell in 1840, 301; recognized as
ruined in 1845, 379; declared a pueblo, and
all property, except church and appurte-
nances, ordered sold at auction in 1845, 380,
352.

San Carlos, fort on Lake Nicaragua at head of
San Juan river, repulse of Parker H. French
from, III, 777; taken by Sylvanus M. Spencer
for Costa Rica in 1856, 799, 800.
San Carlos, ship and cargo, sails for California
in 1769, 1, 309; voyage, 315; return to San
Blas, and voyage with twenty missionaries
for Loreto, 336, 337; again in service in 1775,
375; arrival in 1775 at Monterey under com-
mand of Juan de Ayala, 390; first ship to
enter the Golden Gate, August 5, 1775, 391;
arrival in 1776 with "las memorias del rey
and supplies for San Francisco, 398; sails for
San Francisco with supplies for foundation
of presidio and mission, 399; long voyage
and anchorage in Drake's bay, 401; sent to
Philippine Islands and left there, 585; new
ship San Carlos (“El Felipino ") lost at San
Francisco presidio in 1797, 585, 586.

San Carlos, steamboat on Lake Nicaragua, III,
800.

San Cayetano, Bolsa de, rancho of, in Santa
Barbara county, II, 749.

Sanchez, Father Francisco, missionary at Sol-
edad in 1793, I, 466.

Sanchez, Father Francisco Jesus, grant to, for
college of Santa Inéz in 1844, II, 340.
Sanchez, Father José, president of missions in
1830, 1, 505; member of Echeandia's convo-
cation at San Diego in 1826, II, 84; in favor
of republican constitution, 87; vicario for-
áneo and judge of ecclesiastical court of Cal-
ifornia, 120; how he had schooner Guada-
lupe built at San Gabriel by American Chap-
man about 1830, 156, 157; intelligence and
business ability, 522.

Sanchez, Francisco, capture of Lieutenant
Washington A. Bartlett at San Mateo in
December, 1846, II, 604; how obliged to sur-
render, give up his prisoner, and be himself
a prisoner on frigate Savannah, 605.
Sanchez, José Antonio, daughter of, married to
John J. Read, II, 277.

Sanchez, José, ensign, assists in selecting site
for and founding San Francisco Solano mis-
sion, I, 496-499; did not favor but took no part

against Solis rebels in 1829, II, 110; march
against San José and Santa Clara Indians,
117; joins in movements against Governor
Victoria in 1831, 137.

Sanchez, Vicente, member of territorial depu-
tation in 1830, II, 96; advocate, as alcalde of
Los Angeles in 1831, of Governor Victoria,
139; commissioner to treat with Michelto-
rena in 1845, 351; nominated fiscal of superior
tribunal of justice in 1845, 369.

Sancho, Father Juan Bautista, opposed to re-
publican constitution in 1827, II, 87.
Sancho Panza, Governor Borica compares him-
self to, 1, 559, 560.

San Clemente Island, I, 14, 540.

Sanctuary, right of, and quarrel about, at San
Diego in 1776, 1, 373; the Indian vanquech
as place of, 760, 761.

Sanders & Brenham, banking house of, III,
443.

Sanders, Beverly C., how he went to Russia to
impress the Muscovites, and his bon-mot,
III, 433-

Sanders, E. J., associated with William Walker
in Nicaragua, III, 802.

Sanderson, Silas W., assemblyman in 1863,
frustrates attempt to exclude E. J. C. Kewen
from legislature, IV, 334; dissenting opinion,
as chief justice of supreme court, on consti-
tutionality of "soldiers' vote" statute, 340;
his specific contract law of 1863, 346-318;
elected in 1863 justice of supreme court, 353;
re-elected justice of supreme court in 1865,

395.

San Diego, discovery of, by Cabrillo, I, 74; Vis-
caino at, 138, 139; arrival and union of pio-
neers of 1769 at, 314; Junipero's account of
bay, 316; settlement of, 317-325; Vancouver
at, in 1793, 471; condition of presidio in 1793,
551; battery built there by Alberto de Córdoba,
588; how Governor Borica ordered youth of,
to be educated, 595; condition of, in 1800, 608;
in 1806, 610; affair of American brig Lelia
Byrd, and how it passed guns of Point Gui-
jarros, 620, 621; condition in 1815, 640; arrival
at, in 1819, of one hundred Mazatlan soldiers
under Pablo de Portilla, 658; how Indians
near, imitated execution of Agustin I.,emperor
of Mexico, 734.

Francisco Maria Ruiz comandante of, in
1822, II, 44; arrival of Governor Echeandia
at, in 1825, 83; convocation of missionaries,
and result, 83-85; Echeandia's removal to
Monterey, weddings of Romualdo Pacheco
and Agustin V. Zamorano, 89, 90; trade at, in
1829, 98; Echeandia's return to, in 1831, 124;
movement and pronunciamiento against Gov-
ernor Victoria in 1831, 138, 139; meeting of
territorial deputation at, in 1832, 149-154;
school at, ordered by Governor Figueroa,
212; Micheltorena establishes school at, 340;
made a port of entry in 1845, 363; bay of, 539.

Held in 1816 by Lieutenant Minor against
insurrectionary Californians, II, 617; condition
of, at end of 1846, 617, 618; placed in command
of Lieutenant Philip St. George Cooke, 629;
made a port of delivery by congress in March,
1848, 706; pueblo claim of, allowed, 751; first
charter of, 802; Southern Pacific railroad of
California incorporated to run to, IV, 485.
San Diego mission, foundation, I, 318; uprising
of Indians, attack upon, and result, 319, 320;
removal of, to valley of San Diego river, 370;
second Indian outbreak, and destruction of,
370-372; march of Rivera y Moncada and
Anza to, 372; rebuilt by Junipero, 375, 377;
neophytes at, in 1783 and 1796, 454; a neophyte
attempts to poison missionary in 1811, 613;

olives of, celebrated in 1815, 637; Indians of,
espouse cause of Echeandia in 1833 against
Governor Figueroa and reasons therefor, 740;
Ylario Garcia, major-domo of, convicted of
flogging Indians so severely that one died, II,
177; Hartnell's visit to, as inspector of mis-
sions, in 1833, and report on, clamor of Indians
against administrator Ortega, 297; declared
restored by Micheltorena in 1843, 324; recog-
nized as ruined in 1845, 379; ordered to be
rented, after debts adjusted, in October, 1845,
382; attempt to give it away for debts, and
how it failed, 383.

San Dieguito, Indian pueblo, organized by Gov-
ernor Figueroa, II, 184; visit of Inspector
Hartnell to, in 1839, and Indian complaints
against Juan Osuna, alcalde of San Diego,
for driving them from their lands, 297.
"Sand-lots" of San Francisco, manufacture of
anti-Chinese thunder for, IV, 574, 575; Gov-
ernor Irwin on disturbances of, 583-585; agita-
tion of, mainspring of anti-Chinese move-
ments, 587; cries against capital and land
monopoly, 587; agitators assume name of
Workingmen's party-see Workingmen's
party.

San Domingo mission, founded by Dominicans
in Lower California, I, 553.,

Sandoval, Doña Josefa, wife of Governor Romeu,
1, 547, 548; return with her children to Mexico,
548.

Sandoval, Gonzalo de, first account of Califor-
nia, 1, 37.

Sand storms, II, 593.

Sandwich Islands-see Hawaiian Islands.

San Fernando de Vellicatá mission in Lower
California, foundation of, I, 311.

San Fernando, college of, in Mexico, I, 296;
approves Father Junipero's work, 440; unable
in 1784 to punish any more missionaries, 446;
Father Palou becomes guardian of, in 1786,
452; resumes work of spiritual conquest, 460;
failure to furnish missionaries in 1817, trans-
fer of half the missions to college of Orizaba,
501; its willingness in 1826 to relinquish charge
of temporalities of missions, I, 84.
San Fernando mission, site passed by Portolá's
expedition in 1769, 1, 326; selection of site,
place called Achois Comihabit by Indians
and Parage del Encino by Spaniards, 484;
foundation and progress, 484, 485; proposal in
1826 for Indian pueblo at, II, 84,91; complaint
of Indians against Antonio del Valle, bad
state of affairs in 1839, 297; illiterate Juan
Perez administrator and unreliable Mada-
riaga his secretary, 297; declared restored by
Micheltorena in 1843, 324; capitulation of
Micheltorena at, 354; story of misery at, by
Father Blas Ordaz, ordered rented for nine
years to highest bidder in October, 1845, 382.
San Fernando mountains, II, 537; pierced by
tunnel of Southern Pacific railroad, IV, 671.
San Francisco and North Pacific railroad, how
built from Tiburon to Ukiah with branches
to Guerneville and Glen Ellen, IV, 487.
San Francisco and San José railroad, what it
was, link in transcontinental line, subsidy
acts for, construction, completion in 1864, IV,
470, 471.

San Francisco bay, unknown until 1769, I, 381;
discovery of, circumstances, 383; survey by
Pedro Fages and Father Crespi in 1772, 387;
survey by Ayala and assistants in 1775, 391-
393; description by Ayala, 393; general de-
scription, II, 533, 534, 539.

San Francisco Blues, armory of, how taken by
San Francisco vigilance committee of 1856,
III, 829-833.

San Francisco de Asis-see St. Francis.
San Francisco de Borja mission in Lower Cali-
fornia, 1, 258.

San Francisco, city and county, march of Juan
Bautista de Anza with settlers from Sonora
for, I, 372, 373; unknown until 1769, 380; wreck
of San Agustin, Viscaino's search, Cabrera
Buena, 380; Governor Portolá's expedition in
search of Monterey, 381; discovery of, cir-
cumstances, 383; what St. Francis had to do
with discovery, 385; Spanish and Mexican
inappreciation of, 386; survey by Pedro Fages
and Father Crespi in 1772, orders of Viceroy
De Croix about, 387; new survey ordered by
Bucareli in 1774, expedition of Rivera y Mon-
cada and Father Palou in same year, 388;
Anza ordered to recruit settlers in Sonora
and Sinaloa for, 390; march from San Miguel
de Horcasitas, and arrival at Monterey, 394;
march from Monterey, 398; route and first
camp at, 399.

Preparations for presidio, I, 400; arrival of
San Carlos, work at presidio and mission,
401; formal foundation of presidio, September
17, 1776, 402; formal foundation of Mission
Dolores, October 9, 1776, 405; first visit of
Junipero to, 410; second visit of Junipero, 415;
third visit, 421; Junipero's fourth and last
visit, 443, Vancouver at, in 1792 and 1793,
471; defenseless condition in 1792, and how
Governor Arrillaga fortified Fort Point, work
of Toribio Ruiz, a roving mason, 550-552;
survey of neighborhood for new pueblos, 576;
bad condition in which Córdoba and Alberni
found it in 1796, 582; “el castillo" at Fort
Point, 583; repairs and improvements in 1796,
583-585; Black Point fortified in 1797, 585.

British ship Raccoon at, in 1814, 1, 622;
Governor Sola at, in 1818, 648; aborigines of,
731; how Luis Antonio Argüello, while coman-
dante of, built launch and navigated bay, and
result, II, 51-55; Argüello's departure from,
on becoming governor in 1822, 55; return to,
as comandante in 1826, 80; trade of, in 1829.
98; Captain Morrell at, in 1825, 98; Captain
Beechey at, in 1826, 98, 99; rumors of seizure
of, by Americans, 103, 104; Solis and rebels
at, in 1829, 110; Victoria visits, in 1831, 135;
Father Quijas' petition to have boundaries of
Mission Dolores fixed in 1834, how and why
denied, 185.

Yerba Buena, foundation of, II, 201; reasons
for foundation, description of site in 1829, 202;
how Governor Figueroa was founder of future
city of San Francisco, and William A. Rich-
ardson first settler, 203; "La Calle de la Fun-
dacion" original foundation street, 203, 204;
José Joaquin Estudillo's petition for land grant
in 1835, and what was done about it, 204; José
Antonio Galindo's petition for "Laguna de la
Merced" rancho, recognition of "Pueblo de
Dolores," 205; inventory of Mission Dolores
property in 1835, 208; Pueblo de Dolores rec-
ognized in 1835 by territorial deputation, 209;
Russian warehouse at, 286; Inspector Hart-
nell's proposed pueblo of San Francisco In-
dians at San Mateo, 304; question of pueblo or
no pueblo, no proper organization, 305; desire
of United States to possess, 317; Micheltorena
establishes school at, 340.

American flag raised at, July 8, 1846, II, 467,
468; preparations to defend it in case of attack
by British war-ship Juno, 573; name of Yerba
Buena changed to San Francisco by Alcalde
Bartlett, January 30, 1847, 597, 598; Governor
Kearny's grant of beach-and-water lots, 634;
Edwin Bryant succeeds Washington A. Bart-
lett as first alcalde, urges Kearny grant, and