o1 as in cross, loss, toss, moss, gone, trough, cough, wroth. 0 obey, opinion, oblige, omit, opine, ogee. 66 66 oo““ foot, good, book, cook, tʊʊk, wood, hood, nook. COMPOUND VOWEL SOUNDS. ī, as in īce, rīse, nice, high, mīce, pînt, fīre, pīne, kīnd. ои, ""house, out, pout, cloud, shout, rout, found. ог 66 voice, joint, foist, soil, oil, coin, loin, soil, moist. ū""mute, lūte, cure, pūre, fume, mule, muse, fūry. 66 k " 66 b6666 d" 66 PERFECT CONSONANTS. p as in pit, trip, pipe, shop, pop, pippin, pay, chop. t""toy, tack, hat, pet, test, putty, tick, mat, time. keep, keel, jerk, stick, kick, nick, leak, king. boy, by, bowl, rob, nob, bob, babble, nib, bay, mob. deep, day, mad, plod, did, dirk, shod, dark. g go, give, bag, drag, gag, dagger, plug, jug, sprig. m may, man, sham, ham, hammer, mar, moon, aim. n ""nun, nod, gun, fun, funny, clan, nail, ten, pan. sing, ring, bring, long, gong, strong, sting, prong. ng 66 66 66 66 66.66 66 66 PARTIAL CONSONANTS. w as in wet, wink, new, few, wit, wall, wilt, work, word. y yes, yawn, yard, yoke, you, yell, youth, yard. wh""why, when, what, which, whirl, whip, white. . h" "heat, hate, hast, hard, hurt, hall, hat, hen, hit, hot, hut, horn, wholly, hood. 66 66 l as in let, like, tell, fell, jelly, lily, pull, shall, loose. γ ran, road, far, mar, river, fire, spirit, ore, merit. f6666 fife, fun, loaf, chief, differ, staff, foil, fix, lift. "see, sip, yes, hats, sifts, massy, less, spine, us. sh" "shine, shop, hush, flesh, hasheesh, dish, cash, shelf. 1 See § 20 Webster's Dictionary: "Principles of Pronunciation." 66 66 th as in thin, thick, pith, path, thorn, oath, thump, cloth. v vain, voice, rave, love, vote, civil, view, void. 66 66 66 66 2 zone, zeal, graze, maze, dizzy, zest, zero, zinc. zh"" as represented by z and 8 in azure, grazier, meas ure, pleasure, treasure, hoosier, glazier, seizure. th as in thou, this, with, other, father, then, thine, these. ch (= tsh, or nearly) as in chill, child, rich, niche, chine. x (ks) as in tax, ox, expect, text, box, expert, expense. X (ksh) as in anxious, luxury, reflexion, noxious. j (= dzh, or nearly) as in jam, jar, just, jet, jaw, jest. x (= gz) as in exist, example, exert, exalt, exhort. (NOTE. Exercise on Consonants. (No. 1.) Make the consonants strong and full, and the vowels short and small. All of the elementary sounds are here represented.) B-ȧ-B, D-i-D,F-00-F, G-ǎ-G,H-oo-H, J-u-J, K-ĭ-K, L-Ŏ-L, M-a-M, N-oo-N, P-1-P, R-ō-R, S-ĕ-S, T-ă-T, V-ē-V, (ou) oi W-ä-W, Y-a-Y, Z-ŭ-Z, CH-ûr-CH, SH-ŭ-SH, TH-0-TH, TH-ô-TH, r-i-NG-i-NG, ā-ZH-ure, WH-ü-WH. (No. 2.) (NOTE. Each consonant is given after, and before, all the long vowels in turn. The direction given under Exercise No. 1 is equally applicable here. Exercise slowly, then rapidly, but distinctly.) ē-B, ā-B, ȧ-B, ä-B û-B, ṛ-B, ō-B, ōo-B, B-ē, B-ā, B-ȧ, B-ä, B-û, B-ạ, B-ō, B-ōo. ē-D, ā-D, ȧ-D, ä-D, û-D, a-D, ō-D, oo-D, D-ē, D-a, D-ȧ, D-ä, D-û, D-a, D-ō, D-00. ē-F, a-F, ȧ-F, ä-F, û-F, a-F, ō-F, 00-F, F-ē, F-ā, F-å, F-ä, F-û, F-ạ, F-ō, F-60. e-G, a-G, à-G, ä-G, û-G, a-G, ō-G, oo-G, G-ē, G-ā, G-ȧ, G-ä, G-û, G-ạ, G-ō, G-ōō. ê-H, a-H, ả-H, ä-H, âu-H, a-H, ô-H, oo-H, H-ē, H-ā, H-ȧ, H-ä, H-û, H-a, H-ō, H-ōo. ē-K, ā-K, ȧ-K, ä-K, û-K, a-K, ō-K, oo-K, K-ē, K-ā, K-ȧ, K-ä, K-û, K-a, K-ō, K-ōo. ē-L, ā-L, ȧ-L, ä-L, û-L, a-L, ō-L, σo-L, L-ē, L-ā, L-ȧ, L-ä, L-û, L-ạ, L-ō, L-ōō. e-M, a-M, ȧ-M, ä-M, û-M, a-M, ō-M, бo-M, M-ē, M-a, M-a, M-ä, M-û, M-a, M-ō, M-00. e-N, a-N, ȧ-N, ä-N, û-N, a-N, ō-N, oo-N, N-ē, N-a, N-ȧ, N-ä, N-û, N-ạ, N-ō, N-σo. ē-P, ā-P, ȧ-P, ä-P, û-P, ṛ-P, ō-P, ō0-P, P-ē, P-ā, P-a, P-ä, P-u, P-a, P-, P-oo. ē-R, ā-R, ȧ-R, ä-R, û-R, a-R, ō-R, oo-R, R-ē, R-ā, R-ȧ, R-ä, R-û, R-a, R-ō, R-σo. e-S, a-S, à-S, ä-S, û-S, a-S, ō-S, 00-S, S-ē, S-a, S-a, S-ä, S-û, S-a, S-ō, S-oo. e-T, ā-T, å-T, ä-T, âu-T, a-T, ô-T, 0o-T, T-ē, T-ā, T-i, T-ä, T-u, T-a, T-0, T-00. ē-V, a-V, ȧ-V, ä-V, û-V, a-V, ō-V, oo-V, V-ē, V-a, V-ȧ, V-ä, V-û, V-a, V-ō, V-oo. W-ē, W-a, W-a, W-ä, W-û, W-a, W-ō, W-oo. Y-ē, Y-ā, Y-ȧ, Y-ä, Y-û, Y-ạ, Y-ō, Y-ōo. ē-Z, ā-Z, ȧ-Z, ä-Z, û-Z, a-Z, ō-Z, ōo-Z, Z-ē, Z-ā, Z-ȧ, Z-ä, Z-û, Z-a, Z-ō, Z-oo. e-NG, ā-NG, ả-NG, ä-NG, u-NG, a-NG, NG, 00-NG. e-SH, ā-SH, ȧ-SH, ä-SH, û-SH, a-SH, ō-SH, 00-SH, SH-ē, SH-ā, SH-ȧ, SH-ä, SH-û, SH-a, SH-ō, SH-00. ē-ZH, ā-ZH, ȧ-ZH, ä-ZH, û-ZH, a-ZH, ō-ZH, oo-ZH, ZH-ē, ZH-ā, ZH-ả, ZH-ä, ZH-û, ZH-ạ, ZH-ō, ZH-ōo. e-TH, ā-TH, å-TH, ä-TH, â-TH, a-TH, Ā-TH, 00-TH, TH-ẽ, TH-ā, TH-ä, TH-ä, TH-Î, TH-ạ, TH-O, TH-00. ê-TH, ā-TH, ả-TH, ä-TH, u-TH, a-TH, ò-TH, 00-TH, TH-, TH-ā, TH-ä, THI-ä, TH-, TH-a, TH-5, TH-00. WH-ē, WH-ā, WH-ả, WH-ä, WH-û, WH-ạ, WH-ō, WH-00. ē-CH, ā-CH, ȧ-CH, ä-CH, û-CH, a-CH, ō-CH, σ0-CH, CH-ā, CH-ẽ, CH-å, CH-ä, CH-uu, CH-ạ, CH-5, CH-00. ē-J, ā-J, ȧ-J, ä-J, û-J, ṛ-J, ō-J, ō0-J, J-ẽ, J-ā, J-å, J-ä, J-u, J-a, J-0, J-00. DIFFICULT COMBINATIONS OF CONSONANTS. Careful drill on the following combinations of consonants will be found invaluable as an aid to the distinct articulation of the consonant sounds, an attainment of the highest importance to good reading. The lists of words, as also the range of combinations, may be extended according to the judgment of the teacher. The pupil should give, first, the sounds by themselves, then the words, then the sentence. Careful repetition will at last secure the correct sounds, when the sentence is spoken at an ordinary rate. The pupil must never stop short of this test of excellence. B,d,s,t.-robb'dst, bobb'dst, stabb'dst, prob'dst. Thou robb'dst and stabb'dst and ran away. Bl,d,st. trembl'dst, nibbl'dst, hobbl'dst, babbl'dst. Then thou babbl'dst and trembl'dst, and hobbl'dst home. Dl,d,s,t. — paddl'dst, fiddl'dst, handl'dst, cuddl'dst. Thou fondl'dst the colt, and bridl'dst the horse. D,n,d.— sadd'n'd, gladd'n'd, madd'n'd, burd'n'd. For we are sadd'n'd while you are gladd'n'd, and they are madd'n'd. D,zh,d.cag'd, lodg'd, wedg'd, judg'd. The birds were fledg'd before they were cag'd. Tell me how thou baffl'dst thine enemy and rifl'dst him, F,t,s,t. — drift'st, waft'st, sift'st, lift'st. Thou lift'st the veil, and waft'st the perfume o'er us. G,d,s,t. digg'dst, begg'dst, lagg'dst, dragg'dst. Thou bragg'dst of thy power and then thou begg'dst for aid. Gl,d,s,t.higgl'dst, joggl'dst, giggl'dst, struggl'dst. In vain thou struggl'dst against fortune. Kl,d,s,t. cackl'dst, buckl'dst, hackl'dst, circl'dst. Thou buckl'dst on thy armor, and circl'dst o'er the plain. Kn,d,s,t.weak'n'dst, black'n'dst, heark'n'dst. If thou heark'n'dst not, thou weak'n'dst him. Henry the sixth sends thee a welcome. K,t,s,t.act'st, pack' dst, smack'dst, crack'dst. Still thou act'st a noble part. L,d,zh,d. — indulg'd, bilg'd. They indulg'd their whims, and we indulg'd our wit. L,p,t,s,t.-scalp'dst, help'dst. This weary hand thou help'dst to hold. L,t,s,t. melt'st, pelt'st, salt'st, tilt'st, wilt'st. M,d,s,t. tam'dst, dimm'dst, hemm'dst, nam'dst. If thou length'n'dst thy cords, thou strength'n'dst thy stakes. We never see the lengths we run. Ng,k,s,t. drank'st, drink'st, think'st, thank'st. Thou drank'st the cup, and thank'st the giver. He has found the warm precincts of a cheerful home. grappl'dst, crippl'dst, peopl' dst, trampľˇdst. |