TEXAS.
PRESIDENTS OF THE REPUBLIC.

VERMONT.
1836, March-October-David G.

1778—Thomas Chittenden. UNDER SPANISH RULE.* Burnet.

1789-Moses Robinson. 1591-93 (?)—Domingo Terán de los 1836-Sam Houston.

1790—Thomas Chittenden. Rios. 1838-Mirabeau B. Lamar.

1797-Paul Brigham. 1693-1716 (?)—Interregnum. Texas

1840—Davis G. Burnet (Acting 1797—Isaac Tichnor. abandoned.

Governor).

1807- Israel Smith. 1716 (?)-Martin de Alarcón. 1841-Sam Houston.

1808--Isaac Tichnor. 1719-Marquis de San Miguel de 1845—Anson Jones.

1809-Jonas Galusha. Aguayo.

1813-Martin Chittenden. 1722-Fernando Pérez de Almazán.

STATE GOVERNORS.

1815-Jonas Galusha. 1727-Melchor Media villa y Ascona. 1846-James P. Henderson.

1820-Richard Skinner. 1730-Juan Bustillos Zevellos.

1823-Cornelius P. Van Ness. 1849—George T. Wood. 1734-Manuel de Sandovál. 1849—P. Hansborough Bell.

1826-Ezra Butler. 1736 (?)—Carlos de Franquis. 1853–E. M. Pease.

1828-Samuel C. Crafts. 1737-Prudencio de Orobio Baz1857—Hardin R. Runnels.

1831—William A. Palmer. terra. 1859-Sam Houston.

1835-Silas A. Jennison. 1741—Thomas Felipe Wintuisen. 1861–Edward Clark.

1841-Charles Paine. 1743—Justo Boneo y Morales. 1861-Francis R. Lubbock.

1843--John Mattocks. 1748-Francisco García Larios. 1863-Pendleton Murrah.

1814-William Slade. 1748-Pedro del Barrio y Espriella.

1846-Horace Eaton. 1865—Andrew J. Hamilton (Pro1751-Jacinto de Barrios y Jaure

visional Governor).

1849—Carlos Coolidge. gui. 1866-James W. Throckmorton.

1850—Charles K. Williams. 1758 (?)—Angel Martos y Navar1867-E. M. Pease.

1852—Erastus Fairbanks. rete. 1870—Edmund J. Davis.

1853—John S. Robinson. 1767 (?)—Hugo Oconor. 1874-Richard Coke.

1854—Stephen Royce. 1770—Baron of Ripperdá. 1877—Richard B. Hubbard.

1856-Ryland Fletcher. 1778–Domingo Cabello. 1879-Oran M. Roberts.

1858-Hiland Hall. 1789 (?)-Rafael Martínez Pacheco. 1883-John Ireland,

1860—Erastus Fairbanks. 1794 (?)—Pedro de Nava. 1887-Lawrence S. Ross.

1861–Frederick Holbrook. 1803 (?)—Juan Bautista Ganzábal. 1891-James S. Hogg.

1863-John G. Smith. 1805–Antonio Cordero. 1895—Charles A. Culberson.

1865—Paul Dillingham. 1810-13-Manuel Salcedo. 1899–Joseph D. Sayers.

1867-John B. Page. 1811–Juan Bautista Casas. 1903—Samuel W. T. Lanham

1869—Peter T. Washburn. 1814-18 (?)--Cristobal Dominguez. 1907—Thomas M. Campbell

1870–George W. Hendee. 1817–Ignacio Pérez. 1911–Oscar B. Colquitt.

1870-John W. Stewart. 1817-Manuel Pardo.

1872-Julius Converse. 1817–21 (?)—Antonio Martínez.

1874--Asahel Peck.
1876—Horace Fairbanks.

1878—-Redfield Proctor. UNDER MEXICAN RULE, AFTER THE

UTAH.

1880—Roswell Farnham. REVOLUTION.

1882-John L. Barstow, (a) Governors of Texas alone.

TERRITORY.

1884—Samuel E. Pingree. 1922—Felix Trespalacios. 1850—Brigham Young.

1886-E. J. Ormsbee. 1823 (?)—Luciano García. 1854–Edwin J. Steptoe.

1888–William P. Dillingham. 1857--Alfred Cummings.

1890—Carroll S. Page. (6) Governors of Texas and Coahuila. 1861-Stephen S. Harding.

1892-Levi K. Fuller. 1864James D. Doty.

1894–Urban A. Woodbury. 1824-Rafael Gonzales. 1865--Charles Durkee.

1896-Josiah Grout. 1826--Victor Blanco. 1870–J. Wilson Shaffer.

1898–Edward C. Smith. 1827—José Maria Viesca. 1871-George L. Woods.

1900—W. W. Stickney. 1830—Rafael Eca y Musquiz. 1873–Samuel B. Axtel.

1902–J. G. McCullough. 1831- José Maria Letona. 1875—(eorge W. Emery.

1904—Charles J. Bell. 1832—Rafael Eca y Musquiz. 1880—Eli H. Murray.

1906-Fletcher D. Proctor. 1832—Juan M. de Veramendi. 1886—Caleb W. West.

1908–George H. Prouty. 1833—Juan José de Vidauri y Vil- 1890-Arthur L. Thomas.

1910—John A. Mead. laseñor. 1893–Caleb W. West.

1912—Allen M. Fletcher. 1834—Juan José Elguezabal. 1835-José Maria Cantú.

STATE. 1835--Augustin M. Viesca.

1896–Heber M. Wells. 1835--Marciel Borrego. 1905—John C. Cutler.

VIRGINIA. 1835—Rafael Eca y Musquiz. 1909—William Spry.

IN TIME OF ELIZABETH. PROVISIONAL GOVERNOR BEFORE

1584-90-Sir Walter Raleigh INDEPENDENCE.

(London Proprietor; never 1835, Nov. 12–Henry Smith.

Virginia). * Al interim governors are included in this list. Alarcón and Aguayo appear to have been governors of both Coahuila and T. xas. In a number of cases the dates are only approximate.

in

1645—Richard Kemp (President

of Council in Berkeley's absence

in England).
1645—Sir William Berkeley (Gov-

ernor).

1751—Robert Dinwiddie (Lieut.

Governor). 1756-68-John Campbell, Earl of

Loundoun (Governor; never in

the colony). 1758—John Blair (President of

Council and Acting Governor). 1758–Francis Fauquier (Lieut.

Governor). 1763-68—Sir Jeffrey Amherst (Gov

erner; never in the colony). 1768—John Blair (President of

Council and Acting Governor). 1768-70—Norborne Berkeley, Lord

de Botetourt (Governor). 1770—William Nelson (President

of Council and Acting Gov

ernor). 1771–John, Lord Dunmore (Gov

ernor).

UNDER THE CROWN, 1624–1652. 1624—Sir Francis Wyatt (Gov

ernor). 1626—Sir George Yeardley (Gov

ernor). 1627–Francis West (Acting Gov

ernor). 1628-John Pott (Acting Governor). 1630—Sir John Harvey (Gov

ernor). 1635—John West (Acting Gov

ernor). 1636—Sir John Harvey (Gov

ernor). 1639—Sir Francis Wyatt (Gov

ernor). 1642—Sir William Berkeley (Gov

ernor).

THE UNITED STATES

CHAPTER I

1913–1916.

THE ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT WILSON.*

President Wilson's policies — His cabinet - The Underwood tariff, the income tax and the Reserve Bank

Anti-trust acts — The railroad situation — The tariff and the tariff board — Politics and parties — Constitutional amendments and changes Liquor legislation — Immigration Seamen and shipping - The public business — Territories, lands and conservation - General foreign relations — Latin-American affairs — Mexico - The European war — The war zone and the Lusitania - Internal disturbances The blockade and submarine questions revived — Preparedness.

T

son

HE election of Woodrow Wil

which was set forth in a brief collecas Presidentt brought tion of his campaign speeches enti

into the White House the first tled The New Freedom. According Democratic executive, with the excep

to the tone of this unquestionable aution of Cleveland's two terms, since thority, the President was a radical. James Buchanan's retirement in 1861. He argued that the people of the The return of the electoral vote

United States had grown tired of showed 435 for Wilson and Marshall,

their institutions, and had the right the candidate for the Vice-Presi

to change their political and governdency, as against 88 for Roosevelt and 8 for Taft. Their popular vote was

mental machinery to meet their own

demands. He was much out of sym6,300,000, which was nearly 2,500,000 less than the combined votes of all pathy with the concentrated business opponents. In the 63d Congress, be- interests, who, he said,

interests, who, he said, “ are so great ginning in 1913, the Democrats would that it is almost an open question have a majority of five in the Senate whether the government of the United and 135 in the House. Thus, for the States can dominate them or not." first time since 1895, the Democratic He proposed to curb monopoly, and Party would have power to pass suggested that Congress must pass legislation on party lines.

new laws for regulating these monop

olies. He assailed the then existing The Administration.

Payne-Aldrich tariff of 1909, though President Wilson came into office

he believed that free trade was not with a distinct program of legislation

possible in a country which so much * Prepared by Albert Bushnell Hart, Professor

needed the revenues levied of Government in Harvard University.

on