GOVERNORS. TEXAS. UNDER SPANISH RULE.* 1691-93 (?)-Domingo Terán de los Rios. 1693-1716 (?)-Interregnum. Texas abandoned. 1716 (?)-Martin de Alarcón. 1719-Marquis de San Miguel de Aguayo. 1722-Fernando Pérez de Almazán. 1727-Melchor Mediavilla y Ascona. 1730-Juan Bustillos Zevellos. 1734-Manuel de Sandovál. 1736 (?)-Carlos de Franquis. 1737-Prudencio de Orobio Bazterra. 1741-Thomas Felipe Wintuisen. 1743-Justo Boneo y Morales. 1748-Francisco García Larios. 1748-Pedro del Barrio y Espriella. 1751-Jacinto de Barrios y Jauregui. 1758 (?)-Angel Martos y Navar STATE GOVERNORS. 1846-James P. Henderson. 1861-Francis R. Lubbock. 1865-Andrew J. Hamilton (Provisional Governor). 1866 James W. Throckmorton. 1877-Richard B. Hubbard. UTAH. TERRITORY. 1850-Brigham Young. 1854-Edwin J. Steptoe. 1857-Alfred Cummings. 1861-Stephen S. Harding. 1864 James D. Doty. 1865-Charles Durkee. 1870-J. Wilson Shaffer. 1871-George L. Woods. 1873-Samuel B. Axtel. 1875-George W. Emery. 1880-Eli H. Murray. 1886-Caleb W. West. 1890-Arthur L. Thomas. 1893-Caleb W. West. 1854-Stephen Royce. 1856-Ryland Fletcher. 1858-Hiland Hall. 1860-Erastus Fairbanks. 1861-Frederick Holbrook. 1869-Peter T. Washburn. 1876-Horace Fairbanks. 1878-Redfield Proctor. 1880-Roswell Farnham. 1882-John L. Barstow. 1884 Samuel E. Pingree. 1886 E. J. Ormsbee. 1888-William P. Dillingham. 1890-Carroll S. Page. 1892-Levi K. Fuller. 1894-Urban A. Woodbury. 1896-Josiah Grout. 551 1835-José Maria Cantú. 1835-Augustin M. Viesca. 1835-Marciel Borrego. 1835-Rafael Eca y Musquiz. PROVISIONAL GOVERNOR BEFORE INDEPENDENCE. 1835, Nov. 12-Henry Smith. * Ad interim governors are included in this list. Alarcón and Aguayo appear to have been governors of both Coahuila and Texas. In a number of cases the dates are only approximate. 1645-Richard Kemp (President 1645 Sir William Berkeley (Gov- UNDER THE COMMONWEALTH, 1652-1660. 1652-Richard Bennett. UNDER THE CROWN, 1660-1776. 1662-Sir William Berkeley. 1678-Sir Henry Chicheley (Lieut.- Lord Culpepper 1683-Nicholas Spencer (Acting 1684-Lord Howard of Effingham 1689-Nathaniel Bacon (Acting 1690-Sir Francis Nicholson (Lieut.- 1693-Sir Edmund Andros (Gov- 1697 - 1737 George Hamilton (Lieut.-Governor). 1705-Edward Nott (Lieut.-Gov- 1706-Edmund Jennings (Presi- Spottswood 1726-Robert Carter (President of Governor). 1740-James Blair (President of 1749-Thomas Lee (President of UNDER STATE CONSTITUTION, 1776-1865. 1799-James Monroe. 1805-William H. Cabell. 1827-William B. Giles. 1834-Littleton Waller Tazewell. 1837-David Campbell. pending election). 1841-John Rutherford (Acting, pending election). 1842-John M. Gregory (Acting, THE UNITED STATES CHAPTER I 1913-1916. THE ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT WILSON.* President Wilson's policies- His cabinet-The Underwood tariff, the income tax and the Reserve BankAnti-trust acts - The railroad situation -The tariff and the tariff board Politics and parties Constitutional amendments and changes Liquor legislation - Immigration-Seamen and shipping -The public business-Territories, lands and conservation-General foreign relations- Latin-American affairs Mexico-The European war -The war zone and the Lusitania — Internal disturbances The blockade and submarine questions revived- Preparedness. TH son HE election of Woodrow Wilas President+ brought into the White House the first Democratic executive, with the exception of Cleveland's two terms, since James Buchanan's retirement in 1861. The return of the electoral vote showed 435 for Wilson and Marshall, the candidate for the Vice-Presidency, as against 88 for Roosevelt and 8 for Taft. Their popular vote was 6,300,000, which was nearly 2,500,000 less than the combined votes of all opponents. In the 63d Congress, beginning in 1913, the Democrats would have a majority of five in the Senate and 135 in the House. Thus, for the first time since 1895, the Democratic Party would have power to pass legislation on party lines. The Administration. President Wilson came into office which was set forth in a brief collection of his campaign speeches entitled The New Freedom. According to the tone of this unquestionable authority, the President was a radical. He argued that the people of the United States had grown tired of their institutions, and had the right to change their political and governmental machinery to meet their own demands. He was much out of sympathy with the concentrated business interests, who, he said, " are so great that it is almost an open question whether the government of the United States can dominate them or not." He proposed to curb monopoly, and suggested that Congress must pass new laws for regulating these monopolies. He assailed the then existing Payne-Aldrich tariff of 1909, though he believed that free trade was not with a distinct program of legislation possible in a country which so much * Prepared by Albert Bushnell Hart, Professor of Government in Harvard University. See pp. 300-302, ante. needed the revenues levied imports. on |