friendly Indians, as was afterwards discovered, had an interview with the hostile natives, and gave them all the information of which they were possessed. Casco was assaulted by the Indians. Captain Bracket and ten or twelve others were killed; and, after an engagement of several hours, the enemy fled. In November the troops were dismissed, except such as remained in the garrisons at Wells, York, Berwick, and Cocheco. In the spring of 1690, the French and Indians came down upon the inhabitants about Salmon Falls, burnt many houses, killed about thirty of the English, and took about fifty prisoners. Among them was one Robert Rogers, who, on the way to Canada, endeavoured to escape but, being overtaken, he was stripped, beaten, tied to a tree, and burnt alive. As the French were considered the instigators of the Indians in their bloody attacks, it was thought important for the peace of New England, that they should be attacked within their own territory. Therefore exertions were made for an expedition against Canada. The first object was to subdue Nova Scotia. Sir William Phips, having received the command, sailed from New England, (April 28, 1690,) with a force of about seven hundred men, and arrived in about fourteen days at Port Royal. The fort surrendered, and he took possession of the Province for the Crown of England. Returning, much elated by his success, he sailed again in August, with a fleet of thirty-two ships and other vessels, with about two thousand men, and four months' provision, ammunition, &c. Having no pilot, they were a long time ascending the river, and did not arrive before Quebec till the 5th of October. They landed about twelve hundred men, and six field-pieces, weighing about eight hundred pounds each. These were landed about two miles below the town, upon a beach, near which was a swamp overgrown with wood, where lay about six hundred French, who opposed the landing of the troops. A skirmish ensued; the French were routed; five of the New England troops were killed, and about twenty wounded. Owing to the marshy state of the ground, the field-pieces were of little use. One of them finally fell into the enemy's hands, and the others were again put on board ship. The men that were landed endured great hardships, it being very cold weather, and they having nothing but the ground for their lodging, without any covering. Sir William spent almost all his ammunition in firing against the town, or, as some said, against the rocks of Quebec, and then slipped his cable and fell down, and the other vessels followed, taking on board the troops which had been landed, and were by stress of weather forced out of the river to sea and dispersed; and some of the vessels, by reason of the sickness of the crews, were very much disabled; and those that arrived lost, some half, and others more, of their men, by small-pox and fever. In their return, one of their ships was burnt by accident, and twelve men lost; two others cast away, the men saved. Some were driven off to Barbadoes, and some were never heard of. After the return of those vessels to Boston, which survived the dangers of the sea, many of the men died of the small-pox and fever. It was estimated, that about one thousand of the men engaged in this expedition died in one way and another. A general gloom spread over the country. This expedition brought the Colony of Massachusetts Bay above £50,000 in debt, for the payment of which the General Court laid grievous taxes upon the inhabitants, which they forced from those who refused to pay. And to satisfy the clamors of the soldiers and sailors, of whom most were pressed and sent into this service, they made a law dated December 10, 1690, appointing a committee of five persons, who should be empowered to issue printed bills of credit, (none to be under 5s. nor exceed the sum of £5.) With these, some of the soldiers and seamen were paid, and the Colony was engaged to satisfy the value as the treasury should be enabled. But they would not pass in trade between man and man, nor could the soldiers and seamen get for them more than half their nominal value except in paying rates.* The form of these bills was as follows, viz. . No. (2161.) 10 S. This Indented Bill of Ten Shillings, due from the Massachusetts Colony to the possessor, shall be in value equal to money, and shall be accordingly accepted by the Treasurer and Receivers subordinate to him, in all public payments, and for any stock at any time in the Treasury. Boston in New England, December the 10th, 1690. By order of the General Court. ADAM WINTHROP, Com'tee. [L. S.] * The whole was not assessed in one year. In 1691, the whole This was the first issue of bills authorized by the General Court of Massachusetts Colony.* The number of men who went from Rowley, in the expedition against Port Royal, is not known. In the expedition against Quebec, Rowley furnished one captain, one lieutenant, and thirty non-commissioned officers and privates. All their names cannot now be given. But the records, under date of May 6, 1691, show, that the town paid the following named persons, in bills of credit, the sums set against their respective names, for military services in Canada, viz. Province rate was £24,000, of which Rowley's proportion was £391. 7. 4, being about 1 to 61. In 1692, Rowley paid to the Province rate £151. 10. 1. In 1678, Rowley paid Richard Russell, as Province Treasurer, £726. 3. 4, as this town's proportion of the expense of Philip's war. Making a total of £1269. 0.9, paid by the town of Rowley in the course of three years, for war expenses alone. *The foregoing account of the expedition to Quebec, is mostly taken from a letter of Major Thomas Savage, (who commanded a regiment in that expedition,) to his brother, Perez Savage, in London, dated Boston, February 2, 1690 – 1, published in Hist. Soc. Col., 2 Ser. Vol. III, page 256. The Rev. John Hale, minister of Beverly, was the chaplain of the expedition to Canada, in 1690. He was distinguished for his connexion with the prosecution for witchcraft, in Salem, in 1692, and still more for his early change of opinion in regard to those prosecutions, and the firm and independent stand he took in promulgating his later opinions in the publication of a small book, written about 1695, and printed about 1700. A copy of this work is in the library of Harvard University. He died in 1700. His grandson, Robert Hale, procured a grant of land from the General Court to his heirs, on account of his services in the Canada expedition. To Deacon Jewett, for his son Ezekiel Jewett, "Thomas Nelson, Jr., for Samuel French, "Goody Swan, "Widow Wood, "Margaret Wood,. “her husband, Richard Swan, "Mrs. Hammond and Nathl. Crosby, for Jona. Crosby, "Sergt. Jewett, "Grace Harris, "his son, William Jewett, Sergt. Nelson, "Nathan Wheeler, "Corpl. John Pickard, "John Platts, "Caleb Boynton, 66 Goody Todd, "Goody Todd, 18 0 18 0 1 12 6 for Jeremiah Chadwell, "Goody Todd, for her son, Timothy Todd, to Quochicha,. "Widow Wood" Solomon Wood, "Nathaniel Crosby, for his brother, Jona. Crosby, John Bailey died November 19, and Moses Wood, November 25, 1690, on their way from Canada. What others died we know not. Captain Philip Nelson commanded the company from Rowley, and, by the petition of Joseph Jewett, Jr. to the Governor and Council, under date of April 22, 1691, (a copy of which follows,) it appears, that Captain Nelson, with a part of his men at least, on board of Mr. Burrington's brigantine, Mr. Bradlow, Commander, were driven off to Barbadoes, where Mr. Jewett's man (William Lyncoln,) was left, and perhaps others with him. "To the Honored Governor and. Council of the Massachusetts Colony of New England. * Captain Nelson died, August 19, 1691, aged about fifty-eight years. He graduated at Harvard College in 1654, |