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for the men. There were many tears shed, and many solemn prayers sent to Heaven; but in the hearts of the people there was but one thought and one hope, that was for Freedom.

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Do not think, however, that everybody was on one side. There were a great many people in New England, Virginia, New York, and the Carolinas, who were bitter against the action of the Continental Congress. They would give up to the king at any cost, and they denounced the rest as "traitors" and "rebels." These people who stood for the king and his government were called "Tories," or royalists, and the other party" Whigs," or rebels. These names, Tory and Whig, were borrowed from English politics. Many of the American newspapers were Tory, and remained so until the cause of the revolutionists became strong, then they turned about and abused the English as much as any one. There were a good many Tories persecuted for their allegiance to the king. Some of them moved to Canada; some of them kept silent and took as little part as they could; and some of those who spoke their mind freely, were tarred and feathered, and ridden on rails, and treated in the unjust and foolish manner in which excited mobs will treat those who disagree with them.

The lines between Tories and Whigs were closely drawn at the beginning of the year 1765. The Americans demanded to know those who were going to stand for liberty, and in Boston and elsewhere those who stood for the king did not have a very pleasant time of it. A good deal of tarring and feathering was done about this time, and many Tories got broken heads and bloody noses for speaking up for the king. A patriotic barber in Boston was quietly shaving a customer, and had just got half his face shaved, when he found that he was a Tory. He threw down his razor, and ordered him out of his shop. The poor Tory with his face all lathered, one side clean shaven, "like a field new reaped at harvest time," and the other side with a bristling beard, was forced to go hunting through the streets of Boston for a barber who was devoted to the cause of George III.

The Americans opposed to the king and his measures were known as Patriots, Whigs, Continentals, and lastly as Yankees, a term which the English soldiers took up in derision. The English soldiery

1 Tory was from an Irish word signifying a "savage," but had come to mean an adherent of the king and his measures. Whig came from a Scotch word, meaning a "drover," and finally came to mean those who believed that government was not to enslave men, but to serve them. It was first applied to a party of soldiers in Cromwell's time, who came from Scotland.

and their sympathizers in America, were called Tories, Royalists, Britishers, and Regulars,-the last name being applied to their troops to distinguish them from the provincial or American militia.

The English bands belonging to the regular troops took great delight in playing an air called "Yankee Doodle." It was played in derision of the Yankees, but has since become our most popular national tune. The patriots accepted the term Yankees, as one of honor rather than contempt, and one of the newspapers of that time says, "It is a name which we hope will soon be equal to that of a Roman, or an ANCIENT Englishman."

They soon had other work than calling names, knocking their antagonists down, or tarring and feathering them. "The war has already begun. The next breeze will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms.” The smoke arises from the first battle in the War of the Revolution.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

BATTLE OF LEXINGTON.

Hidden Stores of Gunpowder and Bullets. - Paul Revere's Ride. - Midnight March. - Scene at Lexington Meeting house. - First Blood shed. - Destruction of Stores.-The Retreat and Pursuit. Lord Percy at Charlestown. "Yankee Doodle" and "Chevy Chase."

IN the spring of 1775 Governor Gage heard constant rumors of military stores, gunpowder, bullets, guns, and muskets, secretly collected and hidden in secure places by the Americans, till there should be use for them. He also heard accounts of companies. forming in all the towns and villages about Boston, for military drill. These were the "minute-men," so called because they were to be ready on a minute's notice, to take their muskets and hurry to the field.

It was difficult for Gage to find just where these stores of powder and ammunition were hidden; still as there were Tories in every town it was impossible to keep all their hiding-places secret. In April Gage was told that out in the town of Concord the Yankees had stores secreted. At ten o'clock on the evening of April 18, the patriot watchmen who were posted at all the landing-places in Boston, saw a stirring among the British troops, and a company of them embarking in boats, at the lower end of Boston Common.

In less than half an hour, two mounted horsemen were sent off by the patriots to warn the country all around to be on their guard. One of these messengers was named Paul Revere. He was an engraver by trade, and five years before, at the time of the Boston Massacre, he had made a picture of the troops firing on the citizens, which plainly showed that he was a loyal American. Now he started off at full gallop over Middlesex County, to rouse up the people, and tell the minute-men to be on the alert. Once he was stopped on his way, but after being examined was allowed to go on. Longfellow has told the whole story of Paul Revere's ride so much better than I can, that I will put in here his account of it. See if you do not hear the sound of those swift hoofs in our poet's lines.

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Then he said "Good-night!" and with muffled oar
Silently rowed to the Charlestown shore,

Just as the moon rose over the bay,

Where swinging wide at her moorings lay

The Somerset, British man-of-war ;

A phantom ship, with each mast and spar

Across the moon like a prison bar,

And a huge black hulk that was magnified
By its own reflection in the tide.

Meanwhile, his friend, through alley and street,
Wanders and watches with eager ears,

Till in the silence around him he hears

The muster of men at the barrack door,

The sound of arms, and the tramp of feet,
And the measured tread of the grenadiers
Marching down to their boats on the shore.

Then he climbed the tower of the old North Church

By the wooden stairs, with stealthy tread,

To the belfry chamber over-head,

And startled the pigeons from their perch,

On the sombre rafters, that around him made
Masses and moving shapes of shade,

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By the trembling ladder, steep and tall,
To the highest window in the wall,
Where he paused to listen and look down
A moment on the roofs of the town
And the moonlight flowing over all.

Meanwhile, impatient to mount and ride,
Booted and spurred with a heavy stride,
On the opposite shore walked Paul Revere.
Now he patted his horse's side,

Now gazed at the landscape far and near,
Then impetuous, stamped the earth,
And turned, and tightened his saddle girth,
But mostly he watched with eager search
The belfry tower of the old North Church
As it rose above the graves on the hill,
Lonely and spectral and sombre and still,
And lo! as he looks, on the belfry's height
A glimmer, and then a gleam of light!
He springs to the saddle, the bridle he turns,
But lingers and gazes, till full on his sight
A second lamp in the belfry burns

A hurry of hoofs in a village street,

A shape in the moonlight, a bulk in the dark,

And beneath, from the pebbles, in passing a spark

Struck out by a steed flying fearless and fleet:

That was all! And yet, through the gloom and the light
The fate of a nation was riding that night;

And the spark, struck out by that steed in his flight,
Kindled the land into flame with its heat.

In the mean time the troops had crossed Charles River, and marched in dead silence down to Lexington, six miles from Concord. Not a man was allowed to speak. The officers uttered their commands in whispers as they rode along the lines, and only the

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