Mission in Tahiti are perversions of the truth-that he is guilty of deliberate and elaborate misrepresentation, and . . . that he is a prejudiced, incompetent, and truthless witness." It was taken for granted that Melville was guilty of the heinous crime of being a Catholic. From this presumption it was easy to understand that Melville's plea for sweetness and light was but the vicious ravings of a man "foiled and disappointed by the rejection of Mariolatry and the worship of wafers and of images, and of dead men by the Bible-reading Tahitians." By a convincing-if not cogent-technique of controversy, Melville's evidence was impugned by a discounting of the morals of the witness: a Catholic, and a disseminator of the "worst of European vices and the most dreadful of European diseases."

Melville was twenty-eight years old when he Quixotically championed the heathen in the name of a transcendental charity which he believed to be Christian. Amiable Protestant brethren undertook to disabuse him of his naïve belief that the guardians of the faith of Christendom invariably regulate their conduct in the spirit of Christ. As Melville grew in wisdom he grew in disillusion: and his early tilt at the London Missionary Society contributed to his rapid growth. At the age of thirty-three he wrote in Pierre-a book planned to show the impracticability of virtue-that "God's truth is one thing, and man's truth another." He then maintained that the history of Christendom for the last 1800 years showed that "in spite of all the maxims of Christ, that history is as full of blood, violence, wrong, and iniquity of every kind, as any previous portion of the world's story." He says in Clarel:

"The world is portioned out, believe:
The good have but a patch at best,
The wise their corner; for the rest-
Malice divides with ignorance."

Melville points out that Christ's teachings seemed folly to the Jews because Christ carried Heaven's time in Jerusalem, while the Jews carried Jerusalem time there. "Did He not expressly

say 'My wisdom is not of this world?' Whatever is really peculiar in the wisdom of Christ seems precisely the same folly to-day as it did 1850 years ago." In Clarel, he goes further, and calls the world

"a den

Worse for Christ's coming, since His love
(Perverted) did but venom prove."

Though such a heretical idea was, to the Protestant brethren, of course, clean gone on the farthest side of damnation, yet were Melville and these same brethren working upon an identical major premise: each was righteously convinced that he was about his Father's business-each was attempting to rout the other in the name of Christ. The brethren rode forth in the surety of triumph; Melville retired within himself convinced that defeat was not refutation, and that his way had been, withal, the way of Heavenly Truth. And since his way bore but bitter fruit, he shook the dust of the earth from his feet, convinced that such soil was designed to nourish only iniquity. "Where is the earnest and righteous philosopher," he asks, framing his question to include himself in that glorious minority, "who looking right and left, and up and down. through all the ages of the world, the present included; where is there such an one who has not a thousand times been struck with a sort of infidel idea, that whatever other worlds God may be Lord of, He is not Lord of this: for else this world would seem to give Him the lie; so utterly repugnant seem its ways to the instinctively known ways of Heaven." In this world, he grew to feel, a wise man resigns himself to the world's ways. "When we go to heaven," he taught, "it will be quite another thing. There, we can freely turn the left cheek, because the right cheek will never be smitten. There they can freely give all to the poor, for there there will be no poor to give to.' And this, he contended, was a salutary doctrine: "I hold up a practical virtue to the vicious; and interfere not with the eternal truth, that, sooner or later, downright vice is downright woe." His milk of human kindness was not sweetened by the thunder of the Protestant brethren.

Resigned to the insight that while on earth no wise man aims at heaven except by a virtuous expediency, he accepted the London Missionary Society as one of the evils inherent in the universe, and leaving it to its own fate, looked prophetically forward to the Inter-Church World Movement. In The Confidence Man he makes one of the characters say: "Missions I would quicken with the Wall Street spirit. For if, confessedly, certain spiritual ends are to be gained but through the auxiliary agency of worldly means, then, to the surer gaining of such spiritual ends, the example of worldly policy in worldly projects should not by spiritual projectors be slighted. In brief, the conversion of the heathen, so far, at least, as depending on human effort, would, by the world's charity, be let out on contract. So much by bid for converting India, so much for Borneo, so much for Africa. You see, this doing good in the world by driblets is just nothing. I am for doing good in the world with a will. I am for doing good to the world once for all, and having done with it. Do but think of the eddies and maelstroms of pagans in China. People here have no conception of it. Of a frosty morning in Hong Kong, pauper pagans are found dead in the streets like so many nipped peas in a bin of peas. To be an immortal being in China is no more distinction than to be a snow-flake in a snowsquall. What are a score or two of missionaries to such a people? I am for sending ten thousand missionaries in a body and converting the Chinese en masse within six months of the debarkation. The thing is then done, and turn to something else." And in Clarel:

"But preach and work:

You'll civilise the barbarous Turk

Nay, all the East may reconcile:

That done, let Mammon take the wings of even,
And mount and civilise the saints in heaven."

But when Melville was in Tahiti he harboured less emancipated notions than he later achieved. He was then to all outward seeming little better than a beach-comber, disciplined for his participation in a mutiny he and the Long Doctor