son came out to meet us.

stroyed. It was supposed that the Indians were
gone to the British garrison, and that they had
concluded our intention was for the garrison.
In the afternoon our army wheeled about, and
General Clinton was ordered to encamp at the
Genesee, and wait for our division to come up.
Sullivan's division encamped in a large corn field.
Our division marched with all the dispatch they
could, being amazing weak and emaciated by
their half allowance and green corn. We re-
turned near to the garrison at Cayuga, the garri-
The next day we had
a great feast in the garrison, and then arranged
matters for our return to Easton. But here I
must not forget a circumstance peculiarly pleas-
ing to me. Two or three young soldiers were
under great distress of mind concerning their
souls, and frequently came to see and converse
with me.
I mentioned a text to General Sulli-
van, which frequently occurred to me when I
thought of the Indians, and the devastation which
was made in their country. The text was:
"They shall walk through them, be an hungry,
and curse their God and their King, and look up-
wards." The general intended to have a sermon
when we arrived at Easton, and wished me to
preach from these words just mentioned. But,
when we arrived at Easton, I found there was
another chaplain who had made preparations to
preach a sermon, I therefore gave him the oppor-
tunity.

his defeat, was succeeded by General Greene,
which gave new life and vigor to the militia.
About this time General Washington collected his
army in the neighborhood of the British, at New
Jersey. This excited the wonder of everybody.
Does he intend to make a forcible attack on the
British in New York? was the general question.
Neither did the enemy understand his movements.
General Washington had large ovens erected,
which confirmed the opinion of his intended opera-
tion against the enemy at and about New York.

The period now arrived of a forced march of the combined army of French and Americans to Williamsburgh, in Virginia. They marched through New Jersey and Pennsylvania into Virginia; and came in the rear of Lord Cornwallis the same day that the French fleet arrived and blockaded the British at Gloucester Point. After a short siege, in which the whole British force in that quarter was reduced, General Washington moved his army. This movement was so sudden and unexpected to me, that I was totally unprepared for it. I had with me only one shift of linen, of which I informed General Clinton, requesting leave of absence to get more; but to this he objected, and said I must go on with them at all events. When we arrived at Newark, I found an old lady who had been a member of my church in New York. I told her my situation, and she furnished me with what was needful for the campaign. From Newark we marched to I obtained a furlough, to visit and tarry some Baltimore. There General Clinton's aid was time with my family. While here I received a taken sick, and I was ordered to stay with him letter from the Baptist church in Philadelphia, as till he was able to come after the army. The requesting me to come and supply them. I major's anxiety to follow the army retarded showed the letter to General Clinton, who granted his recovery. However, he attempted, and set me leave to pay them a visit for two or three out; but after one or two days he was obliged to weeks. I informed the church that I was not lay by. In a day or two we set off again, but discharged from the army, neither did I wish to did not reach the army before the British capituengage myself to any people. For if, in the prov-lated. However, we partook of the joy with our idence of God, the enemy should be driven from brethren. New York, I intended to collect my scattered church, and settle myself in that place. I therefore wished them to look for a supply elsewhere. While in Philadelphia I had a severe turn of the colic, which detained me from the army several days longer than I intended to have staid. That winter we encamped near Newbury, and my family lived at Warwick: as the distance was not great, I had the privilege of being more at home that winter than at any time since the commencement of the war; and it was a providential circumstance, as the winter proved extremely severe, and my family needed all the assistance I could give them.

The operations of the enemy at this time were principally at the southward, where General Gates and the southern militia, opposed them with no very great success. General Gates, after

Matters being adjusted the general ordered the return of the army. On my way home I stopped at a Mr. Hart's in Hopewell, in New Jersey, and after staying there one night, started for home. Between Hopewell and the Piscataqua, I met a messenger from Scotch Plains, who informed me he was going to get Mr. Hart to preach a funeral sermon on the death of Mr. Miller, who was to be buried the next day; unless I would stop and preach it. I told him I would stop, but that he had better get Mr. Hart to preach the sermon. He went on, and informed Mr. Hart of what had passed. Mr. Hart said he wished to be excused. The duty then devolved on me; one circumstance made it very striking to me: it had been a private agreement between Mr. Miller and myself, that the survivor of us, if he had word of the death, should preach the funeral sermon of the

other. Never did I esteem a ministering brother so much, or feel the bereavement so sensibly as I did Mr. Miller. At the funeral, I got information that my family had moved; which was a day's ride less distant. I set off for home and found them well, and an addition of another son, whose name was William.

the price, almost beyond the Bounds of toleration. The French Alliance, altho' it has afforded a temporary Relief, even amongst the most Violent (the thinking part I mean) is detested, much more so by those, who are only luke warm, or Friends to Government. Livingston is reelected Governor, an attempt was intended to be made, On my return to the army we encamped at to supersede him, but the dissenting Parsons, getNewbury, and erected some huts and a place for ting knowledge of it, exerted themselves in such public worship on Lord's-day. We had three a manner, that his opponents were deterr'd from services a day, and preached in rotation; one from making the Experiment. You know the Man, & each brigade. We continued here during the win-will with Me pitty the poor People, that fall unter, and had frequent reports that the British der his displeasure. were negotiating a peace, which occasioned expresses being sent to and from the British general at New York, and General Washington.* The next spring the British evacuated New York; and General Washington entered the city with his army. The army was soon after disbanded, and we poor ruined Yorkers, returned to our disfigured houses."

LETTERS TO JOSEPH GALLOWAY, FROM
LEADING TORIES IN AMERICA.

No. IX.

There have join'd the Kings Troops from New Jersey, since they came into the Country, & taken up Arms, upwards of two thousand five hundred, & at least five hundred more Refugees, are now within the Lines of the Kings Army. From this State, You may with Your own Knowledge of the Province, form a perfect Idea, of its present Condition. As a Proof of the Truth of the above Representation, I need only mention the following fact, that in the late Expeditions to New Bridge and Egg Harbour-tho' the Kings Troops were a long time at both places, yet very few of the Militia of Jersey, would be prevailed on to turn out, & those that went left home with reluctance and two thirds of them, deserted in a few days, & returned to their Families.

it.

From my

MY DEAR SIR: I fully intended to have done myself the Pleasure, of taking You by the hand, not returned when You left this Country, the I think the foraging Party to New Bridge, had before Your departure from New York, but was unfortunately prevented by an Attack of the Dys- Forage collected there, was inadequate to the sentery which Confined me, until after You had General's Expectation, or the Expence attending sailed, this also preventing my furnishing You, I was exceedingly disappointed, when I found with a State of the Province of New Jersey, as I that the General had no farther Views in that promised when We last parted. I have since had Expedition than to collect Forage. an opportunity of Conversing with many Persons, Knowledge of the County, I was sensible, that lately from that Province, on whose Information the Expedition for that purpose was ill judged, I could depend-from what I have collected from for the following Reasons. Because Eight tenths them and from my own Knowledge, You may be of the Persons in that Neighborhood, were & assured that the Men of Property in general, exever had been Friends to Government, & most of cepting only such as have held Posts under Con- them had Sons in its service, Because little Forgress, the Members of Congress, and the Assem-age could be procured, and the danger of transportbly for the Province, are desirous, and anxiously wish, for a Reconciliation with the Parent State. Among the common Rank of life, a great Majority would Eagerly seize the Terms, offer'd by the Commissioners, if they dare. They are Heartily tired of the War, and groan under the Yoke of Tyranny, & the heavy Taxes that are imposed on them, add to this, the scarcity of Provisions, & other necessaries of Life, which has enhanced

*Gen. Heath, in his "Memoirs," p. 871, mentions: "April 19, 1788. At noon the proclamation of Congress for a cessation of hostilities was proclaimed at the door of the New Building, followed by three huzzas; after which a prayer was made by the Rev. Mr. Gano, and an anthem (Independence from Billings) was performed by vocal and instrumental music."

ing it, was great, as was verified by six of the Vessels, being taken by the Rebels in the Passage the Inhabitants would spare from that quarter, -and because all the Forage and Provisions, that would be brought into York in the Course of the Winter. The Effect of it has been, that the wanthat was committed, has made many persons ton and indiscriminate depredation, and waste, Rebels, & has deprived New York of a very considerable Resource. The accidental Coup de main, by which, Baylor's Regiment of Dragoons was cut up, in some Measure atoned for the Blunder. Ten times the quantity of Forage, in one tenth part of the time, might have been collected at Eliz'h Town, and in it's vicinity (a Rebellious Country You well know) & without risque, and a

polite Visit to Morris might at the same time have been paid &c. &c-with good effect.

The Expedition to Egg Harbour, was so long talked of, and the Preparation so tedious, that it was known at Philadelphia, before the Troops sailed, the Consequence was that all the Privateers, but one, got out of the Harbour-this one with the many Prizes carried in there were burnt. Ferguson has merrit in the conducting the Expedition especially in the destruction of part of Count Powlasky's Legion, but for an Accident, Powlasky & his whole Corps, would have met the same fate. The particulars of these Matters, are pretty honestly related in the News Papers, to which I referr you- Nothing worth mentioning has occurred in the Military Way since-Except Gen'l Grant's sailing with about 5000 British Troops for the West Indies. We sailed on the 3d instant, and Count DeEstaing sailed on the 11th from Boston, in a Violent Gale of Wind, which forced Admiral Byron to quit his Station, in Boston Bay. It is said the Count is bound for the West Indies, if so, We may with Reason be under great Apprehension for the Fate of Gen'l Grant & his Fleet. The Bedford one of Admiral Byron's Fleet, has got into York dismasted in the Storm. It is said the Somerset is wrecked on Cape Cod, & her Men Prisoners in Boston, and two or three others are damaged & got into New Port-where the Remainder are I know not.

The Commissioners will, it is said, Embark on Wednesday for England. You are much better acquainted with their proceedings, in this Country than I am,-It would have been happy for America, if they had succeeded equal, to their wishes and Endeavors, I must confess, I am not disappointed at the Reception their Propositions met with-If the Leaders in Rebellion had been as well known (and the Views which they set out with, and have uniformly pursued) in England as in this Country, the Expence and Trouble of their Voyage might have been saved. However I flatter myself it will answer the good Purposes of rousing, & uniting the Nation, silencing opposition, and giving Vigour to their Councils and future Plans. The Commissioners. have had an Opportunity of gaining such Knowledge In this Country, that they will be enabled to inform his Majesty, that Great Numbers of his American Subjects, through all Tryals, & Perrils, stedfastly and faithfully, preserve their attachment to him, that they have Sacrificed their Fortunes, and are willing to devote their Lives to his Service-and will Contradict any interested and malevolent Reports to the Contrary. Their last Manifesto which I believe You saw in this Country--was suppressed among the Rebels and not suffered to circulate. Great Numbers of Pamphlets containing all their proceedings have lately been published, and Endeavors are made, to disperse them in the Country, if they could be generally read, they would have a tendency to increase their Divisions &c.

Lieut't Coll'n Campbell of the 71st Regiment, with that Regiment two Hessian and four or five Provincial Regiments, embarked, fell down to the Hook, and were ready to sail the last Week, but a You may not possibly have heard of the Fate Violent Wind drove one of the Store Ships on of Poor Roberts, & Carlisle, in Philadelphia, they Shore, damaged some others & drove two out to were condemned, I believe before You left thisSea with Troops who have since returned, great Interest was made, to save their LivesWhether in Consequence of this Storm, or the Roberts's wife with ten Children, went to Conuncertainty of the destination of the Count De gress, threw themselves on their knees & supEstaings Fleet-this Fleet returned to Staten Isl- plicated Mercy-but in vain. His Behaviour at and (where it now lies, I don't know. The gen- the Gallows did Honor to human Nature. He eral Opinion is that this Expedition is intended told his Audience that his Conscience acquitted against Georgia, if so from the great Military abil-him of Guilt-That he suffered for doing his Duty ities of Coll'n Campbell, We may hope for success. to his Sovereign, That his Blood would one day The Remainder of the Troops are gone into Win- be demanded at their hands, and then turning to ter Quarters, there are near 5000 on Long Island, his Children charged & exhorted them to rememthese consist chiefly of the light Troops & Dra- ber his Principles, for which he died, and to adgoons. I dread the consequence to New York here to them while they had Breath. This is the from the Destruction they make on Long Island, Substance of his Speech, after which he suffered I think it will be felt severely the next Spring. with the Resolution of a Roman. Three others it is said, are under Sentence of Death at Philadelphia on similar Pretences, whose names I do not know. Billy Hambleton had a narrow Escape, his Tryal for Treason, against the States lasted 12 Hours. I have seen a Gentle'n who attended his Tryal, he informed me that his Acquital, was owing to a Defect of Proof, of a Paper from Lord Cornwallis, the Direction being torn of.

Thus has ended a Campaign (if it deserves the appellation) without any thing Capital being done, or even attempted. Now will the Historian gain Credit, who shall relate that at least 24,000 of the best Troops, in the World, were shut up within their Lines, by fifteen thousand at most, of Poor Wretches, who were illy paid, badly fed, and worse cloathed, and scarce at best deserved the name of soldiers-but I forbear.

I heartily congratulate You on the Release of

New Corps arizes-for the great & Mighty Inspector General of Provincial Forces is a Man of Note.

Gov'r Franklin has urged a Campaign of Vigour, but the Gen'l seems to have delicate Ideas of Carrying on the War &c., and is hurt by the loss of the Men that are gone to the West Indies. I have the last Week received from different hands the Returns of the Rebell armies (I mean their Regulars) from Georgia to New Hampshire, & they do not amount to 11,000 in the whole. Washington's Head Quarters, it is said, will be at Morris Town, Lord Sterling is now at Eliz❜h Town, with about 1200. Gates will have a Considerable part of their Army in Connecticut, so that their Army will be nearly equally divided between Jersey, & Connect't, being the two Province's most Exposed to Incursions. Those in Jersey may be easily routed-but alass We have almost forgott the Word Enterprize.

Gov'r Franklin. I have spent some time with him, since his Return. He will write You by this Fleet. He informs me that he has wrote fully his Sentiments, on American Matters to Administration, and has submitted his Letter to the Inspection of the Commissioners, Who gave him not only their Approbation but thanks. Great part of his time since he came in, has been taken up in getting redress for Suffering Friends to Government. He has happily succeeded (after much Doubt, Fear & Difficulty with the Commander in Chief) in one instance which I will give You. Some time since a Number of Refugees from Connecticut, employed by Gen'l Tryon, to cutt Wood on Long Island, were taken off by a Party from New England, & sent to their Different Counties, to take their Tryals, who of Course must without the Interposition, of the General Suffer Death, or a worse punishment-in this situation Gov'r Franklin proposed, & insisted, that an equal Number of Connecticut Prisoners, I hope before this time the Parliament are met, should be selected, & retained as Hostages, for & something will be determined on vigorous. these unfortunate Persons. The Gen' had his The Idea prevails here that this Country, will be Fears lest Gen'l Burgoyne's Officers, would Suf- abandoned by the King's Troops, the next Spring, fer &c. &c. However after much Importunity, but I cannot entertain one so disgracefull, & deand a lucky Capture, of Eight Men the last Week structive, to the British Empire. It's Fate defrom Connect't-who were taken on L. Island, pends on their Success here--to Abandon this He succeeded so far, as to have these Eight Men Country is to give up the West Indies, for whodelivered up to him, to make the Experiment. ever has this Country will have the West India In Consequence a Flag is gone out to Connect't, to Islands. The Rebellion hangs by a Siender Thread. demand the Eight Prisoners, they have, in Ex- The Majority of the Inhabitants dissatisfied with change for the Eight Gover'r Franklin has-in case their present Tyrannical Government. Their of Refusal the Gov'r of Connect't is to be assured, Money depreciating-The French Alliance in genthat the same punishment, that they administer eral detested-Provisions scarce & that scarcity to those Prisoners, shall be inflicted on the Host- increasing (Butler has not contributed a little to ages. I dare say You will think with Me, this it-he has lately offer'd to join Gen'l Clinton in a very proper Measure-if it succeeds it will have any part of Jersey, York, or Pensylvania, & will many good Effects, first in saving the lives of the keep hovering about the Frontiers 'till he gets an Prisoners-secondly in evincing a certain Spirit answer. A few Butler's would do the Business.) that has long been wanting-thirdly in convincing In this situation, what is necessary to Crush the the Friends to Government, throughout the Con- Rebellion? It is easily answered-Only one Vigtinent, that some Attention is paid to them, and orous Campaign properly conducted. I mean by that Government will no longer tamely see, some this, that the Person commanding, should be a of the King's best Subjects sacrificed with Impu- Man of Judgment Spirit & Enterprize, and one nity. It will also deterr the Rebels from pursuing who would make himself acquainted, with the their System of putting to Death for very trifling Geography of the Country (which has hitherto Crimes. Governor Franklin has with success been been a fatal Neglect) & a few more Troops to the Advocate, for many Ill treated Refugees. I Supply the place of those gone to the West Indies. could wish he had the Appointment of Super In- In this case one Province would soon be contendant General of Refugees, Friends to Gov-quer'd, when only by disarming the Rebells, and ernment &c., some such office is exceedingly wanted. You are too well acquainted with the Necessity of it for me to pretend to point out it's uses. You also know the scandalous Neglect & Ill Treatment they- -as well as the New Corps as others have received. I may say safely that this Treatment, has prevented thousands, from joining the Kings Army, that would cheerfully have done it. You also know whence this Abuse to the HIST. MAG. VOL. V. 48

putting Arms into the hands of the King's Friends, It would be kept & thousands of Oppressed, & persecuted Friends to Government, would take Refuge there, & very soon form such a Body of Men that Washington with his whole Force would be afraid to approach.

There has lately been made a Calculation of the Refugees, within the Lines of New York, & including those that have joined the Provincial

Corps, they amount to upwards of ten thousand. 90 charts, 13 photographs and prints, and 3 colThe most of these Persons have from their At-lections of miscellanies-in all 3,940, from 92 contachment, to their Sovereign, abandoned their tributors, from Illinois, Canada, Maine, Vermont, Fortunes, and from Affluence are reduced to In- Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Pennsyldigence, which they bear with Patience, in full vania, Virginia, Missouri, Iowa, Michigan, and Confidence that the Faith of Government, & the Great Britain. Promises of Protection, repeatedly given them, would be sacredly Observed. Can it be possible that Britain will, under these Circumstances, give up this Unhappy Body of People, to the Vengeance of their Persecutors? If she should, She may forever bid adieu to this Country, & to the Affection, of any of its Inhabitants.

I fear I have already intruded on your Leisure, and have troubled you with Sentiments, on Matters that You are much better acquainted with than I am. Excuse it and attribute it to My Warmth and Zeal. Remember me to Doctor's Chandler & Cooper. Tell Doct. Chandler that Mrs. Chandler & his Daughter Polly with Miss Ricketts, are now in York with a Flag for a few days. His son Bille I saw last week, at Staten Island, who has recovered from his Illness, he intends sailing for England in a short time in the Amazon.

I shall be happy to hear from You by the first, & every Opportunity, that Offers. I have been obliged to write in great Haste, not knowing of the Fleet's sailing so soon. This must apologize for Omissions, &c. &c. I will write again in a few days if any thing occurs worth telling.

I am Your most Affectionate & Obedient
Servant, ISAAC OGDEN.

NEW YORK, 22d Nov'r, 1778. [

JOSEPH GALLOWAY, ESQ.

N. B. I have ventured to sign My name to this Letter, as the Bearer has promised to destroy it, in case of Accidents.

Societies and their Proceedings.

ILLINOIS.

CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY.-Chicago, Ill., Sept. 17, 1861.—The monthly meeting, the first after the summer recess, was held on the above date, W. H. Brown, Esq., President, in the chair.

The Society owe to Mr. Ford, of Lacon, a copy of the "Illinois Emigrant," Aug. 19, 1818—vol. i., No. 12-published at Shawneetown, and containing the journal of the Constitutional Convention, then in session.

On the contested title to the territory of the Northwest, have been received Trumbull's "Vindication of the Connecticut Claim”'-an exhibition of the so-called "Susquehanna Title"-and a rare work printed in Philadelphia, 1757, being a vindication of the claim of the French, as against Great Britain, and containing, entire, Major Washington's journal of his expedition, in 1754, towards the Ohio, in which, to an Indian treaty, he subscribes, by his own and an Indian name, WASHINGTON, or CONOTOCARIOUS.'

Mr. Archibald Clybourne-the oldest continued resident of Chicago (since 1823), and the longest. occupant of the same house (since 1835)-obligingly placed in the Society's charge, the original manuscript narrative of an expedition in 1810, from Montreal via New York and the Sandwich Islands to the Northwest coast, in the service of the Fur Company, by William Wallace, of Scotland, who died in Chicago some thirty-five years since. The narrative gives interesting notices of the Sandwich Islands, and of the operations of the Fur Company on the Northwest

coast.

Mr. P. Anderson, of Lowell, Mass., a gentleman of Norwegian birth, early interested in promoting emigration to America from his native country, forwarded copies of the "Bergens Stifstidende," 1844 (a newspaper of Bergen, Norway), containing his communications recommending "the West" to emigrants, with a translation of the same into English; also, a letter from Mr. Geo. Flower, of Illinois, on the same subject.

Mr. Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard, an early and esteemed resident of Chicago, placed in the Society's possession, what is believed to be the original, and probably unpublished, journal of the expedition by Major Livingston and the younger Baron de St. Castin, in 1710, from Port Royal, via the Penobscot river, overland to Quebec, dispatched by Gen. Nicholson, after the capture of Port Royal by the combined British and colonial forces.

The collections of the Society have been in- This manuscript was in the possession of Gov. creased the past three months, by donations of Hutchinson, while preparing his "History of Mas592 bound books, 2,906 unbound books and pam-sachusetts," in 1750, and the expedition is notice l phlets, 120 files of periodicals, 85 files of newspa- in Judge Williamson's "History of Maine," and pers, 15 old and rare newspapers, 116 manuscripts, Penhallow's "Indian Wars."