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inches in diameter, and immediately forms a basin a few feet deep and about 150 paces in circumference. Thence it penetrates through a ridge of porous limestone, or concretion of large oyster shells. After traversing its subterraneous way some 30 rods, it re-appears upon the other side, boiling and bubbling up through a variety of passages, where it forms the head of Eutaw creek, which, running for about two miles, finds its way into Santee River.

The battle of Eutaw, Sept. 8, 1781, may be considered as closing the revolutionary war in South Carolina. Lord Rawdon having returned to England, the command of the British troops, in South Carolina, devolved upon Lieut. Col. Stewart. Many skirmishes and movements took place during the summer. The British having evacuated all their posts to the northward of the Santee and Congaree, and the westward of Edisto; finally, on the approach of Gen. Greene, took post at Eutaw Springs.

"On the 8th of September, at four in the morning, Gen. Greene advanced with 2,000 men, to attack them in their encampment. His army moved from the ground in the following order: The South and North Carolina militia, commanded by Gens. Marion and Pickens, and by Col. Malmedy, composed the front line; the continental troops, from North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland, led on by Gen. Sumner, Lieut. Col. Campbell, and Col. Williams, composed the second line. The legion of Lieut. Col. Lee covered the right flank; and the state troops of South Carolina, under Lieut. Col. Henderson, covered the left. Lieut. Col. Washington, with his cavalry, and Capt. Kirkwood with the Delaware troops, formed a corps de reserve. As the army advanced, the van fell in with two parties of the British, about four miles from the camp of Eutaw, and was briskly attacked; but the ene my, on receiving a heavy fire from the state troops, and a charge with the bayonet from the infantry of the legion, soon retired. On notice of the approach of the Americans, Lieut. Col. Stewart, who commanded the British army, immediately formed the line of battle. It was drawn up obliquely across the road, on the hights near Eutaw Springs. The right flank was covered by a battalion, commanded by Maj. Majoribanks, the left of which approached the road, and was concealed by a thick hedge. The road was occupied by two pieces of artillery, and a covering party of infantry. The front line of the Americans continuing to fire and advance, the action soon became general. In the heat of the engagement, Col. Williams and Lieut. Col. Campbell, with the Maryland and Virginia continentals, were ordered to charge with trailed arms; and nothing could exceed the intrepidity with which these orders were executed. The troops rushed on in good order through a tremenduous fire of artillery and musketry, and bore down all be fore them. Lieut. Col. Campbell, while leading on his men to the decisive charge, received a mortal wound. On inquiring, after he had fallen, who gave way, and being told, that the British were fleeing in all quarters, he said, 'I die contented,' and immediately expired. A part of the British line, consisting of new troops, broke, and fled; but the veteran corps received the charge of the assailants on the points of their bayonets. The hostile ranks were a short time intermingled, and the officers fought hand to hand; but Lee, who had turned the British left flank, charging them at this instant in the rear, their line was soon completely broken, and driven off the field. They were vigorously pursued by the Americans, who took upward of 500 of them prisoners. The enemy, on their retreat, took post in a large three story brick house, and in a picketed garden; and from these advantageous positions renewed the action. Four six pounders were ordered up before the house; but the Americans were compelled to leave these pieces and retire. They formed again at a short distance in the woods; but Gen. Greene, thinking it inexpedient to renew the desperate attempt, left a strong picket on the field of battle, and retired with his prisoners to the ground from which he had marched in the morning. In the evening of the next day, Lieut. Col. Stewart, leaving 70 of his wounded men and 1,000 stand of arms, moved from Eutaw toward Charleston.

The loss of the British, inclusive of prisoners, was supposed to be not less than 1,100 men. The loss of the Americans, in killed, wounded, and missing, was 555. Congress passed a vote of thanks to every corps in the army; and a resolution for presenting to Maj. Gen. Greene, "as an honorable testimony of his merit, a British standard, and a golden medal, emblematic of the battle, and of his victory.'

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East view of Furman University, at Greenville.

GREENVILLE, one of the handsomest villages in South Carolina, is at the N. terminus of the Greenville and Columbia Railroad, in the N. W. section

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CHICK'S SPRINGS.

of the state, 110 miles N. W. of Columbia, and 225 miles. from Charleston. Its situation is elevated and healthy, which renders it a favorable resort for persons who reside in the lower country. Paris Mountain, at a distance of nine miles N. from Greenville, Table Rock 25 miles, and Cesar's Head 30 miles in a N. W. direction from the village, are places of resort during the warm season of the year. The Furman University is a flourishing institution quite recently established in this place, having five or six professors. The University buildings are situated about half a mile E. from the village, on a picturesque elevation surrounded with romantic and beautiful scenery.

Reedy River, a fordable stream, is seen in the lower part of the annexed engraving; on the left appear the flour mills which are put in operation by the beautiful cascade which, at this place, flows over an immense bed of rocks. The first settlers of Greenville were mostly from Virginia and North Carolina. In 1813, there were but four or five families on the spot: those of Judge Thompson, Capt. Jeremiah Cleveland, George Washington Earle, Mrs. Wickliffe, and Capt. Roger Loveland, who came in 1813. The first house of worship erected in the place, was for all denominations, as all contributed to its erection. The Episcopalians built their first church in 1836; the Methodists next. The Baptists and Presbyterians held the first building. Rev. Wm. Johnson appears to have been the first Baptist clergyman: the first Presbyterian, the Rev. S. S. Giallard; their first church was erected in 1851.

Chick's Spring, about 10 miles from Greenville, is a place of considerable resort during the warm season. The buildings seen on the high elevation in the distance beyond the forest trees, were erected by Dr. Chick, for the accommodation of visitors. The spring itself, over which a roof is erected, is at the bottom of the valley, in the foreground, on the left.

The annexed is a north-eastern view of the home of John C. Calhoun at Fort Hill, 4 miles from the ancient village of Pendleton, S. C., and about 130 miles from Columbia, being in the extreme north-western section of the state. Mr. Calhoun resided here for about thirty years. The building was erected principally by him, by adding to an old mansion house built shortly after the first settlement of this part of the country. It is large and commodious, though not exactly in the style of modern architecture. The small structure seen on the extreme left contains his library. The house is beautifully situated on an elevation rising from the picturesque region of Seneca valley. From the portico several fine residences of wealthy proprietors in the vicinity are to be seen. In the distance appear mountainous regions of North Carolina and Georgia. The Blue Ridge, about forty miles distant, is discernable, embracing the celebrated Whiteside and Table Mountains, which rise to an elevation of between four and five thousand feet above the level of the ocean. Mr. Calhoun, during the intervals of his public life, spent much of his time in agricultural pursuits, and no one stood higher as a practical farmer or planter than he among his neighbors. The Fort Hill residence and estate, consisting of upward of eleven hundred acres, is now owned and occupied by his eldest son, Col. Andrew Pickens Calhoun, who has resided here for several years, and the appearance of his young family shows that they live in the most healthy section of the state. One of his sons, though almost an infant in years, bears in his countenance a striking resemblance to his grandfather the statesman during the latter period of his life. Col. Calhoun, who is the president of the South Carolina State Agricultural Society, has converted the Fort Hill lands from a cotton plantation to a fine stock and grain estate. He has a large herd of Devon cattle, and is introducing some of the best kind of the same blood from abroad. Col. C., besides the Fort Hill estate, has a large cotton plantation in Alabama.

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The place derived its name from there having been here anciently a stockade, called Fort Rutledge, on a hill near Mr. Calhoun's residence. This fortification was a place of refuge for the inhabitants during the Indian war in this region shortly after the close of the revolutionary contest. It is related that after the Cherokees had besieged the fort for some time without success, they had recourse to the following stratagem to draw out its inmates: They

retired from the siege, and nothing was heard from them for some time. Many persons within the fort supposing that they had left the vicinity, attempted to make good their retreat to Ninety-Six, a fortification some sixty or seventy miles distant. This unfortunate party had proceeded but a few hundred yards from the spot when they fell into an ambuscade of the enemy, who massacred the whole number excepting one. Among those who were killed was a Jew named Savadore, who was reconnoitering the country with the view of making a purchase.

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The only vestige of the fort which now remains is an old well which the inmates were forced to dig, although within a few yards of the river, as they could not venture outside of the walls but at the imminent hazard of their lives.

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The Seneca River is within a few hundred yards of Col. Calhoun's residence, passing round the base of the hill on which the fort formerly stood. It commences about two miles above the Fort Hill plantation, being formed by the junction of the Keowee and Twelve Mile rivers. This last river,

Twelve Mile, is not named in reference to its length, but, according to tradition, from the following circumstances: An Indian woman who acted as express to Ninety-Six had to cross a number of streams on her route. About

a mile from her point of departure she had to pass a stream, this was named One Mile creek; the second stream passed was twelve miles distant, this was called Twelve Mile river; the others in succession were Eighteen, TwentyThird and Twenty-Six Mile creeks, which correspond very nearly with the distance of these streams from her point of departure. There is a tradition that the Seneca Indians from the North pushed their conquests south as far as this river, when they were defeated and driven back by the Cherokees. Hence the name of the stream.

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We conclude this notice of Fort Hill by inserting here the beautiful eulogium to the memory of its once eminent occupant by Daniel Webster in the U. S. Senate:

The eloquence of Mr. Calhoun, or the manner of his exhibition of his sentiments in public bodies, was part of his intellectual character. It grew out of the qualities of his mind. It was plain, strong, terse, condensed, concise; sometimes impassioned, still always severe. Rejecting ornament, not often seeking far for illustration, his power consisted in the plainness of his propositions, in the closeness of his logic, and in the earnestness and energy of his manner. These are the qualities, as I think, which have enabled him through such a long course of years to speak often, and yet always command attention. His demeanor as a senator is known to us all-is appreciated, venerated by us all. No man was more respectful to others; no man carried himself with greater decorum, no man with superior dignity.

Sir, I have not in public or in private life known a more assiduous person in the discharge of his appropriate duties. He seemed to have no recreation but the pleasure of conversation with his friends. Out of the chambers of congress he was either devoting himself to the acquisition of knowledge pertaining to the immediate subject of the duty before him, or else he was indulging in some social interviews in which he so much delighted. His colloquial talents were certainly singular and eminent. There was a charm in his conversation not often found. He delighted especially in conversation and intercourse with young men. I suppose that there has been no man among us who had more winning manners in such an intercourse and conversation with men comparatively young than Mr. Calhoun. I believe one great power of his character in general was his conversational talent. I believe it is that, as well as a consciousness of his high integrity, and the greatest reverence for his talents and ability, that has made him so endeared an object to the people of the state to which he belonged.

Mr. President, he had the basis, the indispensable basis, of all high character, and that was, unspotted integrity, unimpeached honor and character. If he had aspirations, they were high, and honorable and noble. There was nothing groveling or low or meanly selfish that came near the head or heart of Mr. Calhoun. Firm in his purpose, perfectly patriotic and honest, as I am sure he was, in the principles that he espoused and in the measures that he defended, aside from that large regard for that species of distinction that conducted him to eminent stations for the benefit of the republic, I do not believe he had a selfish motive or selfish feeling. However, sir, he may have differed from others of us in his political opinions or his political principles, those principles and those opinions will now descend to posterity under the sanction of a great name. He has lived long enough, he has done enough, and he has done it so well, so successfully, so honorably, as to connect himself for all time with the records of his country. He is now an historical character. Those of us who have known him here will find that he has left upon our minds and our hearts a strong and lasting impression of his person, his character, and his public performances, which while we live will never be obliterated. We shall hereafter, I am sure, indulge in it as a grateful recollection that we have lived in his age, that we have been his contemporaries, that we have seen him, and heard him, and known him. We shall

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