built, and is distinguished principally as being the seat of government. The State House is a superb edifice, 166 feet long by 90 wide, and constructed of

East view of the State House, or Capitol at Raleigh.

granite taken from a quarry in the vicinity. The model of the building is from the Parthenon at Athens; it is surmounted by a handsome dome. The

Eastern view of the Insane Asylum at Raleigh.

corner-stone was laid on the 4th of July, 1833. The whole cost of the building is stated at about half a million of dollars. out; in the center is Union Square, containing ten

The city is regularly laid acres, from which extend

four streets, dividing it into four quarters. In the center of these quarters are four other squares. Beside other public buildings, the city contains a court house, the governor's house, the North Carolina Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, the North Carolina Literary, Scientific and Military Academy, The former state house, containing a beautiful marble statue of Washington, by Canova, was burned down in 1831.

etc.

The annexed engraving shows the appearance of the State Lunatic Asylum, situated on a commanding eminence upward of a mile south-west of the State House in Raleigh. The first patients were received into this building in March, 1856. The following inscription is copied from a monument in the Raleigh grave-yard:

In memory of WILLIAM POLK, born in the county of Mecklenburg, July 9th, 1758; departed this life January 14, 1831, aged 75 years 6 months and 5 days. A gallant soldier throughout the war by which the independence of his country was established. A pure and ardent patriot, inflexible in integrity, firm in friendship, and true and warm in every social affection. He possessed while living the respect and attachment of all who knew him, and left an affectionate veneration for his character deeply impressed in the hearts of his widow and children, who have caused this monument to be erected.

HILLSBOROUGH, the capital of Orange county, is situated on the Eno, a branch of the Neuse River, on the line of the Central Railroad, 44

VIEW OF THE REGULATOR BATTLE-GROUND.

The view is from the south side of the Salisbury road, which runs by the fence on the left. The opposing parties met each other in the open field north of the road. The graves of some of the slain are still to be seen by the fence.

miles N. W. of Raleigh. This place was laid out in 1759, by W. Childs, and was first called Childsburg, in honor of the then attorney general of the province. Its name was afterward changed to Hillsborough, in compliment, it is said, to the Earl of Hillsborough, the secretary of state for the colonies. During the revolutionary war, Hillsborough was a place of some note, being a kind of central spot for military operations. In the vicinity between this place and Greensboro was fought the battle of Allamance, be

tween Gov. Tryon and the Regulators, on the 16th of May, 1771, which may be considered the first battle of our war for independence.

The Regulators in redressing their grievances committed excesses-closed the superior court, and in some instances roughly handled and beat the officers of government. Gov. Tryon being informed of these proceedings dispatched his secretary to Hillsborough with a proclamation ordering the insurgents to disperse, and requiring the civil and military officers in Orange and the adjacent counties, in case of necessity, to give their assistance in restoring peace. Two of the leaders of the Regulators, William Butler and Hermann Husbands, were imprisoned.

All the efforts of Gov. Tryon to quell the rising spirit of the Regulators proved unsuccessful, and the question which now seemed to be at issue was who should rule the colony? With this view of the subject, Tryon determined to march a body of men into the chief settlements of the Regulators, and support the sheriffs in col

lecting the taxes. That he might obtain troops on whom he could depend, he wrote to the commanding officer in each county not in the opposition to draw a company of volunteers from their several regiments and hold them in readiness for service. Hugh Waddel was appointed general of the forces, and he was instructed to march with the division from Bladen, Cumberland and the western counties. These troops were to rendezvous at Salisbury on May 2d, and join the militia from the southward and eastward in Guilford county. The governor arrived at Bryant's, in Johnstone county, on the 1st of May, with 800 men. He proposed to be at the place of rendezvous on the 13th, and Gen. Waddel was to regulate his march accordingly. The general had been waiting at Salisbury for the arrival of powder from Charleston, but the Regulators fell upon the convoy and destroyed the powder. Waddel now proceeded according to his orders, but the next day after he crossed the Yadkin he received a message from the Regulators ordering him to stop. Finding many of his men averse to fighting, and being inferior in numbers, Waddel recrossed the river and with a few of his followers escaped to Salisbury.

Gov. Tryon had crossed Haw River when he was informed of Waddel's retreat. His situation had become critical, and nothing but a bold and expeditious stroke could save him. He now broke up his camp on the Eno, crossed the Haw just below the falls, and pressed forward toward the Allamance, where he understood the Regulators were collecting in force on the Salisbury road. On the 15th he crossed the Great Allemance, and encamped within six miles of the Regulators. At dawn the following morning he marched silently and undiscovered along the Salisbury road until within half a mile of the camp of the Regulators, where he formed his line in battle order. The force under Tryon was about one thousand; that of the Regulators more than double that number, but they were without competent offi

cers.

Dr. Caldwell, who was on the ground with his parishioners, now visited the gov ernor in order to induce him to abstain from bloodshed, but Tryon demanded unconditional submission. "Both parties advanced to within three hundred yards of each other, when Tryon sent a magistrate with a proclamation ordering the Regu lators to disperse within an hour. Robert Thompson, an amiable but bold, outspoken man, who had gone into Tryon's camp to negotiate, was detained a prisoner. Indignant at such perfidy, he told the governor some plain truths, and was about to leave for the ranks of the Regulators when the irritated governor snatched a gun from the hands of a militia-man and shot Thompson dead. Tryon perceived his folly in a moment, and sent out a flag of truce. The Regulators had seen Thompson fall, and, deeply exasperated, they paid no respect due to a flag but fired upon it. At this moment Dr. Caldwell rode along the lines and urged his people and their friends to disperse." Tryon, guided by his passions, gave the order to -Fire! His men hesitated, and the Regulators dared them to fire. Maddened with rage, the governor rose in his stirrups and shouted, "Fire! fire on them or on me!" A volley ensued. The cannons were discharged with deadly effect; the military commenced firing by platoons-the Regulators in an irregular manner from behind trees. Some stout young men among them rushed forward and seized the cannon of the governor, but not knowing how to use them speedily gave them up and retreated. A flag of truce was sent out by the governor to stop the battle, but it was fired on and the flag fell. The firing was now renewed with fresh vigor by Tryon's men, when the Regulators generally fled, leaving a few posted behind the trees, who continued their fatal aim until their ammunition was exhausted or they were in danger of being surrounded. Nine of the Regulators and twenty-seven of Tryon's men were killed, beside a great number wounded on both sides.

Tryon after the battle seemed actuated with a spirit of revenge on the prisoners he had taken. On the evening of the battle he hung a young man by the name of Few, and afterward, at Hillsborough, six others. Resting a few days near the battle-ground, he then went on as far as the Yadkin, offering pardon to all who should lay down their arms and take the oath of allegiance, except a few whom he named. He made a circuitous route through Stokes, Rockingham and Guilford counties, exhibiting his prisoners in chains in the villages through which he passed. He exacted an oath of allegiance from the people, levied contributions of provis

ions, and chastised those who offended him by burning their houses or destroying their crops. After this expedition Tryon returned to his palace at Newburn, where he remained but a short time, having been called to the administration of affairs in the province of New York.

The defeat on the Allamance did not break the spirits of the patriots; many of them, in order to escape the oppressions of extortioners abandoned their homes with their wives and children, went beyond the mountains, and began settlements in the fertile valleys of Tennessee. The result of the battle on the Allamance was ultimately somewhat disastrous in its effects. The oath which Tryon forced many to take was considered as binding by most of the conscientious people in this section. When the hostilities of the revolution fully commenced a large number of persons whose sympathies were with the patriots felt bound by their pledge to remain passive. "Hundreds of men with strong hearts and hands would have flocked around the standards of Gates and Greene in Guilford, Orange, and the neighboring counties, had not their oath been held too sacred to be violated."

CHAPEL HILL, a post village in Orange county, is situated on New Hope River, a branch of Cape Fear River, 28 miles W. N. W. of Raleigh and 12 from Hillsborough. The village extends about one and a half miles in length by one in breadth. Population about 1,000. It is distinguished principally as being the seat of the "University of North Carolina,"one of the most respectable institutions of the kind in the United States. The University buildings are situated in a noble grove of native oaks, and the grounds of the institution, which are very extensive, are beautifully laid out, and adorned with trees, shrubbery, etc. The structure on the left is the east building, immediately back of which the college library building is partially seen; the south building is seen in the central part; the west building appears on the right, back of which is the chapel. Beside the president, there are ten professors and four or five tutors, and generally not far from four hundred students. There are about 14,000 volumes in the libraries of the University. The annual commencement is on the first Thursday in June.

The University possesses quite a valuable collection of paintings (portraits) of distinguished persons, which are distributed in various rooms or halls in the University buildings, comprising the following persons: Rev. Dr. Caldwell, the first president of the University; Wm. R. King, late vice-president; President Polk, painted by Sully at an expense of $500; Gen. Wm. R. Davie, taken in 1800, when minister to France; Mr. Dobbin, secretary of the navy; Judge Mason, minister to France; Gov. John Owen; Gov. Swaim, now president of the University; Dr. Mitchell, late senior professor; Gov. Branch, Gov. Manly, secretary of the board of trustees; Senator Badger, secretary of the navy; Rev. Dr. Hooper, Rev. Dr. Hawks, Hon. Wm. Gaston, Chief Justice Ruffin, Capt. John Blakely, lost in the Wasp; James Mevane, Judge Murphy, and a very superior painting by Brown, an English artist, of the Hon. Wm. R. Graham.

President Swaim has in his possession the first Bible brought into North Carolina, brought by George Durant, who settled Durant Neck, Perquimans county; he has also the first newspaper, the first political pamphlet, and the first book printed in North Carolina. The president has also in his collection of antiquities a portrait of George III., on the back of which, in good preservation, is the autograph of Gen. Greene in chalk: "O George hide thy face and mourn!" When Gen. Greene was in Salisbury the portrait of the king was hanging in the room at the house where he quartered. He then wrote the foregoing with chalk upon the back and turned its face to the wall.

On Dec. 11, 1789, the Legislature of North Carolina, in accordance with the provisions of her constitution, adopted Dec. 6th, 1776, requiring all useful learning to be promoted in one or more universities, incorporated an university, with the following preamble to its charter: "Whereas in all well regulated governments it is the indispensable duty of every legislature to consult the happiness of a rising generation and endeavor to fit them for an honorable conduct of the social duties of

life, by paying the strictest attention to their education; and whereas an university supported by permanent funds and well endowed would have the most direct tendency to answer the above purpose. Be it therefore enacted, etc." Forty persons were elected as "the Trustees of the University of North Carolina."

The first meeting of the trustees was held in Fayetteville Nov. 15, 1790, and the work of gathering funds to erect buildings and maintain teachers was commenced. In December, 1791, the state made a loan of $10,000, which was afterward converted into a donation, and the trustees determined to select a site and erect buildings. According to the charter, a 'healthy and convenient situation, which shall not be situated within five miles of the seat of government, or any of the places of holding the courts of law and equity,' was to be chosen by the trus tees according to their discretion. On the 1st of November, 1792, a committee of six met at Pittsborough to determine the precise locality of the University, the

trustees having decided in August in favor of the neighborhood of Cypress Bridge, on the road from Pittsborough to Raleigh. Liberal offers were made by various proprietors to secure the location on their tracts or in their neighborhoods. On the 9th the committee unanimously chose Chapel Hill, and the same day the citi zens of the neighborhood conveyed eleven hundred and eighty acres of land to the University, and made a subscription of about $1,600 to assist in carrying the designs of the trustees into speedy execution."-Foote's Sketches of North Carolina. The North Carolina Journal, Halifax, for Sept. 25, 1793, says: "The seat of the University is on a high ridge. There is a gentle declivity of three hundred yards to the village, which is situated in a handsome plain, considerably lower than the site of the public buildings, but so greatly elevated above the neighboring country as to furnish an extensive landscape. The ridge appears to commence about half a mile directly east of the college buildings, where it rises abruptly several hundred feet; this peak is called Point Prospect. The Peak country spreads off below like the ocean, giving an immense hemisphere, in which the eye seems to be lost in the extent of space." On Oct. 12, 1793, the first lots in the village were sold, and the corner-stone of the first building was laid with Masonic procession and ceremonies by William Richardson Davie. The Rev. Dr. McCorkle, of the Presbyterian Church, the only clergyman then in the corporation, addressed the assembly at length.