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Parse the verbs and verb-phrases in the following quotations:

I. In August, even, not a breeze can stir but it thrills us with the breath of autumn. A pensive glory is seen in the far, golden gleams among the shadows of the trees.-Hawthorne.

II. Reproach did not spare Braddock even in his grave. Still, his dauntless conduct on the field of battle shows him to have been a man of fearless spirit; and he was universally allowed to be an accomplished disciplinarian. Whatever may have been his faults and errors, he expiated them by the hardest lot that can befall a brave soldier, ambitious of renown,-an unhonored grave in a strange land, a memory clouded by misfortune, and a name forever coupled with defeat.—Irving.

III. THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON.-The birthday of the "Father of his Country!" May it ever be freshly remembered by American hearts! May it ever reawaken in them a filial veneration for his memory; ever rekindle the fires of patriotic regard to the country which he loved so well; to which he gave his youthful vigor and his youthful energy during the perilous period of the early Indian warfare; to which he devoted his life, in the maturity of his powers, in the field; to which again he offered the counsels of his wisdom and his experience as president of the convention that framed our Constitution; which he guided and directed while in the chair of state, and for which the last prayer of his earthly supplication was offered up when it came the moment for him so well, and so grandly, and so calmly to die! He was the first man of the time in which he grew. His memory is first and most sacred in our love; and ever hereafter, till the last drop of blood shall freeze in the last American heart, his name shall be a spell of power and might.-Rufus Choate.

Test-Questions.

1. What is meant by mode as used in grammar?
2. What is meant by tense as used in grammar?

3. When is a verb in the indicative mode? Give two

examples.

4. What does the imperative mode express? Illustrate. 5. When is a verb in the subjunctive mode ?

6. How many tenses has each mode? Name them. 7. What is meant by the word voice as used in grammar? Illustrate.

8. What kind of verbs have voice? Give two illustrations of what is meant by voice.

9. What is meant by the word conjugation?

10. What is meant by the phrase synopsis of a verb? 11. What is meant by the phrase principal parts of a verb? Illustrate.

12. Give the principal parts of the following verbs: Explain, rely, write, shine, hurt, feel, go, smell, sit, set, lie, lay, speak, sail, run, eat, see, burn, glaze, try, smile, shut, leave, buy, alter.

13. In what important respect do the principal parts of an irregular verb differ from the principal parts of a regular verb ? Illustrate.

14. In each of two sentences, use a verb, first in the active, then in the passive voice.

15. Give the past tense and the past participle of teach, sing, read, write, arise, sit, beat, tell, walk.

EXERCISE VI.

Adverbs.

An adverb is a word used to modify the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Adverbs may be divided into four general classes,— adverbs of place, of time, of cause, of manner.

Adverbs of place answer the questions where, whither, whence. Illustrate.

Adverbs of time answer the questions when, how long, how often. Illustrate.

Adverbs of cause answer the questions why, wherefore, then. Illustrate.

Adverbs of manner and degree answer the questions how, how much.

Many adverbs have comparison; as, soon, sooner, soonest; often, oftener, oftenest; brightly, more brightly, most brightly.

The largest class of adverbs is derived from adjectives by adding the suffix ly; as, truly, clearly, hastily, wholly, splendidly, smoothly.

There is used as an expletive,-a word used to fill a vacancy, to introduce a sentence when the verb to be denotes existence; as, There were giants in those days. comes a time when we must die.

There

Many phrases have the value of single adverbs, and should be treated as such; as, by stealth, of yore, at random, at all, at once, at last, at least, in like manner, in part, in short, in vain, in general, as yet, by far, of old, of late, ere long, from far, on high, for good.

The adverb so is often used as a substitute for some preceding word or group of words; as, He is in good business, and is likely to remain so.

Some adverbs limit no particular word or words in the sentence; they are used independently; as, Why, you told me so yourself. Well, I will let you know if I decide to go.

Some adverbs throw their force upon statements, thus showing how the thought is conceived; as, Certainly I believe you. Perhaps it is true. Undoubtedly he will pay the note. Such adverbs are called adverbs of modality. Yes, no, not are classed as adverbs of modality.

A conjunctive adverb is one which expresses the adverbial relation of a dependent clause and connects it with the verb, the adjective, or the adverb which it modifies. That is, conjunctive adverbs modify and connect; as, 1. I shall meet my friend when the boat arrives. 2. Whither I go ye cannot come. 3. It is uncertain where the gypsies originated. In 1, when modifies shall meet and connects the two sentences. In 2, whither modifies go and connects the two sentences. In 3, where modifies the adjective uncertain and connects the two sentences.

The same introductory word may introduce a noun clause, an adjective clause, or an adverb clause; as, 1. Where he fell is uncertain. 2. This is the place where he lived. 3. He died where he fell.

Correct the following examples (1) with reference to choice of adverb; (2) with reference to form; (3) with reference to position.

1. Speak slow and distinct.

2. You have behaved very bad.

3. This pen does not write good.

4. At this place, the mountains are extraordinary high and remarkable steep.

5. He lived an extreme hard life.

6. An abominable ugly little woman officiated at the table.

7. The fox is an exceeding artful animal.

8. He is doing fine.

9. People say he is independent rich.

10. You have been wrong informed on the subject.

11. She dresses suitable to her station and means.

12. Agreeable to the present arrangement, I shall have to recite my Greek during the first hour.

13. The insolent proud soon acquire enemies.

14. You did the work as good as I could expect.

15. The man was so bruised that he scarce knew himself.

16. As like as not, you love her yourself.

17. I can easier raise a crop of hemp than a crop of tobacco.

18. Abstract principles are easiest learned when they are clearest illustrated.

19. A wicked man is not happy, though he be never so hardened in conscience.

20. Snow seldom or ever falls in the southern part of Texas.

21. Whether you are willing or no, you certainly will have to pay the debt.

22. Nothing farther was said about the matter.

23. It rains most every day.

24. This wheat stands most too thick.

25. Who brought me here, will also take me from hence.

26. We remained a week at Galveston, and proceeded from thence to Indianola.

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