entire Bible into the Indian language and to preach to the Indians in their native tongue. The converts that he made he gathered together into communities which settled near the English towns. These converts were taught how to build themselves log cabins and to live and dress like the English. The principal village established by Eliot was at Natick, Massachusetts. Others quickly followed Eliot's example, and several other Christian Indian villages sprang up. These communities flourished, and in a few years Eliot could count as many as four thousand converts among the Indians of Massachusetts. Eliot continued to preach until his death in 1690. Even the fierce King Philip's War could not check his success. The are perse cuted KING PHILIP, INDIAN CHIEF AND HATER OF WHITE MEN 50. King Philip. After the death of old Massasoit the friendship between Pilgrims and Indians soon came to an end. More and more white settlers came in and built homes. The Indians began to fear that they would be crowded out of the country which belonged to them and to their fathers before them. No longer were they treated with respect as at first. They were a proud people, and grew bitter because they saw that they were despised. One of the proudest of the race was Philip, son of Massasoit and ruler of his people. Several times the governor of Plymouth forced him to do things against his will. This hurt the pride of Philip, and he began to hate the English. His own people also came to him frequently with complaints against the white men. Philip grew surly, while the colonists began to distrust him. The bad feeling grew on both sides, and gradually both Indians and colonists came to believe all the evil stories that were told of each other. Both sides collected arms, powder, and lead. After a short while war with all its horrors began. The Indians burned many villages and massacred hundreds of white men, women, and children. There was much fighting, and finally the Indians were Philip completely defeated. Most of the braves were killed; is those who were captured were sold as slaves. Philip's defeated family was killed or captured. He himself fled to a and swamp, where he met death at the hands of one of his own people. INDUSTRIES, MANNERS, AND CUSTOMS The killed a hard 51. How the New England Colonists Lived. Puritans and the Pilgrims had a hard struggle in their new homes. The winters were long and colder than in England. For the cold weather they had to build warm The houses and barns, and store up much grain, hay, and Pilgrims provisions. The summers were cool and short; tobacco have and even corn did not ripen so well as in Virginia. Most struggle of the land was hilly and stony and hard to cultivate. But these things did not discourage the settlers, who merely worked so much harder. Soon they raised all the corn, wheat, cattle, and sheep they needed, and even had some left to sell. Where the streams had waterfalls they built mills with big water wheels. In these they ground their flour and meal and sawed their lumber. While the men farmed the land, or ran mills, or fished, the women also did their share of the work. They made butter and cheese, spun and wove the wool into cloth, and made many other things which now we buy from stores. The Unlike the Virginia colonists, many people of New England lived in towns and villages. They built churches, Pilgrims schools, and town halls. All the people went to church. Most of the children attended school. Whenever any question arose in which every one was interested, they talked it over at the town meeting. In these ways the New England colonists differed from the Virginians. ̧ build towns and villages SUGGESTIONS INTENDED TO HELP THE PUPIL The Leading Facts. 1. The Puritans first migrated to Holland to gain religious freedom. 2. Later they decided to go to America, where they planted the colony of Plymouth, made peace with the Indians, and began to worship in their own way. 3. John Winthrop founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony of 700 Puritans. 4. He was such a good governor that he was elected almost every year until his death. 5. John Eliot converted many Indians and established several Christian Indian communities. 6. King Philip was goaded into a war with the whites of Massachusetts. 7. He was defeated and treacherously killed. 5. Study Questions. 1. Why did the Pilgrims decide to leave England? 2. What new danger threatened them in Holland? 3. Picture the Mayflower in a storm at sea. 4. Tell the story of Miles Standish and his little army. What useful things did the Pilgrims learn from the Indians? 6. Why would putting dead fish in the hill help the corn to grow? 7. Why have Americans loved the Pilgrims so well? 8. How did the Pilgrims' treatment of the Indians compare with that of the Spaniards? 9. Tell the story of John Winthrop and the Puritans. 10. Tell the story of John Eliot. II. What did he do before he began to teach the Indians? 12. Tell the story of King Philip. Suggested Readings. PILGRIMS AND PURITANS: Pumphrey, Pilgrim Stories; Warren, The Little Pioneers; Hart, Colonial Children, 136-140, 177-182; Glascock, Stories of Columbia, 69-81; Pratt, Early Colonies, 113-123; Drake, Making of New England, 67-87, 149-186; Hart, Source Book, 45-48; Higginson, American Explorers, 341–361. JOHN ELIOT: Tappan, American Hero Stories, 59-72, 84-96. THE MEN WHO PLANTED COLONIES FOR PETER STUYVESANT, THE GREAT DUTCH GOVERNOR Peter 52. Peter Stuyvesant. This sturdy son of Holland was born at a time when his country was fighting hard Young against Spain for independence. His father was a minister, who, it may be supposed, brought up young sant Peter after the strict manner common to Dutch boys. Peter early be gan to study Latin. He was vain of his knowledge, and later took pride in showing it off to the settlers of New Amsterdam. When he left school young Peter joined the army. He found plenty of hard work; but he performed his duties as a soldier more quickly and better than some of his comrades, and before many years was given command over a Dutch colony in the West Indies. Stuyve Becomes a soldier Goes to What Stuyvesant said to the settlers Strict In an attack on a Portuguese fort Stuyvesant lost a leg and had to return to Holland. As soon as he was well the Dutch West India Company sent him to New Netherland (1647) to save that colony from the Indians. The arrival of Stuyvesant, with his little army and fleet of four vessels, brought great joy to the discouraged settlers and fur traders. He said to the people: "I shall reign over you as a father over his children." But he ruled the colony far more like a king than a father. He was not only commander in chief of the army, but was also lawmaker, judge, and governor, all in one. The new laws made by Stuyvesant showed that he intended to keep order in the colony. He forbade Sabbathorder in breaking, drunkenness, the sale of drink to the Indians New or to any one else after the nine o'clock bell had rung. Amster- He ordered the owners of all vacant lots in New Amsterdam dam to improve them, and tried to fix the location of all new buildings. He taxed traders, whether they shipped goods to Europe or brought goods into New Netherland. Stuyvesant did, indeed, restore order to the colony, but he stirred up the people until they demanded a voice in the government. He finally agreed that they might select nine of their wisest men to advise with him. They were called the council. He had no idea of following |