unlimited opportunities in education and business, and whatever openings in public life she proves fitted for. Now looking back, we can see that the greater part of what Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony so relentlessly strove for has been gained. Woman suffrage will doubtless soon cause the more backward states to give women full legal rights, and it will also enable women to work more freely for the progress of the nation.

SUGGESTIONS INTENDED TO HELP THE PUPIL

The Leading Facts. I. Women shared the hardships and dangers of the early colonists. 2. They did heroic service during the Revolution and in the later progress of the nation; but they had no legal or political rights. 3. Leaders arose among the women demanding for their sex the same rights and privileges that men had. 4. As a girl Elizabeth Cady Stanton became indignant at what she found to be the unequal position of women in almost every walk of life; she resolved to devote her life to the struggle for the rights of women. 5. In 1848 she called the first woman's rights convention, where she made the first public demand for woman suffrage. 6. She met Susan B. Anthony, a school teacher, and won her to the cause. 7. Together they organized the National Woman's Suffrage Association. 8. Their great work succeeded in making woman suffrage an election issue in many states. 9. By 1915 eleven states had been won to woman suffrage; some voting rights had been won in twenty-two other states.

12.

10. Julia Ward Howe was the daughter of wealthy parents and knew little of work. II. She began to write poetry early. When the Civil War broke out Mrs. Howe wanted to be of service to the Union. 13. She wrote "The Battle Hymn of the Republic," a song that proved a great aid to victory since it cheered the soldiers in the field. 14. After the war Mrs. Howe established women's clubs in all parts of the country for self-improvement among the women, and for social service. 15. Harriet Beecher Stowe as a girl was apt at writing.

16. She resolved to use her talent to help the slaves. 17. Uncle Tom's Cabin helped the North to win the victory

by uniting the people against slavery. 18. Frances E. Willard was raised in Wisconsin in frontier days. 19. In school she stood at the head of her class. 20. Joined the antisaloon crusade; became president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and later of the National Union. 21. Declared herself in favor of woman suffrage. 22. As president of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Miss Willard united the women of the world in a world union for the protection of the home. 23. Clara Barton took up the work of nursing after the first battles of the Civil War. 24. First in the hospitals of Washington, she finally went to the battle fields in order to give the wounded immediate help. 25. The Red Cross Society was founded in Europe; a branch was established in the United States by Miss Barton. 26. Following the great earthquake and fire in San Francisco in 1906, the Red Cross did heroic work in aiding the 250,000 people left homeless and without food.

27. Jane Addams while traveling in Europe was touched by the sight of the poverty and misery everywhere. 28. She determined to devote herself and her fortune to make better and brighter the lives of the poor. 29. She established the Hull House Social Settlement in Chicago.

Study Questions. I. How did women aid in the progress of the nation? 2. What did they do during the Revolution? during the Civil War? 3. What was their position in law and in affairs of government? 4. Who was the first to champion woman suffrage? 5. Describe Elizabeth Cady in her girlhood. What was her opinion of boys and girls? 6. To what did she determine to devote her life? 7. purpose of the woman's rights convention? 8. was first publicly made at this convention? 9. What was Miss Anthony's occupation before she met Mrs. Stanton? IO. Describe the work of these two women for the cause of

What was the
What demand

woman's rights. II. In 1915 how many states had granted women the right to vote? 12. Why did Julia Ward Howe know so little of work? 13. What did she like to do? 14. What sights did she see in Washington in 1861? 15. What did she do to serve her country? 16. How could a song count much for victory? 17. What was the purpose of women's clubs? 18. How did Harriet Beecher Stowe serve her country? 19. What book did she write? What was its effect?

Describe Frances Willard's girlhood, her home, and surroundings. 21. Why did Miss Willard take up temperance work? 22. Did Miss Willard work hard for temperance, woman's rights, and protection of the home? What makes you think so? 23. How did Miss Willard become of international influence? 24. Where did Clara Barton begin her work of nursing the wounded? 25. Where did she go then, and why? 26. Where was the Red Cross Society founded? 27. What was its purpose? 28. What great service does it perform in time of peace? 29. What was the result of the San Francisco earthquake? 30. How did the Red Cross relieve the distress? 31. How did the sight of poverty and suffering affect Jane Addams? 32. What did she determine to do? 33. What did she establish in Chicago? 34. What did the Social Settlement accomplish? 35. Was it a success?

Suggested Readings. Wade, The Light Bringers, 64-111, 142-171; Adams, Heroines of Modern Progress.

RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES OF OUR

COUNTRY

HOW FARM AND FACTORY HELPED BUILD THE NATION 228. Cotton Fields and Cotton Factories. Since the days of Eli Whitney cotton has been grown in all the The great southern states from Virginia westward to Texas, and

cotton

crop

of the southern

states

from the Gulf of Mexico north to Missouri. More than one half of all the cotton in the world is grown in southern United States. High-grade cotton is also grown in California, Arizona, and New Mexico, and California is now one of our leading cotton-producing states.

A field of growing cotton is very picturesque. Its culture employs many laborers. The number of laborers needed, however, is not the same throughout the year. In the fall, when the bolls ripen, all hands, large and small, pick cotton. This work takes several months. Then the picked cotton is put through a gin which is still built along

the lines of Whitney's invention. The cleaned cotton is pressed into large bales and is then ready for market.

The cotton seed goes to one mill, the cotton to another. For many years the seed was wasted. Farmers burned

it or threw it away. But now in all parts of the South Cotton. great mills crush the seed and make from it a valuable seed oil. What is left is cotton-seed cake, and is bought oil eagerly by cattle growers everywhere.

Only a few years ago almost all the cotton grown in the South was shipped away, either to Europe or to New England. In Massachusetts and Rhode Island cotton mills employ more people than any other industry, and great cities are supported almost entirely by manufacturing cotton goods. Now the South has also discovered that it can spin and weave its cotton at home. About many of its waterfalls is heard the hum of busy Cotton cotton mills. New cities

are growing up, and prosperity has returned to the South.

229. The Grain that Feeds the Nation. From the days of the early colonists, wheat has been one of the most valuable crops produced in this country. In the states. east of the Mississippi River the farmers have long raised it in connec

PICKING COTTON

From a photograph

tion with a variety of other crops. But as the newer lands west of this river were taken up, the settlers

mills

in the

Wheat

belt

west

of the Missis

sippi

Traction engines

Grain

elevators

Flour

mills

discovered that in that region wheat yielded more abundantly than any other crop.

From Kansas northward to Minnesota and western Canada lies a broad stretch of land which has cool spring weather and a light rainfall. This is the climate best suited to wheat, and here has developed the great wheat belt of America.

The

In this region there are vast wheat fields almost everywhere, stretching farther than the eye can see over the level surface. Most of the farms are very large, some of them including many thousands of acres. work on these places is done with the most modern machines. Traction engines are used to pull the great plows, the largest of which turn fifty furrows at a time. In harvest time an army of reaping and binding machines harvests the golden grain. The harvesting machine and the thresher have also been combined. On some of the greatest farms a hugh complex machine makes its way through the standing grain, leaving behind it rows of bags, filled with threshed grain ready for the market.

With the aid of such machinery a few people can cultivate a great many acres. As a result, the country is thinly settled. The towns are few and far between. In most of them the principal building is the grain elevator, which holds the grain until it is ready to be shipped.

From the elevators the wheat goes to the flour mills. The largest of these are in Minneapolis, in the eastern part of the wheat belt. The flour in its turn goes to feed the many millions of people in all parts of the country.

For many years this country grew much more wheat than we needed, and we shipped great quantities to Europe. But each year our growing population needs