8. Tell the story of the work in Edison's shop at Newark, New Jersey. 9. Why did he want a great library at Menlo Park? 10. How does sound travel? II. What was the trouble with Edison's first phonograph? 12. Name some of the uses of the phonograph. 13. Make a list of Edison's great inventions. 14. Tell how the first moving pictures come to be made? 15. How did the machine Edison invented differ from a real moving picture machine? 16. Who invented the first complete moving picture machine? 17. How important is the moving picture business? 18. Tell some incidents of the war which you saw in moving pictures. 19. Does your school use a moving picture machine in its classroom work? 20. How are lessons studied when moving pictures are used? 21. Where can schools get their films? 22. Name two other uses for moving pictures. 23. What earlier invention resembled the typewriter? 24. Name one simple thing the lack of which kept men from inventing a typewriter sooner. 25. Describe Sholes' first typewriter. 26. From what invention did the dictaphone come? 27. How is dictating done by means of the dictaphone? 28. What difficulty held back the progress of the automobile? 29. Name two ways in which this has been overcome. 30. How old is the automobile business? 31. How does the United States compare with other countries in number of automobiles used? 32. How did auto trucks keep the Germans from capturing Paris? 33. What is a Zeppelin or dirigible? 34. Tell about the studies of the Wright brothers. 35. What progress had others made before the Wright brothers succeeded? 36. What was unusual about Wilbur Wright's flight in 1903? 37. What is a monoplane? a biplane? a hydroplane? an airship? 38. Name some peace-time and war-time uses of airplanes. 39. Tell the story of Holland's inventions. 40. What are the uses of the submarine? 41. Name the first submarine to cross the Atlantic.

Suggested Readings. THOMAS A. EDISON: Mowry, American Inventions and Inventors, 85-89; Dickson, Life and Inventions of Edison, 4-153, 280-388.

CHRISTOPHER L. SHOLES: Hubert, Inventors, 161-163.

THE AUTOMOBILE: Doubleday, Stories of Inventors, 69–84; Forman, Stories of Useful Inventions, 161-163.

WILBUR AND ORVILLE WRIGHT: Wade, The Light Bringers. 112-141; Delacombe, The Boys' Book of Airships; Simonds,

Women

play an important part in early progress

Women's service

in war

All about Airships; Holland, Historic Inventions, 273-295.

JOHN P. HOLLAND: Corbin, The Romance of Submarine Engineering; Bishop, The Story of the Submarine; Williams, Romance of Modern Inventions, 143-165.

HEROINES OF NATIONAL PROGRESS

ELIZABETH CADY STANTON AND SUSAN B. ANTHONY,
TWO PIONEERS IN THE CAUSE OF
WOMAN'S SUFFRAGE

215. The Women of Our Nation. Women have had a large part in the progress of our nation. In colonial days women often had to defend their homes against Indians. They endured the hardships of the first settlements as bravely as did the men. They had larger rights and greater freedom than in England at that time, because their help was so plainly necessary in this new country.

By 1850 nearly one-fourth of the nation's manufacturing was done by women, but otherwise until that time women's lives were spent almost entirely in their homes. Though no colleges were open to women until 1833, many mothers knew enough of books to prepare their sons for college at home.

During the Revolution women formed a society called "Daughters of Liberty," to spin and sew for their soldiers. They gave their treasured pewter spoons and dishes to be melted up for bullets. for bullets. As women have always done, they cared for the sick and wounded after battles.

In the great Civil War, women were needed still more to nurse the wounded, for even then there was no Red Cross or large body of women who were nurses by profession to call upon. Women took the place of the men called to war in many ways, and especially in teaching schools. On both sides women worked in the fields, and sometimes

acted as spies, or served, disguised, in the ranks.

Southern

women also entered the factories in large numbers. They

had to meet even greater hardship than women in

the North, and were often face to face with starvation.

On the frontier women had always worked in the fields when necessary, and often helped to build the houses they lived in. The fearless pioneering spirit and fine, sturdy character of these women won them the highest

respect. This was one

reason why western states were the first to grant women the right to vote.

with

Long before the Civil War great leaders in the cause of woman's advancement had appeared. These leaders saw that in many ways women had proved their equality Women's with men. This encouraged them to appeal for wider equality opportunities for women, who then had almost no legal rights. The leaders now demanded the privileges enjoyed only by men. We should all know the stories of these women of wise and fearless vision.

men

Born,

216. Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Elizabeth Cady was born in New York, in 1815. Her girlhood was a happy one, spent with her brother and sisters. She was a 1815 healthy, rosy-cheeked girl, full of life and fun, who believed girls were the equals of boys and had just as much intellect.

Studies

hard

Finds

woman's position

When Elizabeth was eleven years old her brother died. Her father grieved deeply over the loss of his only son, and Elizabeth determined to try to be to her father all that her brother might have been. She therefore applied herself diligently to study and self-improvement.

Her father was a lawyer. He had been a member of Congress. Many hours out of school Elizabeth spent in his office, listening while his clients stated their cases. She unequal gradually became indignant at what she found to be the unequal position of women in almost every walk of life. She determined to devote her life to securing for women the same rights and privileges that men had.

Marries

Stanton

While studying she did not neglect the arts of houseHenry B. keeping. She regarded these as occupations of the highest dignity and importance. When twenty-five years old she married Henry B. Stanton, a lawyer and journalist who since his student days had talked and written against slavery. But she did not forget her old resolve to struggle for the rights of women, even when occupied with the duties of home and children.

Calls

woman's rights

con

vention

ation of Sentiments"

217. The First Woman's Rights Convention. In 1848 Mrs. Stanton called a woman's rights convention — the first ever held. Its purpose was "to discuss the social, civil, and religious conditions and rights of women."

Mrs. Stanton read to the convention a set of twelve "Declar- resolutions, the now famous "Declaration of Sentiments." It demanded for women equality with men and "all the rights and privileges which belong to them as citizens of the United States," including the right to vote. This was the first public demand for woman suffrage. The resolutions were passed. A storm of ridicule followed the convention, but Mrs. Stanton's position remained unchanged.

Women demand

the right

to vote

218. Susan B. Anthony. A few years after this historic convention, Mrs. Stanton met Susan B. Anthony. Susan B.

Miss Anthony was the

Anthony, 1820

daughter of Friends, or

Quakers as they are often called. She was born at South Adams, Massachusetts, in 1820. Her father maintained a school at Battenville, New York, and here Susan received her early education.

SUSAN B. ANTHONY

Teaches school

From her seventeenth birthday until she met Mrs. Stanton, Miss Anthony had been engaged in teaching school. But now the great Won to national questions of anti-slavery and temperance were the cause drawing her away from her work as a teacher. At first Miss Anthony had not been in sympathy with the rights Declaration of Sentiments, but when she met Mrs. Stanton the cause of woman's rights won an able, enthusiastic, and untiring friend.

of

woman's

From this time on these two fought side by side for the cause of women. They traveled and lectured in all parts of the country. In 1868 they started a weekly paper, which they called The Revolution. Miss Anthony National was the business manager and Mrs. Stanton was the Woman's editor. Its motto was, "The True Republic-men, Suffrage their rights and nothing more; women, their rights and Associnothing less."

In 1869 they organized the National Woman's Suffrage Association. In many states the question of woman

ation