"We love and cherish the Union. We remember with kindest feelings our common origin. . . but origin (is) to us as nothing compared with this question.

"The relation which now exists between the two races in the slave-holding states has existed for two cen- The We will not, we cannot, permit it to be Should it cost every drop of blood and

turies.

destroyed

Union in danger

THE HOME AND OFFICE OF CALHOUN, AT FORT HILL, SOUTH CAROLINA

every cent of property, we must defend ourselves. It is not we, but the Union, which is in danger."

Goes

beyond most

In slave

The Rev

Not many in the Senate agreed with Calhoun then. 1837 Calhoun went much farther in the defense of slavery holders than any of the other slaveholders would go. He declared in a great speech in the Senate that "slavery is a good, olutiona positive good." This was not the belief of the majority of even the ers did slaveholders in Congress or in the nation. Much less with had it been the view of the men who had fought out Calhoun

ary fath

not agree

Calhoun aids the annexing of Texas

Dispute

over territory

Calhoun

opposed Compromise of 1850

the Revolution, and who had made our Constitution. The majority of slaveholders still looked upon slavery, at best, as a necessary evil and one to be gotten rid of sometime and somehow. Calhoun's view that " "slavery is a good, a positive good," was an entirely new view of slavery.

Calhoun was made Secretary of State under President Tyler, and succeeded in annexing Texas to the United States. For this reason Mexico made war with the United States.

The result of the war with Mexico was the gaining of territory in the West and in the Southwest. Over this territory arose the great dispute that sent the aged

Henry Clay back to the Senate with the Compromise of 1850.

Calhoun opposed that Compromise. He was too ill to speak, and a friend read his address to a hushed and listening Senate. He declared that the Union was in danger because the Abolitionists had stirred up strife. He wanted all agitation against slavery stopped. In the second place, he wanted an equal division of territory between the North and South. "If you of the North will not do this, then let

MONUMENT TO CALHOUN AT CHARLESTON, S.C.

From a photograph of the monument, which
was designed by A. E. Harnisch

Farewell

words to

our southern states separate, and depart in peace.'
"Having faithfully done my duty to the best of my
ability, both to the Union and my section . . . I shall
have the consolation
that I am free from all ate
responsibility."

the Sen

On March 31, 1850, he breathed his last words: "The His last South! The poor South! God knows what will become words of her!"

SUGGESTIONS INTENDED TO HELP THE PUPIL

The Leading Facts. 1. Clay's father was a Baptist preacher. Young Henry went to school in a log cabin, and rode his horse to mill with a rope bridle. 2. He studied law, and went to Lexington, Kentucky, to practice. 3. Clay won his way to the hearts of the people; was elected to the House of Representatives for a great many years. 4. He favored the War of 1812; induced Congress to pass the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise Tariff of 1833. 5. Clay ran three times for president. He was author of the great Compromise of 1850. 6. Webster was a weakly child, played in the woods, and read books. 7. He was graduated at Dartmouth, taught school, studied law, and was opposed to the War of 1812. 8. Webster replied to Hayne, opposed the nullification of South Carolina, and was made Secretary of State by Harrison. 9. Supported Clay's Compromise of 1850, and was made Secretary of State by Fillmore. 10. John C. Calhoun was born in South Carolina, and studied law. II. He went to Congress, favored the War of 1812, and was afterwards made Secretary of War. 12. Calhoun thought that a state had the right to nullify an act of Congress. 13. He opposed Abolitionists and the Compromise of 1850.

Study Questions. 1. Who was the "Mill boy of the Slashes"? 2. Name some of our great men besides Clay who loved books. 3. What could Clay do better than the other boys? 4. What help did he get from the Chancellor of Virginia? 5. Why did Henry Clay form a debating club? Where was Ashland? 7. What was Clay's first great work in Kentucky? 8. What is a Speaker of the House of

6.

Representatives? 9. What did Clay do in stirring up the war spirit? 10. Why did Clay speak for the Missouri Compromise? II. What was the Compromise Tariff? 12. Why call Clay a peacemaker? 13. How many times did Henry Clay run for president? 14. Why was Clay sent back to the United States Senate in 1850? 15. Picture the scene when Clay made his last great speech.

16. Who was Webster? 17. Why did he play in the woods? 18. What proof that he loved books too? 19. Why were Daniel Webster's feelings hurt at Exeter? 20. Why did students like Webster? 21. How did he reward his parents for sending him to college? 22. What was Webster's view of the War of 1812? 23. Picture Webster in 1830. 24. Quote something from his speech in reply to Hayne. 25. Who praised Webster for his speech against nullification? 26. Do you think Harrison selected the best man for Secretary of State? 27. Why did his friends in the North blame Webster for the Seventh of March speech? 28. How were Webster's last days affected by public opinion?

29. Who was Calhoun and what did roaming in the woods and fields do for him? 30. Where did he go to college and when did he reach Congress? 31. What position did he take in the War of 1812? 32. Why did he favor the tariff and later favor the nullification of the tariff? 33. What office did President Monroe give him? 34. What effect had the "South Carolina Exposition"? 35. What did South Carolina do? 36. How was a clash averted? 37. What did Calhoun say of the Abolitionists? 38. What did he say of the Union? 39. What did he say of slavery? 40. What was Calhoun's position on the Compromise of 1850? 41. What were his last words?

Suggested Readings. HENRY CLAY: Wright, Children's Stories of American Progress, 159-178; Brooks, Century Book of Famous Americans, 145–155; Anderson, United States Reader, 281-285; Frost, The Mill Boy of the Slashes.

DANIEL WEBSTER: Baldwin, Four Great Americans, 125186; Brooks, Century Book of Famous Americans, 37-48; Hart, How Our Grandfathers Lived, 341-344; Bolton, Famous American Statesmen, 177-229.

JOHN C. CALHOUN: Brooks, Century Book of Famous Americans, 140-144; Rogers, The True Henry Clay, 248-254.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN, THE LIBERATOR
AND MARTYR

A POOR BOY BECOMES A GREAT MAN

158. The Backwoodsman Who Became President. Abraham Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky, February 12,

Lincoln, 1809

in the deep, dark forest, in the southern part of the state,
and began to build a cabin for a home. Abe worked hard
to help build it. It was not much of a house-only four-
teen feet square.
One side was left out, and here they
built the fire. It was not very warm in winter and not
very cool in summer. The hard ground was the floor.

Moves to
Indiana

at the age

of seven

Lincoln's

father

The father was a sort of carpenter, and out of rough timbers he made a table and some three-legged stools. He also made the bedsteads, which consisted of poles makes driven into the wall.

In the loft of the cabin Abe made himself a bed of leaves. Every night he climbed into the loft by means of wooden pins driven into the wall. He was busy helping cut down trees and burning them to make room for a patch of corn and pumpkins.

the furniture