sandy country grown up in pine woods. Inland also were strong and fierce tribes of Indians like the Cherokees and Creeks. The younger colonies could not live by growing tobacco. Virginia was nearer to the English market, and supplied it with most of the tobacco needed. They did raise corn and cattle for their own use. One day a ship captain from the Orient sailed into Charleston with some rice. The story runs that he gave a few handfuls of this to the governor as a curiosity. The wise old governor becomes heard that this rice had been grown in swamps, and he thought of the swamps all along the coast of Carolina important and Georgia. He had some of it planted in this wet Rice an product Indigo also grown Lumber, tar, and turpentine land, and it grew beyond all hopes. In a few years rice was produced in such quantity that it could be shipped to England, where it was thought the best on the market. Some one else discovered that the low, wet land would also grow indigo, a plant used for making a brilliant and valuable blue dye. Indigo soon brought the settlers as much money as did the rice. The great pine woods furnished lumber that was sent to Europe by the boatload. From the sap of the pine trees the colonists also learned to make turpentine and rosin. By heating or distilling the wood itself they produced tar. To this day one of the most striking sights in these states are the great sawmills and the stills, where negroes are making turpentine much as it was made a century and a half ago. When Georgia was settled Oglethorpe did not permit slaves to be brought in, and the colonists had to do all their own work. But later there were as many slaves in Georgia as in the Carolinas or Virginia. SUGGESTIONS INTENDED TO HELP THE PUPIL The Leading Facts. I. Peter Stuyvesant was sent out by the Dutch West India Company as Governor of New York. 2. He ruled the colony in his own way and gave the people very little power. 3. The council surrendered the colony to the English against the will of Stuyvesant. 4. New Netherland became the colony of New York. 5. The Dutch kept up the customs of their native country. 6. William Penn, son of a great English naval officer, became a Quaker while a student at Oxford. 7. He founded a colony in America on a tract of land given him in payment of the king's debt to his father. 8. Penn gave the colonists the right to choose their own rulers and to make their own laws. 9. He gave a free constitution and made friends with the Indians. 10. He founded the city of Philadelphia, which grew faster than the other colonial towns. II. The Quakers were gentle and friendly to everybody. 12. All religions were welcomed in the colony. 13. When a friend of Oglethorpe's died in a debtors' prison, Oglethorpe determined to do something for the unfortunates shut up in jail for debt. 14. He obtained a charter from the king for some land in Georgia. 15. In his selection of settlers no lazy men were allowed. 16. The town was built near the mouth of the Savannah River. 17. The Savannah colony flourished, and many other settlers came to Georgia. 18. Oglethorpe built Frederica to keep back the Spaniards. 19. The colonies south of Virginia thrived on the production of rice, indigo, lumber, tar, and turpentine. Study Questions. I. Tell the story of Peter Stuyvesant until the time he became governor. 2. What reforms did Stuyvesant bring to the colony? 3. How did he rule? 4. What part did the nine men play in the government? 5. What were they called? 6. Why were the people glad when the English fleet came? 7. What did William and Mary do for the colony? 8. Tell what you know about the way the Dutch lived. 9. Why should the students at Oxford be surprised to hear that William Penn had turned Quaker? 10. Why did his father drive him from home? II. What shows that William Penn did not waste his time in Paris? 12. Who made peace between Penn and his father? 13. What was William Penn's noble resolution? 14. How did Penn come into possession of Pennsylvania? 15. Prove that Penn was a Fort nac built very generous man. 16. Why did William Penn call his town the "city of brotherly love"? 17. Make a picture of the great treaty under the elm. 18. Tell the story of Oglethorpe. 19. Why did Charleston lend a helping hand to Oglethorpe's colony? 20. Where did the settlers of Georgia come from? 21. What did Oglethorpe build Frederica for? 22. What did the colonists south of Virginia raise? Suggested Readings. STUYVESANT: Williams, Stories from Early New York History, 21-32; Smith and Dutton, The Colonies, 189-202. PENN: Pratt, Early Colonies, 158-165; Hart, Colonial Children, 144-148, Dixon, William Penn, 11-273. OGLETHORPE: Smith and Dutton, The Colonies, 78-89; Pratt, Early Colonies, 173-176; Hart, Source Book, 71-73: Cooper, James Oglethorpe. ROBERT CAVELIER DE LA SALLE, WHO LA SALLE PUSHED FORWARD THE WORK BEGUN BY JOLIET 60. Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle. While Joliet and Marquette were on their long journey, Frontenac was making use of another fur trader, La Salle, and of another missionary, Hennepin. La Salle belonged to a rich French family, and had left home at the age of twenty-three (1666) for the wild life in the American forests. He first built a fort-like post just above Montreal and named it Lachine, because he supposed it was located on the route to China. In 1673 he helped build Fort Frontenac where the Canadian city of Kingston now stands. La Salle returned home, and the king received him. with honor and made him governor of the region around Fort Frontenac. He came back and built a great stone fort. Settlers soon came and built their cabins around the fort, making a little frontier village. Here the fur trader came each season with his pack, and here the faithful missionary said good-by before plunging into the wilds of the unknown wilderness, perhaps never to return. LA SALLE Reproduced from a design based on an old engraving La Salle was growing rich, but he longed to make good his country's right to the La Salle richer soil and to the milder climate of the Mississippi not conValley. Once more he returned to France, and the king tent to gave him permission to explore the great valley and to only build forts along the way. get rich La Salle came back bringing sailors, carpenters, anchors, and cables, for he intended to build a ship on the lakes. But best of all, he brought Tonti, his faithful HenneItalian friend and helper. Hennepin, the missionary, his altar carried an altar so made that he could strap it on his back and set it up for worship wherever he chose. La Salle had resolved to build his first fort at the mouth of the Niagara River, but the Iroquois permitted him to build only a large storehouse. They were greatly displeased when he set about building a ship above Niagara to sail the Great Lakes to the west, and threatened to burn it. pin and ILLINOIS INDIANS ship on the Great Alton GULF OF ROUTES OF THE FRENCH MISSIONARIES ing over the Griffin. Amid the firing of cannon and the singing of songs she spread her sails, the first to whiten the waters of Lake Erie. On they sailed, through sunshine and storm, up Lake Huron until the mission town where Marquette was buried came into view. When the Griffin fired her cannon, all was astir in that town of fur traders, missionaries, and Indians. La Salle's men landed with great show. They marched to the little chapel and knelt before the altar. La Salle then sailed through the straits and to the head of Green Bay, where some of his men, sent out many months before, had collected a great quantity of furs. Laden with these, the Griffin |