and even in South America. De Quatrefages, the great French ethnologist, argues from this that they were descended from Africans. "If this be so," says Hammond, "it explains why De Ayllon persisted in slave-hunting about Beaufort (1521), these negroes being valuable as laborers, while the Indians were worthless. It were strange, too, if negroes first occupied this section where they now predominate."

Seewees.-The Seewees are a tribe of more than usual interest, whose name is preserved in Seewee Bay. It was a small tribe, but it undertook a huge task and gained a fairly large place in history by the enormity of its folly, because it attempted to open direct communication, by a fleet of canoes, across the tempestuous Atlantic, in the direction from which they observed the English had come. Those that were not captured on the high seas and put into slavery in the West Indies, went to the bottom of the ocean.

Indian Missions to England.-The Indian tribes of South Carolina sent two missions, under white leaders, to the English court. One was headed by Alexander Cumming and the other by General Sumter. With Cumming went Skiajagusta, and with Sumter Occonastota. Skiajagusta's speech in reply to the address of the King is of superior merit.

Indian Massacres.-The Indian massacres that occurred within the borders of South Carolina are among the most horrible of all in America, and two of the most famous families in the history of the State, the Hamptons and Calhouns, came very near being wholly

destroyed. John Barnwell, as we have already seen, won his sobriquet of "Tuscarora" by being one of the most successful Indian fighters in American history, yet his grave in the Beaufort churchyard bears to this day no memorial stone. There were massacres in the low country at Pocotaligo, Monck's Corner, Fort Prince George, Goose Creek, Port Royal, and St. Bartholomew, a name already identified with one of the most blood-curdling massacres in history, and as many horrors of the same character in the up-country are related in another chapter.

War With the Yamassees.-The Yamassees were assisted in their war by the Catawbas, Cherokees, and the Congarees. It is worthy of record that the relations between North and South Carolina were made most friendly by the Indian wars. South Carolina, having first helped North Carolina in her distress, was most generously assisted by North Carolina in return. There was a marked contrast between the conduct of North Carolina and that of Virginia toward South Carolina during her time of calamity in these Indian wars. Virginia helped only for pay, and made herself exceedingly disagreeable in exacting it.

There are some Indian names of distinction in South Carolina history that should be mentioned. Of these, Ovade, Audusta, Tomochichi, Occonastota, Attakallakulla, Knafekebee, Yalangway, and Skiajagusta are the most notable. It is worthy of remark that a great many Indian names are perpetuated in the names of our rivers.

Indian Confederacy. It is an exceedingly interesting fact that the most wisely formed and powerful confederacy of separate bodies, tribes, or clans, which we find in the annals of the government of savage peoples, was formed on the American continent by the Iroquois Indians, constituting what is known as the League of the Six Nations. Some have called these Indians the "Romans of America," on account of their masterful grasp of governmental principles. This organization was in the nature of a federal republic of striking similarity to ours, the most powerful government in the world.

Priber's Plot Against English. It is not generally known, however, that as late as 1736 Christian Priber, educated as a German Jesuit, came to South Carolina as a special agent of France-a man of profound erudition-a Greek, Latin, and Hebrew scholar, and made the fullest study of Indian life. He became

accomplished in the use of the Cherokee tongue and married an Indian woman, in order that he might organize the Indians of this region of America, drive out the English and repossess the hunting grounds, and collect and sell furs to the French. He avowed his purpose to be to educate and teach the useful arts to the Indians, that he might crush every colony of whites in North America. He was captured on the way to Mobile by English traders and soon sickened and died in confinement. It is probable that Priber's arrest and death saved the white settlers of South Carolina and Georgia from utter destruction, as there is no doubt that he was a skilful organizer, a man of extraordinary powers, patient, persevering, self-contained, and possessing high qualities of leadership. By the colonists his early end was regarded as the work of a kind Providence, but the evils that he started did not end with his life, for the Indians had imbibed from him a vicious spirit that made them thirst for English blood and resort to many atrocious deeds.

Indians Today.-The impression that the Indians are rapidly dying out is a false one. There are, perhaps, as many Indians in America today, though occupying but small part of American soil, as were ever here at any one time, and one authority contends that the quantity of Indian blood now in the veins of mixed breeds would equal the quantity that was ever in the veins of all the full-blooded Indians of America in any single genera

CHAPTER VI

THE PEOPLING OF THE STATE

Attracting Settlers. In order to attract settlers, the Proprietors offered to all immigrants lands at twenty pounds for one thousand acres; where cash could not be paid, an annual rent of one penny an acre was required. For the first five years every freeman was offered one hundred acres, and every servant fifty acres, at an annual rent not exceeding half a penny an acre. The efforts and progress in peopling the colony's territory may be noted in order as follows:

1671. The Proprietors granted land to a colony from the Barbados, under Sir John Yeamans.

1674. The Proprietors furnished two small vessels to remove a Dutch colony from Nova Belgia (New York) to John's Island, whence they spread into the surrounding country.

1679. Charles II provided, at his own expense, two small vessels to transport foreign Protestants, chiefly French Huguenots, to Charles Town.

1696. Members of a Congregational Church, with Joseph Lord, their pastor, removed in a body from Dorchester, Massachusetts, to the neighborhood of Charles Town.

1700. It is worthy of record that there were several Jews in Charles Town prior to 1700. They lived like