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merely to suffer the cottagers to plant potatoes on parts of it, without making them tenants in law of those parts; this is done with a view of speedily parting with any of them, if circumstances should render it necessary, without subjecting himself to those legal difficulties which might arise, if they were strictly tenants from year to year.

The influence which the personal comfort of the poor has upon their moral character, is not always sufficiently considered; it is natural enough that they should feel disheartened and discouraged, when, as is too often the case, their utmost exertions prove insufficient to procure an adequate supply of bread for their starving children can it be wondered at, if, under these circumstances, their spirits become broken; if cleanliness in their persons and their families be neglected; and even their minds, by continued depression, become degraded? To better their condition, therefore, must, in this point of view, be considered as a great step towards improving their morals. When a poor man perceives that it is possible by exertion to provide more comfortably for his family, every little success is likely to operate as an additional stimulus to his industry;-his spirits rise; he begins to feel himself of some consequence, and that he has a character to sustain; he who before was a discontented and burdensome member of the community, now becomes not only cheerful and happy, but interested in preserving that order and decorum, without which society could not exist. The proprietors of landed estates would consult their own interest, by imitating the bright example of the benevolent individual mentioned in the foregoing pages, while they would experience those higher gratifications, which, by a law of our nature, result from diffusing comfort and happiness among our fellow-creatures.

Conscia mens ut cuique sua est, ita concipit intra
Pectora pro facto spemque metumque suo.

OVID, Fast. i.

AMONG the various incentives to those social and benevolent feelings, that afford the higher satisfactions of humanity, I have been accustomed to regard with peculiar pleasure the

writings of Addison. If to wean the mind from folly, by engaging it on the side of virtue, and to draw the attention of his countrymen from the speculative pursuits of life to the more appropriate business of the heart, be an undertaking worthy of applause, Addison deserves to be ranked as a bencfactor of mankind. He was a scholar who, devoting his attention to study and a cultivation of the elegant arts, acquired a useful and extensive acquaintance with the manners of the living and the wisdom of the dead: scenes of past ages were familiar to his view; and, walking through the groves of Athens or through the Roman camp, he conversed with their philosophers and heroes, and united in his lucubrations all that the ancients and moderns have left for the instruction of posterity. He loved christianity; and while he occasionally forsook the higher regions of learning to become a pleasing instructor in the walks of domestic life, he remembered that virtue was the only basis of solid satisfaction, and taught its important advantages to a listening world. Virtuous dispositions conduce so greatly to that true enjoyment which was intended by the author of all good for the consolation of man, that when we see the greater part of the human species, though intent on their own happiness, wilfully neglect those means which point the way to its abode, and turn aside from the path of virtue, to pursue fading phantoms of their own imagination, we naturally feel a melancholy thought to oppress the mind, and reflect with sorrow on the vitiated and corrupt propensities of our fellow-creatures. Virtue gives the greatest capacities of enjoyment to man it gives a peaceful spirit, contentment, good will, and cheerfulness of heart. The gaiety exhibited by the sons of pleasure in the pursuit of imaginary happiness, is the gaiety of a moment, and is as essentially distinct from true enjoyment, as the rewards to which they respectively lead are from each other.

Cheerfulness is the natural concomitant of virtue; it is one of the most amiable traits in the social intercourse of life, and forms at the same time so necessary an ingredient in human happiness, that when I see a fellow-creature walking mournfully along through life, complaining only of its hardships, and exhibiting a careless indifference to its enjoyments; lamenting his lot without exertion to improve it, and looking rather at the dark than the brighter tints of the sublunary picture; I am ready to say, that such an one "walketh in a vain shadow, and disquieteth himself in vain."

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Life has many enjoyments, and though dark clouds may frequently arise to obscure its atmosphere, the sun shines often with cheering radiance in a cloudless sky. To receive with thankfulness the gifts of Providence, and to enjoy the benefits allotted us with a cheerful serenity, is undoubtedly pleasing in his sight, who loves to promote our happiness; and as we feel a disposition for true enjoyment in the approbation of a peaceful conscience and a sense of divine mercy, we shall soon participate in the happiness of others, and endeavour on every occasion, by our conduct, to promote it.

Cheerfulness contributes so greatly to individual and social enjoyment, and a want of it so much to unhappiness of mind, that a morose man, regarding himself in the mirror reflec tion, would start with surprize at his own features. Not only willing to taint, by his own conduct, the streams of enjoyment as they flow to others, he drinks of the waters himself has embittered, and wanders in the tracts of life, hopeless, solitary and forlorn.

In loving a cheerful disposition, we act but the part of nature, which prompts us to the admiration of every thing pleasing in man. So far removed is a gloominess of mind from the precepts of true virtue actuating the heart, that of all classes of human society, the virtuous are alone competent to a full exercise of cheerful delight. Man was born for immortality and a state of perpetual blessedness; and though the choice of a glorious or miserable eternity is equally open before him, the silent but directing monitor in the heart, would teach him to pursue his glorious destination, and aspire to the realms allotted for the virtuous.

Eternity is a subject, on which humanity, foiled in its powers, must sink in admiration, and where reason subjected to faith, must cease its operations. The faculties of man, wisely limited by omnipotence, are not formed for the com prehension of eternal things. That time exists, and that man is only a probationer for a future life, is acknowledged by every thinking mind; and what thought more noble can occupy its powers? When all the sons of Adam are considered as pilgrims on the same high road, journeying to ob tain the rewards of futurity, and to meet at the judgment seat, how must every emotion of pride, and anger, and revenge, which lacerate the human bosom, die within it, and the benign qualities of peace and good will exalt themselves in our view! No longer strangers in a strange land, we should feel the influence of the gospel creed, and embrace in one

wide circle, all the family of mankind as brethren. Such contemplations are the balm of life; they exalt and purify the mind; they are the antidotes to evil: and in short, to use the language of the poet, they serve

"the virtuous mind to wake

As the small pebble stirs the peaceful lake;
The centre mov'd, a circle straight succeeds,
Another still, and still another spreads;
Friend, parent, neighbour, first it will embrace;
His country next; and next all human race.
Wide and more wide, the o'erflowings of the mind
Take every creature in of every kind;
Earth smiles around with boundless plenty blest,
And heaven beholds its image in his breast.

POPE,

C.

Account of the Massacre of the Crew of the Ship BOYD, on the Coast of New Zealand.

THE HE following account of the massacre of the crew of the ship Boyd, on the coast of New Zealand, which lately appeared in the public prints, we doubt not has been perused by many of our readers; but as this statement corrects the first details of this dreadful affair, which laid the blame upon a chief of that country, of the name of Tippahee, whom we are glad now to see fully exonerated from the base charge of cruelty and ingratitude; and lays it upon the conduct of the captain of the vessel towards some New Zealanders, who had acted as seamen on board the ship; we think ourselves called upon to insert that account, together with extracts from some other publications.

FROM THE SYDNEY (NEW SOUTH WALES) GAZETTE.
SEPTEMBER 1, 1810.

Destruction of the Boyd.

"We mentioned in our last, that Captain CHACE had received at New Zealand a particular account from an Otahei tan, of the loss of the above vessel; which we premise by stating, upon the foregoing authority, that when the Boyd went from hence, she had on board four or five New Zealan

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ders, who made part of her crew. These people were displeased at their treatment on the passage, and determined on revenge. On their arrival, they communicated their complaints to their friends and relatives, who were of the Whangarooa party, and frequently at war with Tippahee and his subjects; and the design of taking the ship was formed in consequence. It being Captain THOMPSON's intention to take in a quantity of spars, he applied to the natives for assistance in procuring them, which they promised; but, in order to entice him on shore, artfully objected to perform, until he should accompany them to point out such as he might best approve.The Captain was thereby prevailed on to leave the vessel, accompanied by his chief officer, with three boats manned, to get the spars on board, the natives who had arrived in the ship being of the party, which was accompanied by a number of others in their canoes. The boats were conducted to a river, on entering which they were out of sight of the ship; and after proceeding some distance up, Captain THOMPSON was invited to land, and mark the spars he wanted. The boats landed accordingly, the tide being then beginning to ebb, and the crews followed to assist in the work. The guides led the party through various parts of the wood that were least likely to answer the desired end, thus delaying the premeditated attack until the boats should be left by the effluence of the tide sufficiently high to prevent an escape; which part of the horrible plan accomplished, they became insolent and rude, ironically pointing at decayed fragments, and inquiring of Captain THOMPSON whether they would suit his purpose or not? The natives belonging to the ship then first threw off the mask, and in opprobrious terms upbraided Captain THOMPSON with their mal-treatment; informing him at the same time, that he should have no spars there but what he could procure himself. The Captain appeared careless of the disappointment, and with his people turned towards the boats; at which instant they were assaulted with clubs and axes, which the assailants had till then concealed under their dresses; and although the boats' crews had several muskets, yet so impetuous was the attack, that every man was prostrated before one could be used. Captain THOMPSON and his unfortunate men were all murdered on the spot, and their bodies were afterwards devoured by the murderers, who, clothing themselves with their apparel, launched the boats at dusk the same evening, and proceeded towards the ship, which they had determined also to attack. It being very dark

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