40

1598.

attempt of

to form a set

VIII. MARQUIS DE LA ROCHE-1. 'In 1598, the 1. What is Marquis de la Roche, a French nobleman, received said of the from the king of France a commission for founding a De la Roche French colony in America. Having equipped several tlement? vessels, he sailed with a considerable number of settlers, most of whom, however, he was obliged to draw from the prisons of Paris. On Sable* island, a barren spot near the coast of Nova Scotia, forty men were left to form a settlement.

What was

the colony?

2. La Roche dying soon after his return, the colo the Jonists were neglected; and when, after seven years, a vessel was sent to inquire after them, only twelve of them were living. The dungeons from which they had been liberated were preferable to the hardships which they had suffered. The emaciated exiles were carried back to France, where they were kindly received by the king, who pardoned their crimes, and made them a liberal donation.

1602. 3. Give an

a. April 5.

IX. BARTHOLOMEW GOSNOLD.-1. 3In 1602, Bartholomew Gosnold sailed from Falmouth,† England, the voyage and abandoning the circuitous route by the Canaries of Gosnold. and the West Indies, made a direct voyage across the b. Note p. 22. Atlantic, and in seven weeks reached the American c. Note p. 14. continent, probably near the northern extremity of d. May. Massachusetts Bay. Not finding a good harbor, and 4. What dis sailing southward, he discovered and landed upon a he make? promontory which he called Cape Cod. Sailing thence, and pursuing his course along the coast, he f. June 1-4. discovered several islands, one of which he named Elizabeth,|| and another Martha's Vineyard. T

e. May 24.

*Sable island is 90 miles S.E. from the eastern point of Nova Scotia.

Falmouth is a seaport town at the entrance of the English Channel, near the south western extremity of England. It is 50 miles S.W. from Plymouth, has an excellent harbor, and a roadstead capable of receiving the largest fleets.

Massachusetts Bay is a large bay on the eastern coast of Massachusetts, between the headlands of Cape Ann on the north, and Cape Cod on the south.

Cape Cod, thus named from the number of codfish taken there by its discoverer, is 50 miles S.E. from Boston.

Elizabeth Islands are a group of 13 islands south of Buzzard's Bay, and from 20 t 30 miles E. and S.E. from Newport, Rhode Island. Nashawn, the largest, is 7 and a half miles long. Cattahunk, the one named by Gosnold Elizabeth Island, is two miles and a half long and three quarters of a mile broad.

Martha's Vineyard, three or four miles S.E. from the Elizabeth Islands, is 19 miles in length from E. to W. and from 3 to 10 miles in width. The island called by Gosnold Martha's Vineyard is now called No Man's Land, a small island four or five miles south from Martha's Vineyard. When or why the name was changed is not known.

2. 'Here it was determined to leave a portion of the crew for the purpose of forming a settlement, and a storehouse and fort were accordingly erected; but distrust of the Indians, who began to show hostile intenions, and the despair of obtaining seasonable supplies, defeated the design, and the whole party embarkeda 2. or England. The return occupied but five weeks, nd the entire voyage only four months. 3. Gosnold and his companions brought back so favorable reports of the regions visited, that, in the folowing year, a company of Bristol merchants dispatched two small vessels, under the command of Martin Pring, for the purpose of exploring the country, and opening a traffic with the natives. Pring landed on the coast of Maine, discovered some of its principal rivers, and examined the coast of Massachusetts as far as Martha's Vineyard. The whole voyage occupied but six months. In 1606, Pring repeated the voyage, and made a more accurate survey of Maine. X. DE MONTS.-1. In 1603, the king of France grantede to De Monts, a gentleman of distinction, the sovereignty of the country from the 40th to the 46th degree of north latitude; that is, from one degree south of New York city, to one north of Montreal.s ingh with two vessels, in the spring of 1604, he arrived at Nova Scotia in May, and spent the summer in trafficking with the natives, and examining the coasts preparatory to a settlement.

5Sail

2. Selecting an island near the mouth of the river St. Croix,* on the coast of New Brunswick, he there erected a fort and passed a rigorous winter, his men suffering much from the want of suitable provisions. "In the following spring, 1605, De Monts removed to 7 a place on the Bay of Fundy ;† and here was formed

*The St. Croix river, called by the Indians Schoodic, empties into Passamaquody Bay at the eastern extremity of Maine. It was the island of the same name, a few miles up the river, on which the French settled. By the treaty of 1783 the St. Croix was made the eastern boundary of the United States, but it was uncertain what river was the St. Croix until the remains of the French fort were discovered.

†The Bay of Fundy, remarkable for its high tides, lies between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. It is nearly 200 iniles in length from S.W. to N.E. and 75 miles across at its entrance, gradually narrowing towards the head of the bay. At the entrance the tide is of the ordinary height, about eight feet, but at the head of the bay it rises 60 feet, and is so rapid as often to overtake and sweep off animals feeding on the shore.

1605. the first permanent French settlement in America.

1608.

1. What

more is said

of

De Monts?

2. Give an acconent of the

voyage of

and the

a. April 13.

The settlement was named Port Royal,* and the whole country, embracing the present New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the adjacent islands, was called ACADIA.

3. In 1608, De Monts, although deprived of his former commission, having obtained from the king of France the grant of the monopoly of the fur trade on the river St. Lawrence, fitted out two vessels for the purpose of forming a settlement; but not finding i convenient to command in person, he placed them under Samuel Champlain, who had previously visited. those regions.

4. The expedition saileda in April, and in June arrived at Tadoussac, a barren spot at the mouth of the Champlain Saguenay† river, hitherto the chief seat of the traffic settlement in furs. Thence Champlain continued to ascend the of Quebec. river until he had passed the Isle of Orleans, when he selected a commodious place for a settlement, on the site of the present city of Quebec, and near the d. Note p. 34. place where Cartier had passed the winter, and erected a fort, in 1541. From this time is dated the first permanent settlement of the French in New France or Canada.

b. June 3. c. July 3.

1606.

2. What is said of

North Vir

XI. NORTH AND SOUTH VIRGINIA.-1. In 1606 James the 1st, of England, claiming all that portion of North America which lies between the 34th and ginia and the 45th degrees of north latitude, embracing the counVirginia? try from Cape Fears to Halifax, divided this territory into two nearly equal districts; the one, cailed NORTH VIRGINIA, extending from the 41st to the 45th degree;

South

*Port Royal (now Annapolis), once the capital of French Acadia, is situated on the east bank of the river and bay of Annapolis, in the western part of Nova Scotia, a short distance from the Bay of Fundy. It has an excellent harbor, in which a thousand ves sels might anchor in security.

The Saguenay river empties into the St. Lawrence from the north, 130 miles N.E from Quebec.

The Isle of Orleans is a fertile island in the St. Lawrence, five miles below Que bec. It is about 25 miles long and 5 broad. (See Map, p. 189.)

Cape Fear is the southern point of Smith's island, at the mouth of Cape Fear river, on the coast of N. Carolina, 150 miles N.E. from Charleston. (See Map, p. 155.)

Halifax, the capital of Nova Scotia, is situated on the S.W side of the Bay of Chebucto, which is on the S.E. coast of Nova Scotia. The town is 10 miles from the sea, and has an excellent harbor of 10 square miles. It is about 450 miles N.L. from Boston.

and the other, called SOUTH VIRGINIA, from the 34th to 1606. the 38th.

2. The former he granted to a company of "knights, gentlemen, and merchants," of the west of England, called the Plymouth Company; and the latter to a company of "noblemen, gentlemen, and merchants," mostly resident in London, and called the London Company. The intermediate district, from the 38th to the 41st degree, was open to both companies; but neither was to form a settlement within one hundred miles of the other.

3. The supreme government of each district was to be vested in a council residing in England, the members of which were to be appointed by the king, and to be removed at his pleasure. The local administration of the affairs of each colony was to be committed to a council residing within its limits, likewise to be appointed by the king, and to act conformably to his instructions. The effects of these regulations 3. What were, that all executive and legislative powers were placed wholly in the hands of the king, that the colonists were deprived of the rights of self-government,— and the companies received nothing but a simple charter of incorporation for commercial purposes.

4. Soon after the grant, the Plymouth Company dispatched a vessel to examine the country; but before the voyage was completed she was captured by the Spaniards. Another vessel was soon after sent out for the same purpose, which returned with so favorable an account of the country, that, in the following year, the company sent out a colony of a hundred planters under the command of George Popham.

5. They landed at the mouth of the Kennebec, 5. Of the at where they erected a few rude cabins, a store-house, 'tlement at and some slight fortifications; after which, the vessels Kennebec. sailed for England, leaving forty-five emigrants in the plantation, which was named St. George. The winter was intensely cold, and the sufferings of the colony,

*The Kennebec, a river of Maine, west of the Penobscot, falls into the ocean 12 miles N.E. from Boston.-The place where the Sagadahoc colony (as it is usually called) passed the winter, is in the present town of Phippsburg, which is composed of a long narrow peninsula at the mouth of the Kennebec river, having the river on the east Hills Point, a mile above the SE corner of the peninsula, was the site of the colons

44

VOYAGES AND DISCOVERIES.

[PART L

1606. from famine and hardships, were extremely sever. They lost their store-house by fire, and their president by death; and, in the following year, abandoned the settlement and returned to England.

1. Of the expedition

sent out by

the London

Company.

a. Dec. 30.

b. Note p. 38.

6. 'Under the charter of the London Company, which alone succeeded, three small vessels, under the command of Captain Christopher Newport, sailed for the American coast in December, 1606, designing to lard and form a settlement at Roanoke. Pursuing the old route by the Canaries and the West Indies," Newport did not arrive until April; when a storm fortu e. May 6. nately carried him north of Roanoke into Chesapeake Bay.*

c. Note p. 22.

d. Note p. 14.

2. Give an account of the settlement of

7. 2Sailing along the southern shore, he soon entered a noble river which he named James River,† and, Jamestown. after passing about fifty miles above the mouth of the £ May 23. stream, through a delightful country, selected a place for a settlement, which was named Jamestown. Here was formed the first permanent settlement of the English in the New World,-one hundred and ten years after the discovery of the continent by Cabot, and fortyone years from the settlements of St. Augustine in Florida.

g. See p 36.

*The Chesapeake Bay, partly in Virginia, and partly in Maryland, is from 7 to 20 miles in width, 180 miles in length from N. to S., and 12 miles wide at its entrance, between Cape Charles on the N. and Cape Henry on the S.

†The James River rises in the Alleghany Mountains, passes through the Blue Ridge, and falls into the southern part of Chesapeake Bay. Its entrance into the bay is called Hampton Roads, having Point Comfort on the north, and Willoughby Point on the south.

Jamestown is on the north side of James river, 30 miles from its mouth, and 8 miles S.S.W. from Williamsburg. The village is entirely deserted, with the exception of one or two old buildings, and is not fou d on modern maps.

VERRAZANI.

RALEIGH,

JOHN SMITH,