1. Give an

the cou, se

Gen Jack

vasion of

1818. 5. General Jackson, however, instead of calling on the addressed a circular to the patriots of governors, account of West Tennessee; one thousand of whom immediately adopted by joined him. At the head of his troops, he then marched son, his in- into the Indian territory, which he overran without opthe Indian position. Deeming it necessary to enter Florida for terum the subjugation of the Seminoles, he marched upon St. St Mark's, a feeble Spanish post, of which he took pos of Arbuth session, removing the Spanish authorities and troops Ambrister. to Pensacola. A Scotchman and an Englishman, a. N. p. 24. Arbuthnot and Ambrister, having fallen into his hands, were accused of inciting the Indians to hostilities, tried by a court-martial, and executed.

capture of

and the fate

not and

b. May 24. c. May 27.

6. He afterwards seized Pensacola itself; and, having reduced the fortress of the Barancas,* sent the capture of Spanish authorities and troops to Havanna. The pro

2. Of the

Pensacola.

the proceed

3. How were ceedings of General Jackson, in the prosecution of this ings of Gen. War, have been the subject of much animad version. Jackson re- The subject was extensively debated in congress, du

garded?

4. What is said of Illinois ?

1819.

5. Of East

and West

Florida!

Of Maine 1820.

ring the session of 1818-19, but the conduct of the general met the approbation of the president; and a resolution of censure, in the house, was rejected by a large majority.

7. In August, 1818, Illinoist, which had been taken from Indiana Territory in 1809, adopted a state constitution, and in December was admitted into the Union. In the same year, Alabama‡ became a State. 'In February, 1819, the United States obtained from Spain a cession of East and West Florida; but the treaty was not finally ratified by the King of Spain until October, 1820. 'Early in 1820, the province of Maine, which had been connected with Massachusetts since 1652, was separated from it, and became an independent State.

* This fortress is on the west side of the entrance into Pensacola Bay.

+ ILLINOIS, having the Mississippi River on her western border, the Ohio on the southern, the Wabash on the east, and Lake Michigan on the north-east, is very favorably situated for internal trade; and in agricultural capabilities she is not sur passed by any state in the Union.

ALABAMA. The southern part of the state, which borders on the Gulf of Mexico, is low and level, sandy and barren; the middle portions are somewhat hilly, Interspersed with fertile prairies; the north is broken, and somewhat mountainous. For a description of Maine, see Note, p. 81.

1820.

1. What is

aid of the

debate on

question?

8.. 'Missouri had previously applied for admission. A proposition in congress, to prohibit the introduction of slavery into the new state, arrayed the South against the North, the slaveholding against the non-slavehold- me Missour ing states, and the whole subject of slavery became the exciting topic of debate throughout the Union. The 1821. Missouri question was finally settled by a compromise, the question which tolerated slavery in Missouri, but otherwise prohibited it in all the territory of the United States north. and west of the northern limits of Arkansas; and in August, 1821, Missouri* became the twenty-fourth state in the Union.

2. How was

settled?

said of the

presidentia

election of 1820?

4. Of pira

cies in the West Indies?

1822.

9. At the expiration of Mr. Monroe's term of office, 8. What to he was re-elected with great unanimity. Mr. Tompkins was again elected vice-president. An alarming system of piracy having grown up in the West Indies, during the year 1822 a small naval force was sent there, which captured and destroyed upwards of twenty piratical vessels, on the coast of Cuba. In the following year, Commodore Porter, with a larger force, completely broke up the retreats of the pirates in those seas; but many of them sought other hiding places, whence, at an after period, they renewed their depredations.

10. The summer of 1824 was distinguished by the arrival of the venerable Lafayette, who, at the age of nearly seventy, and after the lapse of almost half a century from the period of his military career, came to revisit the country of whose freedom and happiness he had been one of the most honored and beloved found

ers.

1823.

1824. 5. Give an the visit of the United

account of

Lafayette to

States.

His reception at New York, his tour through all a. Aug. 1824. the states of the Union, embracing a journey of more than five thousand miles, and his final departure from b. Sept. 1825. Washington, in an American frigate prepared for his accommodation, were all signalized by every token of

* MISSOURI, one of the Western States, contains an area of about 64,000 square miles. This state presents a great variety of surface and of soil. The southeastern part of the state has a very extensive tract of low, marshy country, abounding in lakes and liable to inundations. The hilly country, N. and W. of this, and south of the Mis souri River, is mostly a barren region, but celebrated for its numerous mineral treas ures, particularly those of lead and of iron. In the interior and western portions of the state, barren and fertile tracts of hill and prairie land, with heavy forests and nu merous rivers, present a diversified and beautiful landscape. The country N. of the Missouri is delightfully rolling, highly fertile, and has been emphatically styled "the garden of the West."

332

THE UNITED STATES.

[PART IV.

1825. respect that could be devised for doing honor to the

Raid of the

election of

1824?

"Nation's Guest."

1. What is 11. 'The election of a successor to Mr. Monroe was presidential attended with more than usual excitement, owing to the number of candidates in the field. Four were presented for the suffrages of the people: Adams in the East, Crawford in the South, Jackson and Clay in the West. As no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes, the choice of president devolved upon the house of representatives, which decided in favor of Mr. Adams. Mr. Calhoun, of South Carolina, had been chosen vice-president, by the people.

J. Q. ADAMS.

CHAPTER VI.

J. Q. ADAMS'S ADMINISTRATION.

FROM MARCH 4, 1825, TO MARCII 4, 1829.

1. During the period of Mr. Adams's administration, peace was preserved with foreign nations; domestic quiet prevailed; the country rapidly increased in pop2. What was ulation and wealth; and, like every era of peace and the country prosperity, few events of national importance ocperiod? curred, requiring a recital on the page of history.

the state of

during that

3. What is

said of the with Geor

controversy

gia?

2. A controversy between the national government and the state of Georgia, in relation to certain lands held by the Creek nation, at one time occasioned some anxiety, but was finally settled without disturbing the peace of the Union. After several attempts on the part of Georgia, to obtain possession of the Creek territory, in accordance with treaties made with portions of the tribe, the national government purchased the residue of the lands for the benefit of Georgia, which 1826. settled the controversy.

4. What events oc

3. 'On the 4th of July, 1826, the fiftieth anniversary of American independence, occurred the deaths of the the two venerable ex-presidents, John Adams and Thomas

curred on

July, 1826?

Jefferson. 'Both had been among the first to resist the high-handed measures of Great Britain; both were members of the early colonial congresses; the former nominated Washington as the commander-inchief of the army, and the latter drew up the cele-expres brated Declaration of Independence.

4. Each had served his country in its highest station; and although one was at the head of the federal, and the other of the anti-federal party, both were equally sincere advocates of liberty, and each equally charitable towards the sentiments of the other. The peculiar circumstances of their death, added to their friendship while living, and the conspicuous and honorable parts which they acted in their country's history, would seem to render it due to their memories, that the early animosities, and now inappropriate distinctions of their respective partics, should be buried with them.

5. The presidential election of 1828 was attended with an excitement and zeal in the respective parties, to which no former election had furnished a parallel. The opposing candidates were Mr. Adams and General Jackson. In the contest, which, from the first was chiefly of a personal nature, not only the public acts, but even the private lives of both the aspirants were closely scanned, and every error, real or supposed, placed in a conspicuous view. The result of 2. What was the contest was the election of General Jackson, by a the contest? majority far greater than his most sanguine friends had anticipated. John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, was a second time chosen vice-president.

6. Our warmly contested presidential elections are often looked upon by foreigners, just arrived in the country, with much anxiety for the consequences. As the crisis of the election approaches, the excitement litical ex becomes intense; but, tempered by reason, it seldom rises beyond a war of words and feelings; and a scene of strife, which, in Europe, would shake a throne to its foundation, is viewed with little alarm in the American republic. A decision of the controversy at once allays the angry elements of discord, and the waves of party strife again sink back to their ordinary level, again to rise and again subside, at every new election.

334

CHAPTER VII.

[PART IV.

JACKSON'S ADMINISTRATION,

FROM MARCH 4, 1829, TO MARCH 4, 1837.

1. 'The first distinguishing feature in Jackson's administration, was the numerous removals from office, and the appointment of the political friends of the president to fill the vacancies thereby occasioned. This measure, 1829. in direct opposition to the policy of the previous ad1. What is ministration, excited some surprise, and was violently tion to fre- assailed as an unworthy proscription for opinion's vals from sake; but was defended by an appeal to the precedent afforded by Mr. Jefferson, who pursued a similar course, though to a much smaller extent.

said in rela

quent remo

office?

1832.

2. What was

to recharter

bank?

2. Early in 1832, a bill was brought forward in the result of congress for rechartering the United States Bank. the attempt After a long and animated debate, the bill passed both the national houses of congress, but was returned by the president, with his objections, and not being repassed by the constitutional majority of two-thirds, the bank ceased to be a national institution on the expiration of its charter in 1836.

8. What ac

given of the

3. In the spring of 1832, a portion of the Sacs, count is Foxes, and Winnebagoes, in Wisconsin Territory, war with commenced hostilities, under the famous chief Black Foxes, and Hawk. After numerous skirmishes, most of the In

the Sacs,

Winnebagoes?

dians were driven west of the Mississippi. Black Hawk surrendered himself a prisoner, and peace was concluded by a treaty, the Indians relinquishing a 4. What is large tract of their territory. Black Hawk and a few said of the other chiefs, after having visited Washington, were taken through several other cities, on their way homeward, in order to convince them of the vast power and resources of their white neighbors.

tour of Black Hawk?

South?

b How was 4. A tariff bill, imposing additional duties on foreign the tariff of 1832 regard goods, having passed congress during the session which ed at the terminated in the summer of 1832, caused, as on several previous occasions, great excitement in the southern portions of the Union. In South Carolina, where declared by the excitement was the greatest, a state convention de

6. What roas