300 THE UNITED STATES. [PART IV. 1805. Tripolitan army, the reigning bashaw offered terms of peace; which being considered much more favorable than had before been offered, they were acceptconcluded ed by Mr. Lear, the authorized agent of the United States. a. Treaty June 3, 1805. 1. What is said of Michigan ,806, 2. Of the conspiracy and trial of Col. Burr? 3. Of the wars produ ced by the lution French Rev 4. Of the sitions of 10. 'In 1805, Michigan became a distinct territorial government of the United States. Previous to 1802 it formed, under the name of Wayne County, a part of the Northwestern Territory. From 1802 until 1805, it was under the jurisdiction of Indiana Territory. 11. In 1806 Col. Burr was detected in a conspiracy, the design of which was to form, west of the Alleghany Mountains, an independent empire, of which he was to be the ruler, and New Orleans the capital; or, failing in this project, it was his design to march upon Mexico, and establish an empire there. He was arrested, and brought to trial in 1807, on the charge of treason, but was released for want of sufficient evidence to convict him. 12. The wars produced by the French revolution still continued to rage, and at this time Napoleon, emperor of France, triumphant and powerful, had acquired control over nearly all the kingdoms of Europe. Engrelative po land alone, unsubdued and undaunted, with unwaverEngland, ing purpose waged incessant war against her ancient and France? rival; and though France was victorious on land, the 5. The post- navy of England rode triumphant in every sea. The tion of the destruction of the ships and commerce of other nations was highly favorable to the United States, which endeavored to maintain a neutrality towards the contending powers, and peaceably to continue a commerce with them. United States? 6. What was done by 13. In May, 1806, England, for the purpose of in England in juring the commerce of her enemy, declared the con tinent from Brest* to the Elbet in a state of blockade, 1806 ? b. May 16. although not invested by a British fleet; and numerous 7. Horo did American vessels, trading to that coast, were captured Bonaparte and condemned. "Bonaparte soon retaliated, by dec. Nov. 21. claring the British isles in a state of blockade; and retaliate? * Brest is a town at the northwestern extremity of France. †The Elbe, a large river of Germany, enters the North Sea or German Ocean be tween Hanover and Denmark, 750 miles N E. from Brest. American vessels, trading thither, became a prey to French cruisers. Early in the following year, the coasting trade with France was prohibited by the British government. These measures, highly injurious to American commerce, and contrary to the laws of nations and the rights of neutral powers, occasioned great excitement in the United States, and the injured merchants loudly demanded of the government redress and protection. 14. In June, an event of a hostile character occurred, which greatly increased the popular indignation against England. That power, contending for the principle that whoever was born in England always remained a British subject, had long claimed the right, and exercised the power of searching American ships, and taking from them those who had been naturalized in the United States, and who were, therefore, claimed as American citizens. 15. 3On the 22d of June, the American frigate Chesapeake, then near the coast of the United States, having refused to deliver up four men claimed by the English as deserters, was fired upon by the British ship of war Leopard. Being unsuspicious of danger at the time, and unprepared for the attack, the Chesapeake struck her colors, after having had three of her men killed, and eighteen wounded. The four men claimed as deserters were then transferred to the British vessel. Upon investigation it was ascertained that three of them were American citizens, who had been impressed by the British, and had afterwards escaped from their service. 1807. 1. What then did England do, and what was the effect of these measures? a. Jun. 7. 2. What is pretensions and claims said of the of the British govern ment? June 22. 3. Give an the attack ate Chesa peaks. account of on the frig 4. What w done in relation to this out ther hostile rage What far measures and Eng land adopt against eac what was did France 16. This outrage upon a national vessel was followed by a proclamation of the president, forbidding British ships of war to enter the harbors of the United States, until satisfaction for the attack on the Chesapeake should be made by the British government, and security given against future aggression. 5In November, the British government issued the celebrated "orders in council," prohibiting all trade with France and her allies; and in December following, Bonaparte Issued the retaliatory Milan decree,* forbidding all e. Dec. 17. other, and their effect on Americar commerce? b. Nov. 11. * So called from Milan, a city in the N. of Italy, whence the decree was issued a. Dec. 22. said of the mbargo act passage to 1807. trade with England or her colonies. Thus almost every American vessel on the ocean was liable to be captured by one or the other of the contending powers. 17. In December, congress decreed an embargo, 1. What is the design of which was, not only to retaliate upon American France and England, but also, by calling home and from its detaining American vessels and sailors, to put the coun its repeal? try in a better posture of defence, preparatory to an ex pected war. The embargo failing to obtain, from France and England, an acknowledgment of Anierican rights, and being likewise ruinous to the com 1809. merce of the country with other nations, in March, 6 March 1 1809, congress repealed it, but, at the same time, interdicted all commercial intercourse with France and England. 2. Of the close of Jef ministra b 18. Such was the situation of the country at the ferson's ad close of Jefferson's administration. Following and tion, and confirming the example of Washington, after a term the ensuing of eight years Jefferson declined a re-election, and was succeeded in the presidency by James Madison. George Clinton was re-elected vice-president. election? ¿. March 4, 1809 JAMES MADISON. CHAPTER IV. MADISON'S ADMINISTRATION, FROM MARCH 4, 1809, TO MARCH 4, 1817 WAR WITH ENGLAND. SECTION LEVENTS OF 1809, '10, 11. 1. 'Soon after the accession of Mr. Madison to the presidency, he was assured by Mr. Erskine, the British minister at Washington, that the British "orders in followed Mr. council,"d so far as they affected the United States, accession should be repealed by the 10th of June. See p. 301. '8 What events soon Madison's The presi dent, therefore, proclaimed that commercial intercourse would be renewed with England on that day. The British government, however, disavowed the acts of its minister; the orders in council were not repealed; and Aug. 19 non-intercourse with England was again proclaimed. COMMODORE DECATUR. SECTION II. PRINCIPAL EVENTS OF 1812. DIVISIONS. I. Declaration of War, and Events in the West.-II. Events on the Niagara Fron tier.-III. Naval Events. I. DECLARATION OF WAR, AND EVENTS IN THE WEST.-1. 'Early in April, 1812, congress passeda an April 4. act laying an embargo, for ninety days, on all vessels of 1812, and within the jurisdiction of the United States. On the tion of war. 4th of June following, a bill declaring war against b. Act de- Great Britain passed the house of representatives; and adopted by on the 17th, the senate; and, on the 19th, the president June 18th. issued a proclamation of war.b 1. Embargo the declara claring war both houses 2. What preparations 2. 2Exertions were immediately made to enlist 25,000 were made men; to raise 50,000 volunteers; and to call out 100,000 for the war? militia for the defence of the seacoast and frontiers Henry Dearborn, of Massachusetts, an officer of the revolution, was appointed major-general and commander-in-chief of the army. 3. At the time of the declaration of war, General Hull, then governor of Michigan Territory, was on his march from Ohio to Detroit, with a force of two thousand men, with a view of putting an end to the Indian hostilities on the northwestern frontier. Being vested with an authority to invade the Canadas, "if consistent with the safety of his own posts," on the 12th of July he crossed the river Detroit, and encamped at Sandwich, with the professed object of marching upon the British post at Malden.‡ VICINITY OF DETROIT. 4. In the mean time, the American post at Mackinaw was surprised, and a *Detroit River is the channel or strait that con nects Lake St. Clair with Lake Erie. (See Map.) † Sandwich is on the E. bank of Detroit River, twa miles below Detroit. (See Map.) Fort Malden is on the E. bank of Detroit River, Matden fifteen miles S. from Detroit, and half a mile N. from Amherstburg the village of Amherstburg. (See Map.) Mackinaw is a small island a little E. from the strait which connects Lake Michigan with Lake Hu ron, about 270 miles N.W. from Detroit. The fort and village of Mackinaw are on the S E. side of the island |