mittee, from the senate and the house, should be ap- 1799. pointed to devise the most suitable manner of paying honor to the memory of the man first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." public man the people express their grief on this occasion? 9. In accordance with the report of the committee, 1. In what and the unanimous resolves of congress, a funeral pro- ner did concession moved from the legislative hall to the German Lutheran church, where an impressive and eloquent oration was delivered by General Lee, a representative from Virginia. The people of the United States were recommended to wear crape on the left arm, for thirty days. This recommendation was complied with, and a whole nation appeared in mourning. In every part of the republic, funeral orations were delivered; and the best talents of the nation were devoted to an expression of the nation's grief. appearance. manners, and charac ter of Wash ington 10. 2Washington was above the common size; his 2. Describe frame was robust, and his constitution vigorous, and the personal capable of enduring great fatigue. His person was fine; his deportment easy, erect, and noble; exhibiting a natural dignity, unmingled with haughtiness, and conveying the idea of great strength, united with manly gracefulness. His manners were rather reserved than free; he was humane, benevolent, and. conciliatory; his temper was highly sensitive by nature, yet it never interfered with the coolness of his judgment, nor with that prudence which was the strongest feature in his character. His mind was great and powerful, and though slow in its operations, was sure in its conclusions. He devoted a long life to the welfare of his country; and while true greatness commands respect, and the love of liberty remains on the earth, the memory of Washington will be held in veneration. 11. During the summer of 1800, the seat of government was removed from Philadelphia to Washington, in the District of Columbia.* During the same year the territory between the western boundary of Georgia and the Mississippi River, then claimed by 1800. 3. Wha events oc curred ins 1800 and 1802 ? *The District of Columbia was originally a tract of country ten miles square, on both Bides of the Potomac river, about 120 miles from its mouth, by the river's course. In 1790 it was ceded to the United States by Virginia and Maryland, for the Į irpose of bocoming the seat of government. It included the cities of Washington, Alexandria, and 1800. Georgia, and called the Georgia western territory, was erected into a distinct government, and called the Mississippi Territory. Two years later, Georgia ceded to the United States all her claims to lands within those scid of the a. Sept. 30. limits. 'In September, a treaty was concluded at 1. What is Paris, between the French government, then in the treaty with hands of Bonaparte, and the United States; by which the difficulties between the two countries were happily terminated. France? 2. Of the efforts of parties to wards the close of Adams's ad ministration! 3. Of the unpopular ity of the federal party? 1. What were 12. 2As the term of Mr. Adams's administration drew towards its close, each of the great parties in the country made the most strenuous efforts, the one to retain, and the other to acquire the direction of the government. 3Mr. Adams had been elected by the predominance of federal principles, but many things in his administration had tended to render the party to which he was attached unpopular with a majority of the nation. 13. The people, ardently attached to liberty, had the princi viewed with a jealous eye those measures of the gov pal causes of public discontent? 5. Give an account of and sedition ernment which evinced a coldness towards the French 14. The "alien law," authorized the president to the alien order any foreigner, whom he should judge dangerous laws. to the peace and safety of the United States, to depart out DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. of the country, upon penalty of imprisonment. The "sedition law," designed to pun ish the abuse of speech and of the press, im Georgetown. WASHINGTON CITY stands on a point of 1 1 posed a heavy fine and imprisonment for "any false, 1800. scandalous, and malicious writing against the government of the United States, or either house of congress, or the president." These laws were deemed, by the democrats, highly tyrannical; and their unpopularity contributed greatly to the overthrow of the federal party. 15. 'In the coming election, Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Burr were brought forward as the candidates of the democratic party, and Mr. Adams and Mr. Pinckney by the federalists. Jefferson and Burr received an equal number of votes; and as the constitution provided that the person having the greatest number should be president, it became the duty of the house of representatives, voting by states, to decide between the two. After thirty-five ballotings, the choice fell upon Mr. Jefferson. Mr. Burr, being then the second on the list, was consequently declared to be elected vice-president. 1. 2. How were regarded, and what these laws was their effect? Give an the prest tion that account of dential eleo followed. CHAPTER III. JEFFERSON'S ADMINISTRATION, FROM MARCH 4, 1801, TO MARCH 4, 1809. 1. ON the accession of Mr. Jefferson to the presidency, the principal offices of government were transferred to the republican party. The system of internal duties was abolished, and several unpopular laws, passed during the previous administration, were repealed. 2. In 1802, Ohio,* which had previously formed part of the Northwestern Territory, was erected into a a OHIO, the northeastern of the Western States, contains an area of about 40,008 square miles The interior of the state, and the country bordering on Lake Erie, are generally level, and in some places marshy. The country bordering on the Ohio River is generally hilly, but not mountainous. The most extensive tracts of rich and level lands in the state, border on the Sciota, and the Great and Little Miami. On the 7th of April, 1788, a company of forty-seven individuals landed at the spot where Marietta now stands, and there commenced the first settlement in Ohio. in Novem b 1802. state, and admitted into the Union. During the same Constitu- year, the Spanish governor of Louisiana, in violation tion adopted of a recent treaty, closed the port of New Orleans ber. against the United States. This caused great excite. in 1795. See ment, and a proposition was made in congress, take page 291. possession of all Louisiana. b. Concluded c. Oct. 1. By what course was obtained? d April 30. 3. 1A more pacific course, however, was adopted. more pacific In 1800, Louisiana had been secretly ceded to France; Louisiana and a negotiation was now opened with the latter 1803. power, which resulted in the purchased of Louisiana for fifteen millions of dollars. In December, 1803, possession was taken by the United States. 2That portion of the territory embracing the present state of Louisiana, was called the "Territory of Orleans;" and the other part, the "Dist. of Louisiana," embracing a large tract of country extending westward to Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. e. Dec. 20. 2. How was it divided and named f. War declared by the Bashaw, June 10, 1801. 3. What events are related in Tripoli the war with g. Oct. 31, 1803. 1804. account of ture of the rigate Phil adelahia 4. Since 1801 war had existed between the United States and Tripoli, one of the piratical Barbary powers. In 1803, Commodore Preble was sent into the Mediterranean, and after humbling the emperor of Morocco, appeared before Tripoli with most of his squadron. The frigate Philadelphia, under Captain Bainbridge, being sent into the harbor to reconnoitre, struck upon a rock, and was obliged to surrenders to the Tripolitans. The officers were considered prisoners of war, but the crew were treated as slaves. This capture caused great exultation with the enemy; but a daring explbit of lieutenant, afterwards Commodore Decatur, somewhat humbled the pride which they felt in this accession to their navy. 5. Early in February of the following year, Lieuh. Feb. 3. tenant Decatur, under the cover of evening, entered 4. Given the harbor of Tripoli in a small schooner, having on the recap board but seventy-six men, with the design of destroying the Philadelphia, which was then moored near the castle, with a strong Tripolitan crew. By the aid of his pilot, who understood the Tripolitan language, Decatur succeeded in bringing his vessel in contact with the Philadelphia; when he and his followers leaped on board, and, in a few minutes, killed twenty of the Tripolitans, and drove the rest into the sea. of the war oli. 6. Under a heavy cannonade from the surrounding 1804. vessels and batteries, the Philadelphia was set on fire, and not abandoned until thoroughly wrapped in flames; when Decatur and his gallant crew succeeded in getting out of the harbor, without the loss of a single man. 'During the month of August, Tripoli was repeatedly 1. Continue bombarded by the American squadron under Commo- the account dore Preble, and a severe action occurred with the with TripTripolitan gun-boats, which resulted in the capture of a Aug. 3. several, with little loss to the Americans. 7. In July, 1804, occurred the death of General Hamilton, who fell in a duel fought with Colonel Burr, vice-president of the United States. Colonel Burr had lost the favor of the republican party, and being proposed for the office of governor of New York, was supported by many of the federalists, but was openly opposed by Hamilton, who considered him an unprincipled politician. A dispute arose, and a fatal duel b. July 11. was the result.* In the fall of 1804, Jefferson was re-elected president. George Clinton, of New York, was chosen vice-president. 8. At the time of Commodore Preble's expedition to the Mediterranean, Hamet, the legitimate sovereign of Tripoli, was an exile; having been deprived of his government by the usurpation of a younger brother. Mr. Eaton, the American consul at Tunis, concerted, with Hamet, an expedition against the reigning sovereign, and obtained of the government of the United States permission to undertake it. с 2. What is said of the Hamilton? death of 3. Of the election of 1804? What met, and the planned by said of Ha expedition him and Eaton? 1805. c. Feb. 23. 5. Give an account of that expedi 9. With about seventy seamen from the American squadron, together with the followers of Hamet and some Egyptian troops, Eaton and Hamet set out from Alexandria towards Tripoli, a distance of a thousand miles, across a desert country. After great fatigue and suffering, they reached Derne,‡ a Tripolitan city on the e. April 26. Mediterranean, which was taken by assault. After f. April 27. two successful engagements had occurred with the and June 10. g. May 18, *Hamilton fel a. Hoboken, on the New Jersey side of the Hudson River, opposite the city of Nev York. Alexandria the ancient capital of Egypt, founded by Alexander the Great in the year 331, A. C., is situated at the N.W. extremity of Egypt, on a neck of land between the Mediterranean Sea and Lake Mareotis. Derne is about 650 miles E. from Tripoli. |