1759. and a strong camp on the northern shore of the St. Lawrence, between the rivers St. Charles and Mont morenci. a. June 30. p. 189. 1. What were the first measures adopted? 7. 1General Wolfe took possession of Point Levi, b. See Map, where he erected batteries which destroyed the Lower Town, but did little injury to the defences of the city. He soon after crossed the north channel of the St. which Wolfe Lawrence, and encamped his army near the enemy's c. July 10. left, the river Montmorenci lying between them. 2Convinced, however, of the impossibility of reducing the place unless he could erect batteries nearer the city did he next than Point Levi, he soon decided on more daring measures. He resolved to cross the St. Lawrence and the Montmorenci, with different divisions, at the same time, and storm the entrenchments of the French camp. 2. On what daring measures resolve? 3. Describe of the troops. July 31. 4. What 8. For this purpose, on the last day of July, the the landing boats of the fleet, filled with grenadiers, and with troops from Point Levi, under the command of General Monckton, crossed the St. Lawrence, and, after considerable delay by grounding on a ledge of rocks, effected a landing a little above the Montmorenci ; while Generals Townshend and Murray, fording that stream at low water, near its mouth, hastened to the assistance of the troops already landed. But as the grenadiers rushed impetuously forward without waiting for the troops that were to support them, they were driven back with loss, and obliged to seek shelter be hind a redoubt which the enemy had abandoned "Here they were detained a while by a thunder storm, still exposed to a galling fire; when night approaching, and the tide setting in, a retreat was ordered. This unfortunate attempt was attended with the loss of nearly 500 men. caused the the grand repulse of diers? 5. What com pelled a re treat, and what loss was sustained? 6. What is sickness of 9. The bodily fatigues which General Wolfe had said of the endured, together with his recent disappointment, act Gen Wolfe ing upon a frame naturally delicate, threw him into & violent fever; and, for a time, rendered him incapable What plan of taking the field in person. He therefore called a proposed council of his officers, and, requesting their advice was next The River Montmorenci enters the St. Lawrence from the N., about seven milos below Quebec. The falls in this river, near its mouth, are justly celebrated for their beauty. The water descends 940 feet in one unbroken sheet of foam. (Map, p. 189.) proposed a second attack on the French lines. They 1759. were of opinion, however, that this was inexpedient, but proposed that the army should attempt a point above Quebec, where they might gain the heights which overlooked the city. The plan being approved, preparations were immediately made to carry it into execution. 10. The camp at Montmorenci being broken up, the troops and artillery were conveyed to Point Levi; nd, soon after, to some distance above the city; while Montcalm's attention was still engaged with the ap parent design of a second attack upon his camp. All things being in readiness, during the night of the 12th of September, the troops in boats silently fell down the stream; and, landing within a mile and a half of the city, ascended the precipice, dispersed a few Canadians and Indians; and, when morning dawned, were drawn up in battle array on the plains of Abraham. 1. Give an account of the execu tion of the plan adopt ed. then do? 11. Montcalm, surprised at this unexpected event, 2 What dia and perceiving that, unless the English could be driven Montcal from their position, Quebec was lost, immediately crossed the St. Charles with his whole army, and advanced to the attack. About nine in the morning 3. Describe fifteen hundred Indians and Canadians, advancing in the attack. front, and screened by surrounding thickets, began the battle; but the English reserved their fire for the main body of the French, then rapidly advancing; and, when at the distance of forty yards, opened upon them with such effect as to compel them to recoil with confusion. a. Sept. 11 two com 12. 'Early in the battle General Wolfe received two 4. Relate the wounds in quick succession, which he concealed, but, circumstan while pressing forward at the head of his grenadiers, deaths of t with fixed bayonets, a third ball pierced his breast. munder Colonel Monckton, the second officer in rank, was dangerously wounded by his side, when the command. devolved on General Townshend. The French general, Montcalm, likewise fell; and his second in command was mortally wounded. General Wolfe died on the field of battle, but he lived long enough to be informed that he had gained the victory. 1. Continue 1759. 13. Conveyed to the rear and supported by a few attendants, while the agonies of death were upon him, he the relation. heard the distant cry, "They run, they run." Raising his drooping head, the dying hero anxiously asked, "Who run?" Being informed that it was the French, "Then," said he, "I die contented," and immediately expired. Montcalm lived to be carried into the city. When informed that his wound was mortal, " So much the better," he replied, "I shall not then live to witness the surrender of Quebec." a. Sept. 18. 2. What oc days after curred five the battle? 1760. 3. Give an account of the attempt to recover Quebec. April 28. c. May 16. 4. Of the Montreal. 14. 2Five days after the battle the city surrendered, and received an English garrison, thus leaving Montreal the only place of importance to the French, in Canada. "Yet in the following spring the French attempted the recovery of Quebec; and, after a bloody battle fought three miles above the city, drove the English to their fortifications, from which they were relieved only by the arrival of an English squadron with reinforcements. 15. During the season, General Amherst, the coin capture of mander-in-chief, made extensive preparations for re d. Sept. 6, 7. ducing Montreal. Three powerful armies assembled there by different routes, early in September; when the commander of the place, perceiving that resistance Sept. 8. would be ineffectual, surrendered, not only Montreal, but all the other French posts in Canada, to his Britannic majesty. 5. Relate the events of the Cherokees, year 1760. f. Sept. 26, 1759. 16. Early in the same year a war broke out with war with the the powerful nation of the Cherokees, who had but reduring the cently, as allies of the French, concluded a peace with the English. General Amherst sent Colonel Montgomery against them, who, assisted by the CaroliniMay, Aug. ans, burned many of their towns; but the Cherokees, h. Aug. 7. in turn, besieged Fort Loudon,* and having compelled 1. Aug. 8. the garison to capitulate, afterwards fell upon them, During and either killed, or carried away prisoners, the whole party. In the following year Colonel Grant marched into their country,-overcame them in battle,—de the year 1761. j. June 10. h Fort Loudon was in the northeastern part of Tennessee, on the Watanga River 1 stream which, rising in N. Carolina, flows westward into Tennessee, and unites with Holston River. Fort Loudon was built in 1757, and was the first settlement in Tennes see, which was then included in the territory claimed by N. Carolina. 1. Give an the further progress and England. 1763. 17. The war between France and England continued on the ocean, and among the islands of the West Indies, with almost uniform success to the Eng-end of the lish, until 1763; when, on the 10th of February of that year, a definitive treaty of peace was signed at Paris. France thereby surrendered to Great Britain all her possessions in North America, eastward of the Mississippi River, from its source to the river Iberville; and thence, through Lakes Maurepast and Pontchartrain, to the Gulf of Mexico. At the same time Spain, with whom England had been at war during the previous year, ceded to Great Britain her possessions of East and West Florida.§ 2. What were ceded possessions by France, and what by Spain? CHAPTER XIV. CAUSES WHICH LED TO THE extent American ter the treaty 1. By the treaty of Paris in 1763, England gained 3, What a large addition to her American territory; extending it from the northeastern extremity of the continent to the Gulf of Mexico; and from the Mississippi to the Atlantic. During a century and a half the rival powers of France and England had contended for supremacy in America; invoiving, in the mean time, of British territory af of Paris? What had uation of the colonies du been the sit American • Iberville, an outlet of the Mississippi, leaves that river fourteen miles below Baton Rouge, and flowing E. euters Amite River, which falls into Lake Maurepas. It now receives water from the Mississippi only at high flood. † Maurepas is a lake about twenty miles in circumference, communicating with Lake Pontchartrain on the E. by an outlet seven miles long. Pontchartrain is a lake more than a hundred miles in circumference, the southern shore of which is about five miles N. from New Orleans. That part of the country ceded by Spain was divided, by the English monarch, into the governments of East and West Florida. East Florida included all embraced in the present Florida, as far W. as the Apalachicola River. Those parts of the states of Alabama and Mississippi which extend from the 31st degree down to the Gulf of Mexico, were included in West Florida. i 1763. the British American colonies in almost continued Indian warfare, at an enormous expense of blood and ring a century and a half previsus to this weaty? 1. How was the downfall of the French America re treasure. 2. The subversion of the French power in Ameri ca was looked to as the harbinger of long-continued peace and prosperity to the colonies; but scarcely had power in the struggle ended, when a contest arose, between the garded? desire of power on the one hand, and the abhorrence Contest arose of oppression on the other, which finally resulted in soon after the dismemberment of the British empire. But what feelings of colonists to 2. What is 3. Although the colonists had ever cherished feelsaid of the ings of filial regard for the mother country; and were the early proud of their descent from one of the most powerful wards Eng nations of Europe; yet, even before decided acts of oppression had driven them to resistance, other causes had strongly operated to prepare the way for American Independence. land? 3. By what the colonies united as any 4. Although the Americans were under different causes were colonial governments; yet they were socially united socially as one people, by the identity of their language, laws, one people? and customs, and the ties of a common kindred; and still more, by a common participation in the vicissi tudes of peril and suffering through which they had 4. What passed. These and other causes, had closely united thesc causes them in one common interest; and, in the ratio of on then at their fraternal union as colonies, had weakened their England? attachment to the parent land. effect had tachment to 5. What is republican of the peo ple? 5. Before they lett England, they were allied in said of the principle and in feeling with the republican, or libera) principles party; which was ever seeking to abridge the prerogatives of the crown, and to enlarge the liberties of the people. They scoffed at the "divine right of kings," ," looked upon rulers as public servants bound to exercise their authority for the sole benefit of the governed; and maintained that it is the inalienable right of the subject, freely to give his money to the crown, or to withhold it at his discretion. 5. In view of such prin are we sur 6. With such principles, it is not surprising that ciples, what any attempt on the part of Great Britain to tax her colonies, should be met with determined opposition; and we are surprised to find that severe restrictions upon American commerce, highly injurious to the col prised to find? |