of England remained the established religion of the province until the Revolution. 1. What next enga tention of the people? 2. Why were the Span 3. What events oc 13. From these domestic troubles, a threatened invasion of the province turned the attention of the peo-ged the atple towards their common defence against foreign enemies. 2Queen Anne's war still continued; and Spain, considering Carolina as a part of Florida, deterrained to assert her right by force of arms. 3In 1706, a French and Spanish squadron from Havanna appeared before Charleston; but the inhabitants, headed by the curred in governor and Colonel Rhett, assembled in great numbers for the defence of the city. The enemy landed in several places, but were repulsed with loss. One of the French ships was taken, and the invasion, at first so alarming, was repelled with little loss, and little expense to the colony. account of war of 1715. b. April 26. 14. In 1715 a general Indian war broke out, headed 1715. by the Yamassees, and involving all the Indian tribes. Give an from Cape Fear River to the Alabama. The Ya- the Indian massees had previously shown great friendship to the English; and the war commenced before the latter were aware of their danger. The frontier settlements were desolated; Port Royal was abandoned; Charles ton itself was in danger; and the colony seemed near its ruin. But Governor Craven, with nearly the entire force of the colony, advanced against the enemy, drove their straggling parties before him, and on the banks of the Salkehatchie, encountered their main body in camp, and, after a bloody battle, gained a complete victory. At length the Yamassees, being driven from their territory, retired to Florida, where they were kindly received by the Spaniards. * 5. Of the services of Gov. Craven, and the close of the war. c. May. was this war 15. The war with the Yamassees was followed, in 6. By what 1719, by a domestic revolution in Carolina. As the followed?" proprietors refused to pay any portion of the debt in- 7.What were curred by the war, and likewise enforced their land discontent? claims with severity, the colonists began to look to the causes of * Salkehatchie is the name given to the upper portion of the Cambahce River, (which see, Map, p. 35). Its course is S.E., and it is from twenty to thirty miles E. from the Savannah River. 166 1. What was the result of the contro- 1719. wards the crown for assistance and protection. After much controversy and difficulty with the proprietors, the assembly and the people openly rebelled against their authority, and proclaimed James Moore governor of the province, in the name of the king. The agent of Carolina obtained, in England, a hearing from the lords of the regency, who decided that the proprietors had forfeited their charter. 1720. 8. What is b Sept. c. 1721. 16. While measures were taken for its abrogation, Francis Nicholson, who had previously exercised the office of governor in New York, in Maryland, in Virginia, and in Nova Scotia, now received a royal commission as governor of Carolina; and, early in the following year, arrived in the province. The controversy with the proprietors was finally ad. What then justed in 1729. Both Carolinas then became royal situation of governments, under which they remained until the Revolution. 3. When was the controversy ad justed, and became the the Carolinas? JAMES OGLETHORPE CHAPTER XII. GEORGIA.* 1. "At the time of the surren derd of the Carolina charter to the crown, the country southwest of the Savannah was a wilderness, occupied by savage tribes, and d. 1729. claimed by Spain as a part of Florida, and by of Georgia? England as a part of Carolina. 'Happily for the ject was claims of the latter, and the security of Carolina, in 1732? 1732 a number of persons in England, influenced by 5. Situation What pro formed in GEORGIA, one of the Southern States, contains an area of about 60,000 square miles. The entire coast, to the distance of seven or eight miles, is intersected by nu merous inlets, communicating with each other, and navigable for small vessels. The islands thus formed consist mostly of salt marshes, which produce sea island cotton of a superior quality. The coast on the mainland, to the distance of several miles, is mostly a salt marsh; beyond which are the pine barrens, and the ridges of sand hills similar to those of South Carolina. The Upper Country is an extensive table land, with a black and fertile soil. Near the boundary of Tennessee and Carolina, on the north, the country becomes mountainous, said of Oglehis benevo thorpe and lent designs? 2. James Oglethorpe, a member of the British par- 1 What is liament; a soldier and a loyalist, but a friend of the unfortunate; first conceived the idea of opening, for the poor of his own country, and for persecuted Protestants of all nations, an asylum in America, where former poverty would be no reproach, and where all might worship without fear of persecution. The benevolent enterprise met with favor from the king, who r grant, granted, for twenty-one years, to a corporation, "in of Georgia? rust for the poor," the country between the Savannah a June 20 and the Altamaha, and westward to the Pacific Ocean. The new province was named Georgia. 3. In November of the same year, Oglethorpe, with nearly one hundred and twenty emigrants, embarked for America; and after touching at Charleston and Port Royal, on the twelfth of February landed at Savannah.* On Yamacraw bluff, a settlement was immediately commenced, and the town, after the Spanish name of the river, was called Savannah. pleting a slight fortification for the defence of the settlers, Oglethorpe invited the neighboring Indian chiefs to meet him at Savannah, in order to treat with them for their lands, and establish relations of friendship. 4After com 4. In June the chiefs of the Creek nation assembled;-kind feelings prevailed; and the English were cordially welcomed to the country. An aged warrior presented several bundles of skins, saying that, although the Indians were poor, they gave, with a good heart, such things as they possessed. Another chief presented the skin of a buffalo, painted, on the inside, with the head and feathers of an eagle. He said the English were as swift as the eagle, and as strong as the buffalo; for 2. Qf the or charter, 3. b. Nov. 28. Give an the settle vannah. account of ment of Sa 1733. e. Jan. 24. 4. Hot did Oglethorpe tercourse begin his in with the In dians? 5. Give an account of this first meeting Indians. with VICINITY OF SAVANNAH. *Savannah, now the largest city, and the principal seaport of Georgia, is situated on the 3.W. bank of the Savannah River, on a sandy plain forty feet above the level of the tide, and seventeen miles from the sea. The city is regularly laid out in the form of a parallelogram, with streets crossing each other at right angles. Vessels requiring fourteen feet of water come up to the wharves of the city, and larger vessels to Five Fathom Hole, three miles below the Ossabaw I city. See Map.) 1733. they flew over vast seas; and were so powerful, that nothing could withstand them. He reminded them that the feathers of the eagle were soft, and signified love; that the skin of the buffalo was warm, and signified protection; and therefore he hoped that the English would love and protect the little families of the Indians. 2. What is said of the the early scttlers? other emi 5. The settlers rapidly increased in numbers, but character of as most of those who first came over, were not only poor, but unaccustomed to habits of industry, they were poorly qualified to encounter the toil and hard2. What ships to which their situation exposed them. The grants arri- liberality of the trustees then invited emigrants of ved? more enterprising habits; and large numbers of Swiss, Germans, and Scotch, accepted their proposals. The lations of regulations of the trustees at first forbade the use of are men- negroes,-prohibited the importation of rum,-and interdicted all trade with the Indians, without a special license. Slavery was declared to be not only immoral, but contrary to the laws of England. 6. What reg the trustees tioned? 1736. a. Feb. 16. dition was made to the 2. What ad colony in 1736 ? 6. Early in 1736, Oglethorpe, who had previously visited England, returned to Georgia, with a new company of three hundred emigrants. In anticipation of war between England and Spain, he fortified his colony, by erecting forts at Augusta,* Darien,† Freddone in an- erica, on Cumberland Island§ near the mouth of the war between St. Mary's, and even as far as the St. John's, claiming and Spain? for the English all the territory north of that river. But the Spanish authorities of St. Augustine com 5. What was ticipation of Augusta City is situated on the S.W. side of the Savannah River, 120 miles N.W. from Savannah City. It is at the head of steamboat navigation on the Savannah, is surrounded by a rich country, and has an active trade. † Darien is situated on a high sandy bluff, on the north and principal channel of the Altamaha, twelve miles from the bar near its mouth. (See Map.) Frederica is situated on the west side of St. Simon's Island, below the principal mouth of the Altamaha, and on one of its navigable channels. The fort, mentioned above, was constructed of tabby, a mixture of water and lime, with shells or gravel, forming a hard rocky mass when dry. The ruins of the fort may still be seen. Cumberland Island lies opposite the coast, at the southeastern extremity of Georgia. It is fifteen miles in length, and from one to four in width. The fort was on the southern point, and commanded the entrance to St. Mary's River. St. Mary's River, forming part of the boundary be tween Georgia and Florida, enters the Atlantic, between Cumberland Island on the north, and Amelia Island on the south. plained of the near approach of the English; and their commissioners, sent to confer with Oglethorpe, demanded the evacuation of the country, as far north as St. Helena Sound;* and, in case of refusal, threatened hostilities. The fortress at the mouth of the St. John's was abandoned; but that near the mouth of the St. Mary's was retained; and this river afterwards became the southern boundary of Georgia. 1736. 6. What claims did the Spanish authorities urge? 1. How far were their mitted?" claims ad 2. What said of visit, and Wesley's its object? turn to Eng visit of 7. The celebrated John Wesley, founder of the Methodist church, had returned with Oglethorpe, with the charitable design of rendering Georgia a religious colony, and of converting the Indians," not," as he said, "to gain riches and honor, but simply this-to live wholly to the glory of God." "His religious zeal 3. of his re involved him in controversies with the mixed settlers land of Georgia, and after a short time he returned to England, where he was long distinguished for his piety 4. What is and usefulness. "Soon after his return the Rev. said of the George Whitefield, another very distinguished preach- Whitefield? er, visited" Georgia, with the design of establishing an a. May, 1738 orphan asylum on lands obtained from the trustees for that purpose. The plan but partially succeeded during his lifetime, and was abandoned after his death." 8. To hasten the preparations for the impending 5. What precontest with Spain, Oglethorpe again visited England; where he received a commission as brigadier-general; with a command extending over South Carolina; and, after an absence of more than a year and a half, returned to Georgia, bringing with him a regiment of d. Sept. 7. 600 men, for the defence of the southern frontiers. "In the latter part of 1739, England declared war against Spain; and Oglethorpe immediately planned an expedition against St. Augustine. In May of the following year," he entered Florida with a select force of four hundred men from his regiment, some Carolina troops, and a large body of friendly Indians. 9. 7A Spanish fort, twenty-five miles from St. Augustine, surrendered after a short resistance ;-another, within two miles, was abandoned; but a summons for the surrender of the town was answered by a bold de b. In 1770 parations dud Oglefor war thorpe make c. Winter of 1736-37. 1737. e. Oct. 6. When was war declared, and what were the first measures of Oglethorpe 7. f. Nov. g. 1740. Relate the ces attendpedition Augustine circumstan ing the ex against St. * St. Helena Sound is the entrance to the Cambahee River. It is north of St Helena sland, and about fifty miles N.E. from Savannah. (See Map, p. 35.) |