seized his estates, and declared them forfeited. In 1638. England, Clayborne applied to the king to gain redress for his alleged wrongs; but after a full hearing it was decided that the charter of Lord Baltimore was valid against the earlier license of Clayborne, and thus the claims of the proprietor were fully confirmed. laws at first afterwards 13. At first the people of Maryland convened in 1639. general assembly for passing laws,-each freeman 1. How were being entitled to a vote; but in 1639 the more con- enacted, and venient form of a representative government was estab- change was lished, the people being allowed to send as many del- made? egates to the general assembly as they should think proper. 2At the same time a declaration of rights was adopted; the powers of the proprietor were defined; lations were and all the liberties enjoyed by English subjects at home, were confirmed to the people of Maryland. 14. About the same time some petty hostilities were carried on against the Indians, which, in 1642, broke out into a general Indian war, that was not terminated until 1644. 15. Early in 1645 Clayborne returned to Maryland, and, having succeeded in creating a rebellion, compelled the governor to withdraw into Virginia for protection. The vacant government was immediately seized by the insurgents, who distinguished the period of their dominion by disorder and misrule; and notwithstanding the most vigorous exertions of the governor, the revolt was not suppressed until August of the following year. 2. What other regu made? 3. What is Indian war followed? 1644. said of the 4. which soon 1645. What new were caused borne What was 5. the charac ter and nature of the govern ment of the insurgents? 1646. what was done in re gard to reeration? 16. Although religious toleration had been declared, by the proprietor, one of the fundamental principles of the social union over which he presided, yet the assem-ligious tolbly, in order to give the principle the sanction of their authority, proceeded to incorporate it in the laws of the 1649. province. It was enacted that no person, professing to believe in Jesus Christ, should be molested in respect of his religion, or the free exercise thereof; and that any one, who should reproach his neighbor with opprobrious names of religious distinction, should pay fine to the person insulted. a cribed to Maryland 17. Thus Maryland quickly followed Rhode Island honor is a in establishing religious toleration by law. 'While 1. What is drawn be 1649. at this very period the Puritans were persecuting their Protestant brethren in Massachusetts, and the Episco. Comparison palians were retorting the same severity on the Puriween Mary tans in Virginia, there was forming, in Marylanů, a sanctuary where all might worship, and none might oppress; and where even Protestants sought refuge from Protestant intolerance.* land and other colo nies? 1650. a. April 16. What im in 1650? 18. In 1650 an important law was passed, confirming the division of the legislative body into two branches an upper and a lower house; the former passed consisting of the governor and council, appointed ły the proprietor, and the latter of the burgesses or repre3. What is sentatives, chosen by the people. At the same session said of the the rights of Lord Baltimore, as proprietor, were admore--and mitted, but all taxes were prohibited unless they were of taxation? levied with the consent of the freemen. rights of Lord Balti 1651. manner did interfere govern ment? 19. In the mean time the parliament had established 4. In what its supremacy in England, and had appointed certain Parliament commissioners, of whom Clayborne was one, to reduce with the and govern the colonies bordering on the bay of the Chesapeake. The commissioners appearing in Maryb. Oct. 6. land, Stone, the lieutenant of Lord Baltimore, was at first removed from his office, but was soon after re stored.a In 1654, upon the dissolution of the Long Parliament, from which the commissioners had received their authority, Stone restored the full powers of the proprietor; but the commissioners, then in Virginia, again entered the province, and compelled Stone to surrender his commission and the government into e. Aug. 1. their hands. c. April 8. events oc tween this second Gov. Stone? did the Pro their ascen 6. What use 20. Parties had now become identified with rentestants gious sects. The Protestants, who had now the power make of in their own hands, acknowledging the authority of dency? Cromwell, were hostile to monarchy and to an hereditary proprietor; and while they contended earnestly for every civil liberty, they proceeded to disfranchise those who differed from them in matters of religion. Det.-Nov. Catholics were excluded from the assembly which was then called; and an act of the assembly declared that NOTE.-Bozman, in his History of Maryland, ii. 350-356, dwells at considerable ength upon these laws; but he maintains that a majority of the members of the as sembly of 1649 were Protestants. 1655. 1. What measures 21. 'In January of the following year, Stone, the lieutenant of Lord Baltimore, reassumed his office of governor, organized an armed force,—and seized the provincial records. Civil war followed. Several skir-tenant of were taken by the lieu Lord Baltimore? eventswhich mishes occurred between the contending parties, and at length a decisive battle* was fought, which resulted 2. Relate the in the defeat of the Catholics, with the loss of about followed. fifty men in killed and wounded. Stone himself was taken prisoner, and four of the principal men of the province were executed. e a. April 4. 1656 b. July 20. 3. What fur ther disturb place, and they compo ances took 22. In 1656 Josiah Fendall was commissioned governor by the proprietor, but he was soon after arrested by the Protestant party. After a divided rule of nearly two years, between the contending parties, Fendall was at length acknowledged governor, and the proprietor was restored to the full enjoyment of his rights. Soon after the death of Cromwell, the Protector of England, the Assembly of Maryland, fearing e. a renewal of the dissensions which had long distracted to the province, and seeing no security but in asserting the power of the people, dissolved the upper house, consisting of the governor and his council, and assumed to itself the whole legislative power of the state. how were sed? c. Aug. 1658. d. April 3. Sept. 1658 the disso 4. Whal led lution of the umer house? 1660. f. March 24. 5. What course was taken by Fendall? 6. What oc June, 1660curred on tion of mon How were the restora archy? 23. Fendall, having surrendered the trust which Lord Baltimore had confided to him, accepted from the assembly a new commission as governor. But on the restoration of monarchy in England, the proprietor was re-established, in his rights,-Philip Calvert was appointed governor, and the ancient order of things. was restored. "Fendall was tried for treason and found political of guilty; but the proprietor wisely proclaimed a general pardon to political offenders, and Maryland once more experienced the blessings of a mild government, and internal tranquillity. 24. On the death of Lord Baltimore, in 1675, his son Charles, who inherited his father's reputation for virtue and ability, succeeded him as proprietor. He fenders then treated, and the effect? 1675. what was h. Dec. 10. 8. Who suc ceeded Lord and what he pursue? Baltimore. course did NOTE. The place where this battle was fought was on the south side of the small creek which forins the southern boundary of the peninsuls on which Annapolis, the capital of Maryland now stands. (See Map, p. 142.) 1675. confirmed the law which established an absolute po litical equality among all denominations of Christians, -caused a diligent revision of the laws of the province to be made, and, in general, administered the government with great satisfaction to the people. 1689. 1. What followed the in Eng. 25. At the time of the revolution in England, the events in repose of Maryland was again disturbed. The depuMaryland ties of the proprietor having hesitated to proclaim the revolution new sovereigns, and a rumor having gained preva lence that the magistrates and the Catholics had formed a league with the Indians for the massacre of all the Protestants in the province, an armed association was formed for asserting the right of King William, and for the defence of the Protestant faith. Sept. 2. What was then done olics? ment ad 26. 2The Catholics at first endeavored to oppose, by by the Cath force, the designs of the association; but they at length 8. Hoto 10s surrendered the powers of government by capitulation. the govern 3A convention of the associates then assumed the gov ernment, which they administered until 1691, when and what the king, by an arbitrary enactment, deprived Lord took place? Baltimore of his political rights as proprietor, and cona. June 11. stituted Maryland a royal government. ministered until 1691, change then 1692. 4. Give an the admin 27. In the following year Sir Lionel Copley araccount of rived as royal governor,-the principles of the proistration of prietary administration were subverted,-religious tolSir Lionel eration was abolished,—and the Church of England was established as the religion of the state, and was supported by taxation. Copley. history of revolu 5. What is 28. After an interval of more than twenty years, said of the remaining the legal proprietor, in the person of the infant heir of Maryland, Lord Baltimore, was restored to his rights, and MaryThe land again became a proprietary government, under which it remained until the Revolution. Few events of interest mark its subsequent history, until, as an independent state, it adopted a constitution, when the claims of the proprietor were finally rejected. tion? b. 1715-16. * PENNSYLVANIA contains an area of about 46,000 square miles. The central part of the state is covered by the numerous ridges of the Alleghanies, running N.E. and S.W., but on both sides of the mountains the country is either level or moderately hilly, and the soil is generally excellent. Iron ore is widely disseminated in Pennsyl vania, and the coal regions are very extensive. The bituminous, or soft coal, is found in inexhaustible quantities west of the Alleghanies, and anthracite or hard coal on the east, particularly between the Blue Ridge and the N. branch of the Susquehanna. The principal coal-field is ixty-five miles in length, with an average breadth of about five miles 1643. 1. Give an account of the early John Printz, established his residence. Settlements clustered along the western bank of the Delaware, and Pennsylvania was thus colonized by Swedes, Swedish set. nearly forty years before the grant of the territory to William Penn. 2. 2In 1681, William Penn, son of Admiral Penn, a member of the society of Friends, obtained of Charles II. a grant of all the lands embraced in the present state of Pennsylvania. This grant was given, as expressed in the charter, in consideration of the desire of Penn to enlarge the boundaries of the British empire, and reduce the natives, by just and gentle treatment, to the love of civil society and the Christian religion; and, in addition, as a recompense for unrequited services rendered by his father to the British nation. tlements in Pennsylva nia. a. See p. 121 1681. b. 2 What William grant did Penn obtain? March 14 eration of this grant 3. In consid what was given? 4. What, however, views of brace, and his noble did the Penn em what was aim? 3. The enlargea and liberal views of Penn, however, embraced objects of even more extended benevolence than those expressed in the royal charter. His noble aim was to open, in the New World, an asylum where civil and religious liberty should be enjoyed; and where, under the benign influ ence of the principles of PEACE, those of every sect, color, and clime, might dwell together in unity and love. As Pennsylvania included the principal settlements of the Swedes, Penn issued a procla- proclama mation to the inhabitants, in which he assured them of his ardent desire for their welfare, and prom c. April 5. What tion was made by Penn |