100 1. Of the 1748. party had gained any thing by the contest; for all acquisitions made by either were mutually restored. But the causes of a future and more important war causes of still remained in the disputes about boundaries, which were left unsettled; and the "FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR" soon followed, which was the last struggle of the French for dominion in America. a future war? a. See p. 173. Of what Boes Chapter III. of Part II. treat? 2. With what of New blended? CHAPTER III. NEW HAMPSHIRE.* 1. During the greater portion of its colonial existis the history ence, New Hampshire was united with Massachusetts, Hampshire and its history is therefore necessarily blended with that of the parent of the New England colonies. But here treated in order to preserve the subject entire, a brief sketch of its separate history will here be given. 3. Why is it separately? 1622. 4. What Gorges and b. Aug. 20. is said of Mason? 2. Two of the most active members of the council of Plymouth were Sir Ferdinand Gorges and Captain John Mason. In 1622 they obtained of their associates a grant of land lying partly in Maine and partly in New Hampshire, which they called Laconia. In the 1623. spring of the following year they sent over two small 5. Of the first parties of emigrants, one of which landed at the mouth of the Piscataqua, and settled at Little Harbor,† a short distance below Portsmouth; the other, proceeding farther up, formed a settlement at Dover.§ settlements in New Hampshire? ot springs, its baths, and for several important treaties concluded there. It is seventyfive miles E. from Brussels, and 125 S.E. from Amsterdam. *NEW HAMPSHIRE, one of the Eastern or New England States, lying north of Massachusetts, and west of Maine, is 180 miles long from north to south, and ninety broad in the southern part, and contains an area of about 9500 square miles. It has only eighteen miles of seacoast, and Portsmouth is its only harbor. The country twenty or thirty miles from the sea becomes uneven and hilly, and, toward the northern part, is mountainous. Mount Washington, a peak of the White Mountains, and, next to Black Mountain in N. Carolina, the highest point cast of the Rocky Mountains, is 6428 feet above the level of the sea. The elevated parts of the state are a fine grazing coun try, and the valleys on the margins of the rivers are highly productive. Little Harbor, the place first settled, is at the southern entrance to the harbor of Portsmouth, two miles below the city, and opposite the town and island of Newcastle. (See L. II. in Map, opposite page.) ‡ Portsmouth, in New Hampshire, is situated on a peninsula, on the south side of the Piscataqua, three miles from the ocean. It has an excellent harbor, which, owing to the rapidity of the current, is never frozen. It is fifty-four miles N. from Boston, ang the same distance S.W. from Portland. (See Map, opposite page.) Dover village, in N. H. formerly called Cocheco, is situated on Cocheco River, four ART I all ac ored war hich AR" nch 3. In 1629 the Rev. John Wheelright and others 1629. purchased of the Indians all the country between the Merrimac and the Piscataqua. 2A few months later, 1. What pur this tract of country, which was a part of the grant to made by Mr. Gorges and Mason, was given to Mason alone, and it Wheelright! then first received the name of New Hampshire. The 2. What sep. country was divided among numerous proprietors, and arate grant the various settlements, during several years, were Mason? governed separately, by agents of the different pro- the country prietors, or by magistrates elected by the people. 4. In 1641 the people of New Hampshire placed themselves under the protection of Massachusetts, in which situation they remained until 1680, when, after a long controversy with the heirs of Mason, relative to the ownership of the soil, New Hampshire was sep arated from Massachusetts by a royal commission, and made a royal province. The new government was to consist of a president and council, to be appointed 1679. Actual by the king, and a house of representatives to be chosen by the people. No dissatisfaction with the government of Massachusetts had been expressed, and the change to a separate province was received with reuctance by all. 5. The £rst legislature, which assembled at Portsn uth in 1680, auupies a code of laws, the first of which declared "That no act, imposition, law, or ordinance, should be made, or imposed upon them, but such as should be made by the assembly and approved by the president and council." This declaration, so worthy of freemen, was received with marked displeasure by the king; but New Hampshire, ever after, VICINITY OF PORTSMOUTH. Was as forward as any of her sister colonies in resisting every encroachment upon her just Salmon Falls Dover rights. 6. Early in the following 9. Give an year Robert Mason arrived,-as- the controserted his right to the province, the propri on the ground of the early grants miles above its junction with the Piscataqua, and twelve N.W. from Portsmouth. The first settlement in the town was on a beautiful peninsula between Black and Pis cataqua Rivers. (See Map 102 1686. COLONIAL HISTORY. [PART IL 1681. made to his ancestor, and assumed the title of lord proprietor. But his claims to the soil, and his demands for rent, were resisted by the people. A long contro versy ensued; lawsuits were numerous; and judg ments for rent were obtained against many of the eading men in the province; but, so general was the hos tility to the proprietor, that he could not enforce them. 7. 'In 1686 the government of Dudley, and afterwards that of Andros, was extended over New Hamp shire. When the latter was seized and imprisoned, on the arrival of the news of the revolution in England, the people of New Hampshire took the government into their own hands, and, in 1690, placed themselves under the protection of Massachusetts. Two years later, they were separated from Massachusetts, contrary to their wishes, and a separate royal governwhen again ment was established over them; but in 1699 the two 2. Aug. 1692. provinces were again united, and the Earl of Bellamont was appointed governor over both. 1. What is ey and An said of Dud dros, and of the second Anion with Massachu setts? la. See p. 90. 1690. b. March. 2. When ser and united? account of the continuance and final of the Maso troversy. 3. Give an 8. In 1691 the heirs of Mason sold their title to the lands in New Hampshire to Samuel Allen, between whom and the people, contentions and lawsuits consettlement tinued until 1715, when the heirs of Allen relinquished nian con their claims in despair. A descendant of Mason, how ever, subsequently renewed the original claim, on the ground of a defect in the conveyance to Allen. The Masonian controversy was finally terminated by a relinquishment, on the part of the claimants, of all except the unoccupied portions of the territory. 4. What is final separ 9. In 1741, on the removal of Governor Belcher, aid of the the provinces of Massachusetts and New Hampshire ation from were separated, never to be united again, and a sepsetts? arate governor was appointed over each. Massachu 5. What is union During the said of the forty-two years previous to the separation, New Hampmaturen shire had a separato legislative assembly, and the two with Massa provinces were, in reality, distinct, with the exceptio of their being under the administration of the same royal governor. chusetts? 6. What is said of the 10. New Hampshire suffered greatly, and perhaps sufferings of more than any other New England colony, by the New Hamp several French and Indian wars, whose general his tory has been already given. A particular recital of shire during the Indian ware? the plundering and burning of her towns, of her fron 1630. dered, or led into a wretched cap- tory. CHAPTER VI. DIVISIONS. Early Settlements.-II. Pequod War.-111. WINTHROP THE YOUNGER. I. EARLY SETTLEMENTS.-1. In 1630 the soil of Connecticut was granted by the council of Plymouth to the Earl of Warwick; and, in the following year, the Earl of Warwick transferred the same to Lord Say-and-Seal, Lord Brooke and others. Like all the early colonial grants, that of Connecticut was to extend westward from the Atlantic Ocean to the South Sea, or the Pacific. During the same year some of the people of Plymouth, with their governor, Mr. Winslow, visited the valley of the Connecticut, by invitation of an Indian chief, who wished the English to make a settlement in that quarter. 3 of the at Hartford. Dutch fort 2. The Dutch at New York, apprized of the object of the Plymouth people, determined to anticipate them, and, early in 1633, dispatched a party who erected a fort at Hartford.† In October of the same year, a company from Plymouth sailed up the Connecticut ding-house English tra 4. Of the at Windsor. *CONNECTICUT, the southernmost of the New England States, is from ninety to 100 miles long from E. to W.. and from fifty to seventy broad, and contains an area of about 4,700 square miles. The country is, generally, uneven and hilly, and somewhat mountainous in the northwest. The valley of the Connecticut is very fertile, but in most parts of the state the soil is better adapted to grazing than to tillage. An excellent freestone, much used in building, is found in Chatham and Haddam; iron ore of a superior quality in Salisbury and Kent; and fine marble in Milford. Hartford, one of the capitals of Connecticut, is on the W. side of the Connecticut River, fifty miles from its mouth, by the river's course. Mill, or Little River, passes through the southern part of the city. The old Dutch fort was on the S. side of Mill River, at its entrance into the Connecticut. The Dutch maintained their position until 1(64. (See Map, next page) 1633. River, and passing the Dutch fort, erected a tradingI house at Windsor.* The Dutch ordered Captain Holmes, the commander of the Plymouth sloop, to strike his colors, and, in case of refusal, threatened to fire upon him; but he declared that he would execute the orders of the governor of Plymouth, and, in spite of their threats, proceeded resolutely onward. In the following year the Dutch sent a company to expel the English from the country, but finding them well forthe follow tified, they came to a parley, and finally returned in 1634. What oc curred in ing year? 1635. account of tion from Massachu setis. a. See p. 76. settlement peace. 3. In the summer of 1635, exploring parties from 2. Give an Massachusetts Bay colony visited the valley of the the emigra Connecticut, and, in the autumn of the same year, a company of about sixty men, women, and children, made a toilsome journey through the wilderness, and 3. Of the settled at Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield. † In of Saybrook. October, the younger Winthrop, son of the governor of Massachusetts, arrived at Boston, with a commission from the proprietors of Connecticut, authorizing him to erect a fort at the mouth of the river of that name, and make the requisite preparations for planting a colony. Scarcely was the fort erected when a Dutch vessel appeared at the mouth of the river, but was not permitted to enter. In honor of Lord Say-and-Seal, and Lord Brooke, the new settlement was named Saybrook, which continued a separate colony until 1644. II. PEQUOD WAR.-1. During the year 1636 the Pequods? Pequods, a powerful tribe of Indians residing mostly 5. Of their within the limits of Connecticut, began to annoy the tions upon infant colony. In July, the Indians of Block Island,§ 1636. 4. What is said of the depreda the English? VIC. OF HARTFORD. * Windsor is on the W. side of the Connecticut, seven miles N. from Hartford. The village is on the N. side of Farmington River. The trading-house erected by the Plymouth people, was below the mouth of Farmington River. The meadow in the vicinity is still called Plymouth Meadow. (See Map.) Windsor WORD Wethersfield Wethersfield is on the W. side of the Connecticut, four miles S from Hartford. The river here is continually changing its course, by the wearing away of the land on one side, and its gradual de posit on the other. (See Map.) Saybrook is on the west side of Connecticut River, at its en trance into Long Island Sound. Block Island, discovered in 1614 by Adrian Blok, a Dutch cap tain, is twenty-four miles S.W. from Newport. It is attached to Newport Co., R. I., and constitutes the township of Newshoreham. It has no harbor. It is eight miles long from N. to S., and from two to four broad. |