United States Code

Whoever, in the United States or elsewhere, pays or offers to pay, or promises, to pay, or receives, on account of services rendered or to be rendered in connection with any such claim, any remuneration in excess of the maximum permitted by this section, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than twelve months, or both, and, if any such payment shall have been made or granted, the administering agency shall take such action as may be necessary to recover the same, and, in addition thereto any such claimant shall forfeit all rights under this title [said sections]. (July 3, 1948, ch. 826, § 10, 62 Stat. 1246; Oct. 22, 1962, Pub. L. 87-846, title I, § 102, 76 Stat. 1107.)

AMENDMENTS

1962-Pub. L. 87-846 substituted "title" for "Act." ABOLISHMENT AND SUCCESSION OF COMMISSION

The War Claims Commission, including the offices of its members, was abolished and the functions of the Commission and of the members, officers, and employees thereof were transferred to the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States by 1954 Reorg. Plan No. 1. §§ 2, 4, eff. July 1, 1954, 19 F.R. 3985, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. See, also, section 2001 of this Appendix and notes thereunder.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 2001, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2012a, 2013, 2017n of this Appendix.

§ 2010. Hearings on claims; finality of decision.

The Commission shall notify all claimants of the approval or denial of their claims, and, if approved, shall notify such claimants of the amount for which such claims are approved. Any claimant whose claim is denied, or is approved for less than the full allowable amount of such claim, shall be entitled, under such regulations as the Commission may prescribe, to a hearing before the Commission or its representatives with respect to such claim. Upon such hearing, the Commission may affirm, modify, or revise its former action with respect to such claim, including a denial or reduction in the amount theretofore allowed with respect to such claim. The action of the Commission in allowing or denying any claim under this title [sections 2001 to 2012 and 2013 to 2016 of this Appendix] shall be final and conclusive on all questions of law and fact and not subject to review by any other official of the United States or by any court by mandamus or otherwise, and the Comptroller General is authorized and directed to allow credit in the accounts of any certifying or disbursing officer for payments in accordance with such action. (July 3, 1948, ch. 826, § 11, 62 Stat. 1246; Oct. 22, 1962, Pub. L. 87-846, title I, § 102, 76 Stat. 1107.)

AMENDMENTS

1962-Pub. L. 87-846 substituted "title" for "Act." ABOLISHMENT AND SUCCESSION OF COMMISSION The War Claims Commission, including the offices of its members, was abolished and the functions of the Commission and of the members, officers, and employees thereof were transferred to the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States by 1954 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§ 2, 4, eff. July 1, 1954, 19 F.R. 3985, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. See also, section 2001 of this Appendix and notes thereunder.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 2001, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2012a, 2013, 2017n of this Appendix.

§ 2011. Amendment to Trading With the Enemy Act. CODIFICATION

Section, act July 3, 1948, ch. 826, § 12, 62 Stat. 1246, was omitted as its provisions are incorporated in section 39 of this Appendix.

§ 2012. War Claims Fund.

(a) Composition; expenditure.

There is created on the books of the Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the War Claims Fund. The War Claims Fund shall consist of all sums covered into the Treasury pursuant to the provisions of section 39 of the Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917, as amended [section 39 of this Appendix]. The moneys in such fund shall be available for expenditure only as provided in this Act [sections 2001 to 2012 and 2013 to 2017p of this Appendix] or as may be provided hereafter by the Congress.

(b) Estimation and certification to Treasury of total amount necessary under section 2004 (f). Before August 1, 1956, the Secretary of Labor shall estimate and report to the President the total amount which will be required to pay all benefits payable by reason of section 5 (f) of this title [section 2004 (f) of this Appendix]. If the President approves the amount so estimated as reasonably accurate, the total amount so estimated and approved shall be certified to the Secretary of the Treasury; if the President does not so approve he shall determine such amount, and the amount so determined shall be certified to the Secretary of the Treasury. Such certification shall be made on or before September 1, 1956. The Secretary of the Treasury shall then transfer from the War Claims Fund to the general fund of the Treasury a sum equal to the total amount certified to him under this subsection.

Before August 1, 1956, the Secretary of Labor shall estimate and report to the President the total amount which will be required to pay all additional benefits payable as a result of the enactment of section 4 (c) of this title [section 2003 (c) of this Appendix]. If the President approves the amount so estimated as reasonably accurate, the total amount so estimated and approved shall be certified to the Secretary of the Treasury; if the President does not so approve, he shall determine such amount, and the amount so determined shall be certified to the Secretary of the Treasury. Such certification shall be made on or before September 1, 1956. Secretary of the Treasury shall then transfer from the War Claims Fund to the general fund of the Treasury a sum equal to the total amount certified to him under this subsection.

The

(d) Certification to Treasury of total canceled obligations under section 2003 (b) (1).

On or before August 1, 1956, the Secretary of State is authorized and directed to certify to the Secretary of the Treasury the total amount of all obligations canceled pursuant to the provisions of section 4 (b)

(1) of this title [section 2003 (b) (1) of this Appendix]. The Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer from the war claims fund to the general fund of the Treasury an amount equal to the total amount so certified.

(e) Appropriations for Commission's work.

There are authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the war claims fund, such sums as may be necessary to enable the Commission to carry out its functions under this title [sections 2001 to 2012 and 2013 to 2016 of this Appendix]. (July 3, 1948, ch. 826, § 13, 62 Stat. 1247; 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, § 1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3178, 64 Stat. 1271; Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1162, title I, § 104, 68 Stat. 1036; Oct. 22, 1962, Pub. L. 87-846, title I, § 102, 76 Stat. 1107.)

AMENDMENTS

1962-Subsecs. (b)-(e). Pub. L. 87-846 substituted "title" for "Act."

1954 Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 31, 1954, § 104(a), provided that the President may approve or disapprove of the Secretary of Labor's estimate, and if he disapproves he shall estimate the total amount of claims under section 2004 (f) of this Appendix, and provided that all transfers which are to be made from the War Claims Fund to the Treasury general fund shall be made before Aug. 1, 1956.

Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 31, 1954, § 104 (a), provided that the President may approve or disapprove the Secretary of Labor's estimate, and if he disapproves he shall estimate the total amount of claims under section 2003 (c) of this Appendix, and provided that all transfers which are to be made from the War Claims Fund to the Treasury general fund shall be made before Aug. 1, 1956. Subsec. (d). Act Aug. 31, 1954, § 104 (b), inserted "on or before August 1, 1956" preceding "Secretary of State". TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

The Bureau of Employees' Compensation, which performed the functions required of the Federal Security Administrator under this section as originally enacted, was transferred, with its functions, to the Department of Labor by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. The Plan transferred the functions of the Federal 'Security Administrator and the Federal Security Agency, with respect to such Bureau, to the Secretary of Labor, and provide that all of such transferred functions shall be performed by the Secretary of Labor or, subject to his direction and control, by such officers, agencies, and employees of the Department of Labor as he shall designate.

ABOLISHMENT AND SUCCESSION OF COMMISSION

The War Claims Commission, including the offices of its members, was abolished and the functions of the Commission and of the members, officers, and employees thereof were transferred to the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States by 1954 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§ 2, 4, eff. July 1, 1954, 19 F.R. 3985, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. See, also, section 2001 of this Appendix and notes thereunder.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 2001, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012a, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017n of this Appendix and in title 22 section 1641c.

§ 2012a. Same; limitation on funds used for claim pay

ment.

Unless otherwise authorized by law no claims shall be allowed or paid under the provisions of the War Claims Act of 1948 [sections 2001 to 2012, 2013 to 2016, 2017 to 2017p of this Appendix] from any funds other than those covered into the Treasury pursuant to the provisions of section 39 of the Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917, as amended [sec

tion 39 of this Appendix], as provided by section 13 (a) of said War Claims Act of 1948 [section 2012(a) of this appendix]. (June 29, 1955, ch. 226, title I, § 101, 69 Stat. 195.)

CODIFICATION

Section is from the "General Government Matters Appropriation Act, 1956" and is not a part of the War Claims Act of 1948, which comprises sections 2001-2012 and 2013-2017p of this Appendix. Section was not repeated in the General Government Matters Appropriation Act, 1957, act June 13, 1956, ch. 385, 70 Stat. 276. SIMILAR PROVISIONS

Similar provisions were contained in prior appropriation acts:

1954 June 24, 1954, ch. 359, title I, § 101, 68 Stat. 293. 1953-July 31, 1953, ch. 302, title I, § 101, 67 Stat. 312. 1952-July 5, 1952, ch. 578, title I, § 101, 66 Stat. 410. 1951-Aug. 31, 1951, ch. 376, title I, § 101, 65 Stat. 282. 1950-Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, ch. VIII, title I, § 101, 64 Stat. 720.

§ 2013. Payments to certain members of religious orders.

In any case in which any money is payable as a result of the enactment of this title [sections 2001 to 2012 and 2013 to 2016 of this Appendix] to any person who is prevented from accepting such money by the rules, regulations, or customs of the church or the religious order or organization of which he is a member, such money shall be paid, upon the request of such person, to such church or to such religious order or organization. (July 3, 1948, ch. 826, § 14, 62 Stat. 1247; Oct. 22, 1962, Pub. L. 87-846, title I, § 102, 76 Stat. 1107.)

AMENDMENTS

1962-Pub. L. 87-846 substituted "title" for "Act." ABOLISHMENT AND SUCCESSION OF COMMISSION The War Claims Commission, including the offices of its members, was abolished and the functions of the Commission and of the members, officers, and employees thereof were transferred to the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States by 1954 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§ 2, 4, eff. July 1, 1954, 19 F.R. 3985, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. See, also, section 2001 of this Appendix and notes thereunder.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 2001, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2012a, 2017n of this Appendix.

§ 2014. United States citizens serving in allied forces. (a) Rights to compensation.

The Commission is authorized to receive and to determine, according to law, the amount and validity, and provide for the payment of any claim for compensation filed by or on behalf of any individual who, being then an American citizen, served in the military or naval forces of any government allied with the United States during World War II who was held as a prisoner of war for any period of time subsequent to December 7, 1941, by any government of any nation with which such allied government has been at war subsequent to such date. Compensation shall be payable under this section in accordance with the standards established by, and at the rates prescribed in, subsection (b) of section 6 of this title [section 2005 (b) of this Appendix], and paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (d) of such section 6 [section 2005 (d) (2), (3) of this Appendix].

(b) Deductions.

The amount payable under this section shall be reduced by such sum as the individual entitled to compensation under this section has received or is entitled to receive from any government by reason of the same detention.

In the event of death of the individual entitled to compensation under this section, payment may be made to the persons specified in paragraph (4) of subsection (d) of section 6 of this title [section 2005 (d) (4) of this Appendix].

(d) Filing date for claims.

Claims for benefits under this section must be filed within one year after the date of enactment of this section [Aug. 31, 1954].

(e) Certification of claim for payment.

Any claim allowed under the provisions of this section shall be certified to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment out of the War Claims Fund established by section 13 of this title [section 2012 of this Appendix]. (July 3, 1948, ch. 826, § 15, as added Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1162, title I, § 103, 68 Stat. 1034, and amended Oct. 22, 1962, Pub. L. 87-846, title I, § 102, 76 Stat. 1107.)

AMENDMENTS

1962-Pub. L. 87-846 substituted "title" for "Act."

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 2001, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2012a, 2013, 2017n of this Appendix.

§ 2015. Detention benefits to merchant seamen. (a) Definition.

As used in this section, the term "merchant seaman" means any individual who was employed as a seaman or crew member on any vessel registered under the laws of the United States, or under the laws of any government friendly to the United States during World War II, and who was a citizen of the United States on and after December 7, 1941, to the date of his death or the date of filing claim under this section; except any such individual who is entitled to, or who has received, benefits under section 5 of this title [section 2004 of this Appendix] as a "civilian American citizen."

(b) Determination of claim; rate of payment.

The Commission is authorized to receive and determine, according to law, the amount and validity, and provide for the payment of any claim for detention benefits filed by or on behalf of any merchant seaman who, being then a merchant seaman, was captured or interned or held by the Government of Germany or the Imperial Japanese Government, its agent or instrumentalities in World War II for any period of time subsequent to December 7, 1941, during which he was held by either such government as a prisoner, internee, hostage, or in any other capacity. Detention benefits shall be paid under this section at the rates prescribed and in the manner provided in subsections (c) and (d) of section 5 of this title [section 2004 (c), (d) of this Appendix].

Payment of any claim filed under this section shall not be made to any merchant seaman, or to

any survivor or survivors thereof, who, voluntarily, knowingly, and without duress, gave aid to or collaborated with or in any manner served any government hostile to the United States during World War II.

(d) Time of filing claim.

Claims for benefits under this section must be filed within one year after the date of enactment of this section [Aug. 31, 1954].

(e) Certification of claim for payment.

Any claim allowed under the provisions of this section shall be certified to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment out of the War Claims Fund established by section 13 of this title [section 2012 of this Appendix). (July 3, 1948, ch. 826, § 16, as added Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1162, title I, § 103, 68 Stat. 1034, and amended Oct. 22, 1962, Pub. L. 87-846, title I, § 102, 76 Stat. 1107.)

AMENDMENTS

1962-Pub. L. 87-846 substituted "title" for "Act."

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 2001, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2012a, 2013, 2017n of this Appendix. § 2016. Philippines.

(a) Losses by individual from sequestered credits; loss by banks or other financial institutions. (1) The Commission is authorized to receive and to determine, according to law, the amount and validity, and provide for the payment of any claim filed by

(A) any individual who

(i) on or after December 7, 1941, was a member of the military or naval forces of the United States;

(ii) is the survivor of any deceased individual described in subparagraph (i);

(iii) was a national of the United States on December 7, 1941, and is a national of the United States on the date of enactment of this section [Aug. 31, 1954]; or

(iv) is the survivor of any deceased individual who was a national of the United States on December 7, 1941, and would be a national of the United States on the date of enactment of this section [Aug. 31, 1954] if living; or

(B) any partnership, firm, corporation, or other legal entity, in which more than 50 per centum of the ownership was vested, directly or indirectly, both on December 7, 1941, and on the date of enactment of this section [Aug. 31, 1954], in individuals referred to in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph;

for losses arising as a result of the sequestration of accounts, deposits, or other credits of such individual or legal entity in the Philippines by the Imperial Japanese Government.

(2) The Commission is authorized to receive and to determine, according to law, the amount and validity, and provide for the payment of any claim filed by any bank or other financial institution doing business in the Philippines which reestablished sequestered accounts, deposits, or other credits of

(A) any individual referred to in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of this subsection; or

(B) any partnership, firm, corporation, or other legal entity, in which more than 50 per centum of the ownership was vested, directly or indirectly, both on December 7, 1941, and on the date of reestablishment of such sequestered credits, in individuals referred to in such subparagraph (A); for reimbursement of the amounts of such sequestered credits paid by such bank or financial institution.

(b) Filing date for claims.

Claims must be filed under this section within one year after the date of enactment of this section [Aug. 31, 1954].

Where any individual entitled to payment under this section is under any legal disability, payment may be made in accordance with the provisions of subsection (e) of section 5 of this title [section 2004 (e) of this Appendix]. In the case of the death of any individual entitled to payment of any claim under this section, payment of such claim shall be made to the individuals specified, and in the order provided, in subsection (d) of section 6 of this title [section 2005 (d) of this Appendix]; except that no payment shall be made under this section to any individual who voluntarily, knowingly, and without duress, gave aid to or collaborated with or in any manner served any government hostile to the United States during World War II.

(d) Certification of claims for payment.

Each claim allowed under this section shall be certified to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment out of the War Claims Fund established under section 13 of this title [section 2012 of this Appendix]. The Secretary of the Treasury shall pay such claims as follows:

(1) In the case of each claim allowed in an amount equal to or less than $500, such claim shall be paid in full; and

(2) In the case of each claim allowed in an amount greater than $500, such claim shall be paid in two installments. The first installment shall be paid in an amount equal to $500 plus 66% per centum of the amount of such claim allowed in excess of $500. The last installment shall be computed as of September 1, 1956, under the next sentence of this paragraph, and, as so computed, shall be paid from the sums remaining in the War Claims Fund on that date. If the sums remaining in the War Claims Fund on September 1, 1956, are sufficient to satisfy all claims allowed under this section and not paid in full, the unpaid portion of each such claim shall be paid in full; if the sums remaining in the War Claims Fund on September 1, 1956, are not sufficient to satisfy all claims allowed under this section and not paid in full, the last installment payable on each such claim shall be reduced ratably, and, as so reduced, shall be paid from the War Claims Fund. (July 3, 1948, ch. 826, § 17, as added Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1162, title I, § 103, 68 Stat. 1035, and amended Oct. 22, 1962, Pub. L. 87-846, title I, § 102, 76 Stat. 1107.)

AMENDMENTS

1962-Pub. L. 87-846 substituted "title" for "Act."

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 2001, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2012a, 2013, 2017n of this Appendix. TITLE II

§ 2017. Definitions.

As used in this title [sections 2017 to 2017p of this Appendix] the term or terms

(a) "Albania", "Austria", "Czechoslovakia", "the Free Territory of Danzig", "Estonia", "Germany," "Greece", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Poland", and "Yugoslavia", when used in their respective geographical senses, mean the territorial limits of each such country or free territory, as the case may be, in continental Europe as such limits existed on December 1, 1937.

(b) "Commission" means the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States established pursuant to Reorganization Plan Numbered 1 of 1954 (68 Stat. 1279) [set out in the Appendix to Title 5].

(c) "National of the United States" means (1) a natural person who is a citizen of the United States, (2) a natural person who, though not a citizen of the United States, owes permanent allegiance to the United States, and (3) a corporation, partnership, unincorporated body, or other entity, organized under the laws of the United States, or of any State, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, or any possession of the United States and in which more than 50 per centum of the outstanding capital stock or other proprietary or similar interest is owned, directly or indirectly, by persons referred to in clauses (1) and (2) of this subsection. It does not include aliens.

(d) "Property" means real property and such items of tangible personalty as can be identified and evaluated.

(July 3, 1948, ch. 826, title II, § 201, as added Oct. 22, 1962, Pub. L. 87-846, title I, § 103, 76 Stat. 1107.) REFERENCES IN TEXT

Reorganization Plan Numbered 1 of 1954 (68 Stat. 1279), referred to in subsec. (b), is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

SEPARABILITY OF PROVISIONS

Section 301 of Pub. L. 87-846 provided that: "If any provision of this Act [enacting sections 41, 42, 20172017p, amending sections 9, 32, 33, 39, 2001, 2003-2010, 2012, 2013-2016, and exacting provisions set out as a note under section 2001 of this Appendix], or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, shall be held invalid, the remainder of this Act, or the application of such provisions to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected."

TITLE II OF ACT

Section 103 of Pub. L. 87-846 added sections 201-217 of act July 3, 1948, as amended [sections 2017-2017p of this Appendix] as title II.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 2012, 2012a, 2017a to 2017p of this Appendix.

§ 2017a. Claims authorized.

The Commission is directed to receive and to determine according to the provisions of this title [sections 2017 to 2017p of this Appendix] the validity

and amount of claims of nationals of the United States for

(a) loss or destruction of, or physical damage to, property located in Albania, Austria, Czechoslovakia, the Free Territory of Danzig, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, or Yugoslavia, or in territory which was part of Hungary or Rumania on December 1, 1937, but which was not included in such countries on September 15, 1947, which loss, destruction, or physical damage occurred during the period beginning September 1, 1939, and ending May 8, 1945, or which occurred in the period beginning July 1, 1937, and ending September 2, 1945, to property in territory occupied or attacked by the Imperial Japanese military forces (including territory to which Japan has renounced all right, title, and claim under article 2 of the Treaty of Peace Between the Allied Powers and Japan) except the island of Guam: Provided, That claims for loss, destruction, or damage occurring in the Commonwealth of the Philippines shall not be allowed except on behalf of nationals of the United States who have received no payment, and certify under oath or affirmation that they have received no payment, on account of the same loss, destruction, or damage under the Philippine Rehabilitation Act of 1946 [former sections 1751-1806 of this Appendix], whether or not claim was filed thereunder: Provided further, That such loss, destruction, or damage must have occurred, as a direct consequence of (1) military operations of war or (2) special measures directed against property in such countries or territories during the respective periods specified, because of the enemy or alleged enemy character of the owner, which property was owned, directly or indirectly, by a national of the United States at the time of such loss, damage or destruction;

(b) damage to, or loss or destruction of, ships or ship cargoes directly or indirectly owned by a national of the United States at the time such damage, loss, or destruction occurred, which was a direct consequence of military action by Germany or Japan during the period beginning September 1, 1939, and ending September 2, 1945; no award shall be made under this subsection in favor of any insurer or reinsurer as assignee or otherwise as successor in interest to the right of the insured;

(c) net losses under war-risk insurance or reinsurance policies or contracts, incurred in the settlement of claims for insured losses of ships directly or indirectly owned by a national of the United States at the time of the loss, damage, or destruction of such ships and at the time of the settlement of such claims, which insured losses were a direct consequences of military action by Germany or Japan during the period beginning September 1, 1939, and ending September 2, 1945; such net losses shall be determined by deducting from the aggregate of all payments made in the settlement of such insured losses the aggregate of the net amounts received by any such insurance companies on all policies of contracts of war-risk insurance or reinsurance on 47-300 0-71-vol. 11-25

ships under which the insured was a national of the United States, after deducting expenses; and (d) loss or damage on account of

(1) the death of any person who, being then a civilian national of the United States and a passenger on any vessel engaged in commerce on the high seas, died or was killed as a result of military action by Germany or Japan which occurred during the period beginning September 1, 1939, and ending December 11, 1941; awards under this paragraph shall be made only to or for the benefit of the following persons in the order of priority named:

(A) widow or husband if there is no child or children of the deceased;

(B) widow or husband and child or children of the deceased, one-half to the widow or husband and the other half to the child or children of the deceased in equal shares;

(D) parents of the shares) if there is no child;

deceased (in equal widow, husband, or

(2) injury or permanent disability sustained by any person, who being then a civilian national of the United States and a passenger on any vessel engaged in commerce on the high seas, was injured or permanently disabled as a result of military action by Germany or Japan which occurred during the period beginning September 1, 1939, and ending December 11, 1941; awards under this paragraph shall be payable solely to the person so injured or disabled;

(3) the loss or destruction, as a result of such action, of property on such vessel, as determined by the Commission to be reasonable, useful, necessary, or proper under the circumstances, which property was owned by any civilian national of the United States who was then a passenger on such vessel; and in the case of the death of any person suffering such loss, awards under this paragraph shall be made only to or for the benefit of the persons designated in paragraph (1) of this subsection and in the order of priority named therein.

(July 3, 1948, ch. 826, title II, § 202, as added Oct. 22, 1962, Pub. L. 87-846, title I, § 103, 76 Stat. 1107.)

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 2012, 2012a, 2017, 2017b to 2017p of this Appendix and title 22 section 1641c. §2017b. Transfers and assignments.

The transfer or assignment for value of any property forming the subject matter of a claim under subsection (a) or (b) of section 202 [section 2017a of this Appendix] subsequent to its damage, loss, or destruction shall not operate to extinguish any claim of the transferor otherwise compensable under either of such subsections. If a claim which could otherwise be allowed under subsection (a) or (b) of section 202 [section 2017a of this Appendix] has been assigned for value prior to the enactment of this title [Oct. 22, 19621, the assignee shall be the party entitled to claim thereunder. (July 3, 1948, ch. 826,

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