CAMPAIGN FOR OPENING THE MISSISSIPPI AND PIERCING THE GREAT EAST

AND WEST LINE OF THE CONFEDERACY.

CHAPTER XLIX.

FORCING OF THE FIRST CONFEDERATE LINE. CAPTURE OF FORTS HENRY AND

DONELSON, AND OPENING OF THE MISSISSIPPI TO MEMPHIS.

Effect of the Battle of Bull Run, 254.-McClellan Commander-in-Chief, 255.—Im-

mobility of the Potomac Army, 256.-The President's General War Order, 257.

--Commencement of the War, 258.-The First Line of Confederate Defense,

258.-Halleck's War Plan, 259.-Operations on the Tennessee, 260.—Strength

of the opposing Armies, 261.--Operations against Fort Henry, 262.-Capture of

that Fort, 263.--Operations against Fort Donelson, 264.-The premature As-

sault, 265.--Defeat of the Gun-boats, 266.-Sortie of the Garrison, 267.—Suc-

cess of the Sortie, 268.-The Confederates forced back, 269.-Floyd's Night

Council, 270.--Surrender of Donelson, 271.-Fall of Nashville, 272. -- Mill

Spring, 273.--Pope's Attack on New Madrid, 274.--The Confederates evacuate

it, 275.-Canal of Island No. 10, 276.-Pope's Passage of the Mississippi, 277.-

Surrender of the Island, 277.-Destruction of the Confederate Fleet, 278.--Fort

Pillow and Memphis, 279.-Fall of Memphis, 280.

CHAPTER L.

THE CAMPAIGN OF SHILOHI. FORCING OF THE SECOND CONFEDERATE LINE.

Grant's Visit to Nashville, 281, is disapproved of by Halleck, 282.-Sherman's

Reconnoissance up the Tennessee, 283.--The Topography around Shiloh, 284.

-Posting of the Troops, 285.-Grant restored to Command, 286.--Concentra-

tion of the Armies, 287.-Beauregard's Plan of Campaign, 288.-The Field of

Shiloh, 289.—Position of Grant's Army, 290.-Confederate Attack expected,

291.-The Battle of Shiloh, 292.-Resistance of Sherman, 293.-Grant's Line

forced back, 294.-Death of Johnston, 295.-The final Confederate Charge, 296.

-Preparations for renewing the Battle, 297.-Beauregard's Report, 298.-Ar-

rival of Buell, 299.-The second Day's Battle, 300.-Aid rendered by Buell, 301.

-Retreat of the Confederates, 302, 303.-Comments on the Battle, 304.-Sher-

man breaks the Railroad, 305.-Halleck's Advance to Corinth, 306.-The Fall

of Corinth, and unjust Disgrace of Beauregard, 307.-Mitchell's Expedition, 308.

-His Transfer to South Carolina and Death, 309.

CHAPTER LI.

CONTINUATION OF THE CAMPAIGN OF SHILOH. THE FIRST VICKSBURG

CAMPAIGN.

ነ

Results of the Shiloh Campaign, 310.-The Marches of Buell and Bragg, 311.-

Removal of Halleck to Washington, 311.-Position of Grant's Forces, 312.-The

Confederate Attempts on Corinth; Affair at Iuka, 313.-Escape of Price and

Van Dorn, 314.-Assault on Corinth, 315.-Gallant Conduct of the Confeder-

ates, 316.-Rosecrans's Report of the Battle, 317.-The first Vicksburg Cam-

paign, 318.-Capture of Holly Springs, 319.-Arrest of Grant's March, 320.—

The Chickasaw Bayou, 321, 322.-Sherman's Attempt at Chickasaw, 323; its

Failure, 324.-Arkansas Post, 325; its Capture, 326.

THE FALL OF NEW ORLEANS, AND FIRST FORCING OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER

BY FARRAGUT.

Preparations for the Capture of New Orleans, 327.-The Fleet under Farragut ;

Topography of the Mississippi, 328.-Defenses of New Orleans, 329.—Farragut's

Plan of Attack, 330.-Bombardment of the Forts, 331.-Farragut's Order of

Battle, 332.-The Battle of the Mississippi, 333 to 336.—The Fleet reaches New

Orleans, 337.-The Surrender demanded, 338.-The National Flag insulted,

339.- Surrender of the City, 340.-Baton Rouge, 341.-Operations against

Vicksburg, 342.-Attack on Williams's Troops; Capture of Galveston; Butler

in New Orleans, 343.-The Woman Order, 344.-The French Consul, 345.—

Investigation of Butler's Administration, 346.-Butler's farewell Address to the

People of New Orleans, 346 to 349.

CHAPTER LIII.

BATTLES OF PERRYVILLE AND

THE SORTIE OF BRAGG AND ITS REPULSE.

MURFREESBOROUGH.

The Military Condition of the Confederacy, 350.—The Sortie of Bragg, 351.—Os-

tensible Motive for it, 353.-Buell obliged to fall back, 354.-Bragg's Political

Proceedings, 355.-He retreats with large Supplies, 356.-The Battle of Perry-

ville, 357.-Failure of Bragg's Sortie, 358.-He is ordered to renew the attempt,

359.-Rosecrans's Advance toward Murfreesborough, 360.-The Battle of Mur-

freesborough, 361 to 365.-Retreat of Bragg to Tullahoma, 366.

SECTION XI.

CAMPAIGN FOR THE CAPTURE OF RICHMOND.

CHAPTER LIV.

THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN. FIRST PERIOD. THE ADVANCE.

The War-cry of the East, 367.-Problem of the Richmond Campaign, 368.-Mili-

tary Principles involved, 369.-Errors of the Campaign, 370.-Political Influ-

ences; McClellan's Inactivity, 371.-Strength of the Opposing Armies, 372.—

Public Dissatisfaction, 373.-The Prince de Joinville's Statement, 374.-The

Confederates evacuate Manassas, 375.-Appointment of Corps Commanders, 376.

-Their Opinions respecting the Protection of Washington, 377.-The Peninsu-

lar Expedition sails, 378.-Lincoln's Letter to McClellan, 379.-Siege of York-

town, 380.-Battle of Williamsburg, 381.-Retreat of the Confederates, 382.-

Surrender of Norfolk, 383.-Battle of Fair Oaks and Seven Pines, 384 to 388.-

Stuart rides round the Army, 388.-Lee appointed to command the Confeder-

ate Army, 389.

CHAPTER LV.

THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN. SECOND PERIOD. THE RETREAT.

Stonewall Jackson's Campaign in the Valley, 390.-He checks Fremont and at-
tacks Kenly, 391.-Banks's Retreat to the Potomac, 393.-Consternation in Wash-
ington and Call for more Troops, 394.-Jackson's Retreat, 395.-Port Republic
and Cross Keys, 396.-Inactivity of the Potomac Army, 397.-McClellan at
length advances, but immediately recedes, 398.-The Confederates take the Of-
fensive, 398.-Perilous Position of the Potomac Army, 399.-The seven Days'

Campaign, 400.—Battles of Mechanicsville and the Chickahominy, 401.-Battle

of the Chickahominy, 403, 404.-McClellan's Accusations against the Govern-

ment, 405.—The Retreat, 406, 407.-Savage's Station, 408.-Battle of Frazier's

Farm, 409, 410.-Malvern Hill, 411.-Battle of Malvern Hill, 412, 413.-Retreat

to Harrison's Landing, 414.—Lee's Report of the Campaign, 415.-Withdrawal

of the Army from the Peninsula, 416, 417.

CHAPTER LVI.

THE BATTLE OF THE IRON SHIPS.

Construction of the Merrimack, 419.-She comes out of Norfolk, 419, destroys the

Cumberland, 420, and the Congress, 421.-Arrival of the Monitor, 422.-Battle

between the Monitor and Merrimack, 423, 424.-Results of the Battle, 425.-End

of the Merrimack and Monitor, 426.

CHAPTER LVII.

THE SORTIE OF LEE. FORCING OF THE NATIONAL ARMY UNDER POPE INTO THE

DEFENSES OF WASHINGTON.

Pope in Command, 427.-His offensive Order, 428.-His Advice to the Govern-

ment, 429.-Halleck made General in Chief, 430.-Advance of the Confederates

to the Rapidan, 431.-Pope's Principles of the Campaign, 431.-Retaliatory

Measures of the Confederates, 432.-Cedar Mountain, 433.-The Turning of

Pope's Right, 435.-Pope falls back, 436.-Movements of Pope and Jackson,

437, 438.-The Battle of Gainesville, 439, 440, 441.-Pope's Accusations against

Porter, 442.-Retreat to Centreville, 443.-Chantilly, 444.-Pope's Conduct in

the Campaign, 445.-Critical Position of the Government, 446, 447.

CHAPTER LVIII.

THE SORTIE OF LEE AND ITS REPULSE. THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. THE CON-

FEDERATES RETURN TO THE RAPPAHANNOCK. THE BATTLE OF FREDERICKS-

BURG.

Invasion of Maryland, 449.-Lukewarmness of the Marylanders, 450.-Object of the

Sortie, 451.-McClellan follows Lee, 452.-Forcing of Turner's Gap, 453.-For-

cing of Crampton's Gap, 454.-Capture of Harper's Ferry, 455.-Lee falls back

to the Antietam, 456.-Topography of Antietam, 457.-The Battle of Antietam,

458 to 465.-Lee recrosses the Potomac, 466.-Stuart's Pennsylvania Raid, 467.

-Burnside at Fredericksburg, 468 to 470.-The Battle of Fredericksburg, 471

to 474.-Hooker in Burnside's Stead, 475.-Condition of the Confederate Army,

476 to 479.

SECTION XII.

THE BLOCKADE AND OPERATIONS CONNECTED WITH IT.

CHAPTER LIX.

NAVAL OPERATIONS CONNECTED WITH THE BLOCKADE.

Classification of Naval Affairs, 480.-The Port Royal Expedition, 481 to 484.-

Blockade of Savannah, 485.-Reduction of Fort Pulaski, 486, 487.-Expedition

to Fernandina, 488, 489.-Expedition to Hatteras, 490, 491.-The Roanoke Ex-

pedition, 492, 495.-Capture of Fort Macon, 496.-Stone Blockade, 497.-Con-

federate Privateers, 498, 499.-Attack on the Mississippi Squadron, 500.

xiv

CONTENTS,

SECTION XIII.

FOREIGN FELATIONS AND DOMESTIC POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC.

CHAPTER LX.

FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC. STATE OF EUROPEAN OPINION ON

AMERICAN AFFAIRS.

Expectations of the National Government and the Confederacy, 501.-Opinion of

various Classes in England, 502, 503.-Influence of English Journalism, 504.—

Parallel between the Colonial and Confederate Movements, 505.—Tactics of the

Newspapers, 506.-Criticisms on the South, 507.--Secession is Treason, 508.—

Prospective Disasters of the South, 509.-Effect of the Morrill Tariff, 510.—

Partition of the Union inevitable, 511.-Liberal Statesmanship of the South, 512.

Common Interest of England and the South, 513.-Neutrality Proclamations,

514.

CHAPTER LXI.

THE FRENCH EXPEDITION TO MEXICO. ITS INFLUENCE ON THE OPINION OF

EUROPE RESPECTING AMERICAN AFFAIRS.

Origin of the Mexican Expedition, 515.-Proposed Union of the Southern States

and Mexico, 516.-Secession the first Step in the Plot, 517.-Course of the Eu-

ropean Powers, 518.-Half Measures of the French, 519.-Intervention in Mex-

ico, 520.-Expectations of the three Powers, 521.-Letter of the Emperor Napo-

leon, 522.-The French Expedition sails, 523.-The City of Mexico seized, 524.

-The Mexican Empire established, 525.-Napoleon abandons Maximilian, 526.

-Impolicy of the Removal of the French, 526.-Correspondence of Mr. Seward,

527.-Failure of the Mexican Empire, 528.-Disappointment of all Parties in

the Mexican Expedition, 529, 530.

CHAPTER LXII.

STATE OF EUROPEAN OPINION ON AMERICAN AFFAIRS (continued). TIIE TRENT

QUESTION.

Attack of European Journals on the Union, 531.-Literary Attacks, 532, 533.—

The South rising in Favor, 534.-Advantages of Secession to Europe, 535.—

Summary of the Views of English Journalism, 536.-Indifference to American

Opinion, 537.-Retaliation of American Journalists, 538.—Change in foreign

Opinion, and its Cause, 539.-The Trent Affair, 540, 541.-Views of the English

Government, 542; of the French Government, 543.-Instructions to the Amer-

ican Minister, 544.-Restoration of the Captives, 545.-Lord Lyons on the State

of Affairs, 546, 547.

CHAPTER LXIII.

RESOURCES AND DEFENSES OF THE REPUBLIC IN 1862.

ARMY, AND NAVY.

ITS FINANCES,

Formation of a Public Debt in England, 549; its supposed Advantages, 550.-Dis-

advantages of direct Taxation; Experience of the Romans, 551.-Political Ef-

fect of protective Tariffs, 552.-Finance Report for 1860, 552.—Finances in 1861,

553, 554.—Intrusion of Slavery in these Affairs, 555.-Slave-owners insulted in

London, 556.-Chase the Secretary of the Treasury, 557.-Financial Provisions

for 1862, 558.-Arrangements with the Banks, 559, 560.—The Provisions prove

inadequate, 561.-Additional Taxes recommended, 562.-Bank Circulation, 563.

-Advantages of a National Circulation, 564, 565.-Financial Provisions for

1863, 566.-Suspension of Specie Payments, 567.-A National Circulation rec-

ommended, 568.-Congressional Financial Acts, 569.-Resumé of the Finances,

570.-Receipts and Deficiency for the Year, 571.-The Value of Gold, 572.—

Financial and political Effect of a National Circulation, 573.—Wealth of the Re-

public, 574.-Financial Contrast of the Republic and the Confederacy, 575.-

The Tendency of Wealth to Concentration, 576.-War Report for 1861, 576, 577.

-Stanton's War Report for 1862, 578.-Suppression of disloyal Practices, 579.-

Magnitude of the Military Operations, 580.-Necessity of using the Slave Ele-

ment, 581 to 583.-Loyalty of the Slaves, 584.-Political Weakness of the South,

585.-Navy Report for 1862, 585, 586.-Success of the Naval Operations, 587.-

Development of the Navy, 588, 589.

CHAPTER LXIV.

PROGRESS OF THE ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT.

Classification of Anti-slavery Movements, 590.-Anti-slavery Measures of Congress,

591 to 595.-Anti-slavery Acts of the President, 596.-His Views respecting

Slavery, 597.-He proposes compensated Emancipation, 598.-His Statements

showing his Reluctance to emancipate the Slaves, 599.-Contradictory Army

Orders, 600.-Lincoln's Plans of Colonization and compensated Emancipation,

601, 602.-His Counter-proclamation to Hunter, 603.-His Negotiations with

the Border States, 604.-His Interview with certain religious Persons, 605, 606.

-He is constrained to resort to Emancipation, 607.-The preparatory Proclama-

tion of September 22d, 608, 609, 610.-His religious Interpretation of certain

military Events, 611.-The Slaves expecting Freedom, 612.-The Emancipa-

tion Proclamation of January 1st, 1863, 613.-The End of Slavery in America,

614.