fir, Ponderosa pine, and lodgepole pine mistletoe. I might add that I am quite concerned t stated as follows: We are unconcerned because the argument is because existing commercial timber stands are environmental factor. Well, it is true that it is grown in the fa factors, but it came about because the pas has been that it did burn over periodica protection will prevent much of this happeni Mr. FRYKMAN. The committee proposed pole pine on the Bitterroot National Fore all around them of the damaging effects o beetle outbreaks and the spread of mistleto pine stands. The committee proposed timber mining, a posal to come from a faculty, several of forestry school. Timber mining should only to be converted to other uses and might proposed for inclusion in wilderness areas. The economic theories espoused by the s on gross oversimplification. The select committee held the position th age because they contended demand has ta They overlooked the fact that of the softw is on public lands and 54 percent on natio we have a tremendous pentup demand for h less privileged citizens. The steep rise in lu period and the more recent rise in price impending short supply of sawtimber. Finally, the select committee recommend expansion of research, need for objective planning, need for improvement in quality ] and better balanced funding, and eliminat ecord. Senator Metcalf said the record would be kept open for inclusion of other statements for the record. I should like onal statement included in the record: overall objectives of the people who opposed clearcutting ment practices on National Forest lands as basically two. T -t to discredit the U.S. Forest Service as a land managem gency has had an outstanding record of management since kes a major effort to downgrade this record. The attempt he Interior Department which has never given up trying st Service to its fold. The long time close ties between Dr. Arn nterior Department personnel and the intemperate nature of ee's report indicate how strong this motivation to discredit has been. The objective is to make it easier to transfer the Serv tment of Natural Resources. The Bureau of Land Managem lited even though their land management practices on cutti o better, and in many cases of poorer quality, than the For s on National Forest lands. ng the Forest Service to the Interior Department or to a n Natural Resources, the preservationist and National Pa e readily get National Forest lands designated for wilderne ational Park purposes than could with the Forest Service in t Agriculture. A Secretary of Interior, or a Secretary of Natur d designate areas for the above purposes initially throu action whereas now it must be done by action of Congress. pal objection to clearcutting is to make it nearly impossib nage most conifer stands in the West. By so doing the prese ra Club and Wilderness Society) will succeed in their singl e to create greater and greater areas of wilderness. about the Forest Service orientation toward timber managemen incorrect analysis. If only part of what the people complaine arvesting practices are true, this is a strong indication tha ice has not paid enough attention to timber management; tru years working for that agency. · Forest Service people were so strongly timber oriented, wh ide over 9 million acres of commercial timberland in primitiv areas and set aside no acres of similar timberland for timbe rposes? request that the above statement be included in the hearing plementary statement. committee find they do not need all of the 50 copies of my review mmittee's report, I should appreciate having the surplus returned erely yours, JOEL L. FRYKMAN, right, the detailed statement by Mr. Stewart director of the society, is in the hands of the simply like to have that included in the recor Senator METCALF. Thank you very much. Mr. Brandborg's statement will be inclu point. Mr. SCOTT. Thank you, sir. Senator METCALF. Mr. Louis S. Clap Foundation. I do not see Mr. Clapper here. Mr. Daniel Poole, National Wildlife Institu I think the record should show that both the Wilderness Society, and Mr. Daniel Poole ment Institute, are also Montanans. I guess that the recent statements made by other M (The statements by Mr. Brandborg, Mr. follow :) STATEMENT OF STEWART M. BRANDBORG, E Mr. Chairman, I am Sewart M. Brandborg, Execu ness Society. The Wilderness Society is a national c 70,000 members who are deeply interested in the remaining wilderness lands, and who are also inter recreation and commodity resources on the lands of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service. reflects concern of the public in responding her invitation to comment on programs for the protectio lands administered by the federal government. As a matter of personal background, I would over a period of twelve years, from 1942 to 1954, and permanent positions by state Fish and Game Montana, the Idaho Wildlife Research Unit, and th period 1942 through 1946, I worked for the For positions on fire protection and suppression, timber Montana and Oregon. In my lifetime our population has doubled. This do of our seemingly unlimited pressure on our limited in 1790 there would have been only 4,000,000 peo hain saw severs the trunk, tons or wooⱭ come crashing uch as one-fourth of the volume may be broken, and often the woods. When the cutting is complete the area looks a tit. At this point, however, the soil is barely scarred. g, yarding and loading of the logs is the really bruising exper The huge logs are brought to the landing in a process that des ramaining vegetation and disrupts the soil mantle. Finally, phemistically called the clean-up. This is a controlled fire des ne prodigious waste so that the logging debris will not be a nsect hazard to the remaining timber, and so that the pla crop will be easier and more likely to succeed. By then the vulnerable to soil and water loss and to ecological change The cutting area has become an ecological disaster area, sca ines and fire. When nature does this, foresters frankly call et out to "salvage" the timber. anagement must seek to conduct the utilization process und management. The first step is merely an inventory. Yet the stri ational timber reviews is that this is all they are. What we re nal forest land resources review. We need to go beyond tabulat er volume and stand-stocking. The forests are ecological com ations of plants and animals that act and interact with each ot rmation on geology, climatology, soil, water, and all plant Service plans to update its Timber Resources Review. The Wil supports this. At the same time we think other vital facts n f our nation is forested-650 million acres. Only 12 percent of mercial softwood forest, yet it is on the 240 million softwood a takes its greatest beating. The softwood forest is where the act he core of our problem. industry has a peculiar knack of directing attention to the pul dustry's current theme is that these forests are "under-managed g "under-cut." The fact is that they are under-managed and ba are managed well when compared with the private forests. Ap tests-volume per acre, age class distribution, stocking, quali timber sale standards, road standards, and presence of landall show that the publicly managed forests have a comparativ evertheless, the record ought to be much better. industry wants to secure its raw material at the lowest total co to look at the trade journals to see the emphasis on econon ich saw will cut the fastest? Which tractor or yarder will sk the quickest? Which truck will carry the most board feet t loader will get them on the truck most efficiently? public forests were reserved, the timber industry moved with Pa es, liquidating forests by the township. Vast decks were pil along with a good profit risk allowance, subtracted to The theory was that if the low-grade material is in made for its costs, it can be taken and utilized. But this did not fit the economic views of the indu paid for were those removed. The scale is board f bidder has an economic self-interest in breaking u only removing the better, that is, more profitable, logs. The Service started to set road standards. This ha of protest from the industry. As recently as 1964 wh road-building measure, was enacted, the timber i success to weaken Section 4 on road standards. The i that it dubbed "the prudent operator rule." This rule fully allowed for by the Service in the appraisal o built "to a standard higher than that necessary fo particular sale." The industry through its efforts to affect the terms of measurement seeks to keep its costs down. For yea Knutson-Vandenberg Act which permits the Service stumpage receipts to reforest cut-over areas. Another element of the industry's approach to th historical perspective. In 1909 southern pine lumber billion board feet a year. By 1967, it had dropped b Douglas fir lumber production was only 4.9 billion b peaked at 10.2 billion board feet. In 1967, it was 8.2 Hemlock in 1909 represented only 130 million board 1965 it had climbed to 2.6 billion board feet. In the early 1960's the Pacific Northwest timber in the importation of Canadian lumber. The industry s the same time a new factor entered. Lo and behol which had flourished prior to World War II began Oregon and Washington in 1961 were 335 million boa two billion board feet, of which Douglas fir totaled a This decade marked the opening of the full effort to timber. Cutting was about 61⁄2 billion board feet a y at 13 billion board feet. Yet when the industry can action to curtail log exports, it curiously didn't wa forests tampered with. A 1968 floor amendment in request, and last year this provision was extended i Housing Act. We view the forest products industry as curiously seems to have almost a love-hate relationship with pendence on the forest yet in many instances, it follo It talks of preserving domestic markets for wood and of raw logs. It proclaims the science of forestry whi operator rule for forest road construction and systems |