ELD. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. is John W. Duffield, of Raleigh, N.C. I am here tod of the executive vice president of the Society of Americ which I have been a member since 1935. I am current silviculture in the School of Forest Resources of Nor te University. y career as a professional forester has been in biologic teaching, starting in the Northeastern United States of junior forest ecologist-then California, the Inlar Pacific Northwest, and since 1963, in the Southeast. hasize two important aspects of the biology of our forest e diversity of our forest types and the complexity orest communities of ecosystems. I believe that the y are fully grasped and accepted, will suggest the scop propriate for any legislative action. s of our continent north of the Rio Grande are so varie lefy cataloging. In most general terms, our forest region as the northern forest, the eastern deciduous foreste southern pine region, the Pacific coastal, Rock nd Sierra Nevadan complexes. But within these larg Society of American Foresters has identified and ver bed 156 forest cover types. fication can be justly criticized as overlooking man s of the composition and life of these forest communitie ved as a useful aid in the protection, regeneration, util opreciation of our forests. Each of these 156 forest cove e described in much greater detail, with data on soils, un ts, insects, mammals, birds, esthetic values, and so on work is in progress and is resulting in a continuing refine division of many of these broad cover types accordin roductivity and management possibilities. 1 world, management of the forest would await perfec the biology of each type to be managed, just as, in a he practice of medicine would be based on perfect know siology, psychology, anatomy, and pharmacology. Th rest stand, consisting of a closely interrelated system o With regard to clear-cutting as a forest har method, I believe it is fair to state that we fi cation of the method on one hand and unj method on the other. The most obvious misa are those instances which constitute large re the forest scenery. Related misapplications oc clear-cuts are placed side by side, creating, large clear-cut. The use of increasingly heav and the short-term economic justification of se tend to make clear-cuts larger than can be esthetic grounds. Such large clear-cuts often go too far in homogeneous units areas which are not in the short-range economic view may force o degree of rigidity comparable to that impose regulations or law. On the other hand, criticisms of clear-cu stances, been directed at cases of environm were not the consequence of clear-cutting per siltation has been shown, in Forest Service stu to follow clear-cutting only when logging located and constructed and insufficient car logs. Indeed, some of my neighbors in wester I own a small forest, cause more damage to st few "selectively-cut" logs than is done by 1 carefully with well located roads. In the Pacific Northwest, the Cedar Rive of Seattle has for years produced water of t catchments clear-cut under careful supervisi Eutrophication of streams has been cited a cutting. Perhaps the most careful and com study of this question, the cooperative rese in New Hampshire, included a feature which in normal forest management. After the ex made, sprouting and reseeding of vegetation anager does not have the financial resources at his d letely sterilize a site with herbicides, as was done qu is experiment as an experimental technique to stu ing process. URCH. Do you think as a result of the findings in t periment that much more extensive exprimentation ? LD. I would say that the forest research organizatio e country have figuratively leaped to get into stud followup on this lead. It has been a very stimulati er research. My personal opinion is that it is prematu sions for practice from this single study. clear-cut area, in all but the drier forest regions, ed-up" by a lush vegetation of annual plants, shrub ings and sprouts. This vegetation owes its luxurian of the mineral nutrients released by the clear-cutting le of this supply of nutrients is moved from the site or percolation to streams, if logging has been careful URCH. This would have a good deal to do also, woul e area that is, a relatively steep slope clear-cut woul t not, in a larger runoff of nutrients? LD. Yes, sir. The point I wish to emphasize is that u s kept sterile of vegetation, and the move of nutrien is not nearly as dramatic as we may have been led t this deliberately laboratory type experiment, the lu new growth in many clear-cut areas is the basis for larg g game population and other wildlife. new growth rises out of reach of the game or is shade ands of trees, the big game carrying capacity of clear nes. This fact has been a cause of tension between hunter Owers in the Douglas-fir region. n of the size of clear-cut is not simply one of esthetics this aspect is in many instances. A small clear-cut are ily more readily regenerated than a large one. The mar -cut area are what the game manager cherishes as "edge, at for wildlife and big game. The smaller the individua ivir. Спагınаn, I ѕnоша пке to request u three page article "Silviculture Need Not B lished in the Journal of Forestry in October Senator CHURCH. I would be very happy has an intriguing title. Mr. DUFFIELD. Thank you. Senator CHURCH. I have no questions. Senator METCALF. No. (The article referred to follows:) |