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cipal. This institution was incorporated in 1850, but was not opened till 1852. It had in the year ending Sept. 30, 1861, 86 pupils in attendance, and at the commencement of the autumn term, 71. There are six teachers, a steward and assistant steward, and amatron and assistant matron. The course of study is seven years, and comprises instruction in the general English studies, and the acquisition of a trade. Cabinet-making is the mechanical employment of the male pupils generally. The receipts of the year were $16,415 64, all from the State; the expenditures were $15,761 07, of which $11,890 14 was for current expenses, or $158 53 per pupil per annum.

WISCONSIN STATE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, near Madison, Dr. J. P. Clement, Superintendent.-This institution was opened for patients in July, 1860, and in the fifteen months from that time to Oct. 1, 1861, 145 patients were admitted (72 males and 73 females), 42 were discharged (21 males and 21 females), and 103 remained (51 males and 52 females). Of those discharged, 16 were recovered, 7 improved, 8 unimproved, and 11 died. Percentage of recoveries on admissions, 11.03; percentage of recoveries on number resident, 15.68; percentage of deaths on admissions, 7.50; on number resident, 10.78. Receipts during the year for all purposes, $48,600; expenditures, $42,227, of which $20,640 76 was for current expenses. A new wing for the accommodation of female patients was completed and occupied in 1862.

CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS.-The State Reform School, at Waukesha, Dr. Moses Barrett, Superintendent. This institution was incorporated in 1859, and opened July 24, 1860. On the 30th Sept. 1860, there were in the school 40 pupils (33 boys and 7 girls); received during the year ending Sept. 30, 1861, 35 (28 boys and 7 girls); recommitted, 6 (boys); making the whole number received 81 (67 boys and 14 girls). There were discharged during the year, by expiration of sentence, 37 (31 boys and 6 girls); discharged on ticket of leave, 3(1 boy and 2 girls); escaped, 1 (girl); remaining in school, Sept. 30, 1861, 40 (35 boys and 5 girls). 19 were committed during their minority, 37 for one year, and the remainder for an average period of less than 6 months. Vagrancy and larceny were the principal offences; but 3 were committed for assault and battery. The average age was 12 years; 18 were of foreign birth, and 57 born in the United States; 51 were of foreign parentage; 41 were orphans or half-orphans; and one or both of the parents of 64 were intemperate or vicious; 45 had themselves been addicted to the use of spirituous liquors, 64 were profane, and 69 addicted to lying. The boys are employed on the farm and in shoemaking, tailoring, and joiner-work, and the girls in knitting and housework. The shoe-shop showed a balance on the wrong side, the value of the work being less than the cost of material and wages of overseer. The farm will in future furnish employment for the greater

part of the boys. The receipts of the year were $10,550, and the expenditures $8,412 12, of which $5,879 17 was for current expenses, or $146 98 per pupil per annum.

Wisconsin State Prison, at Waupun, A. P. Hodges, Commissioner.-This prison had on the 1st of October, 1860, 170 convicts. There were committed during the year 74, and recaptured 1, making the whole number in prison during the year 245. There were discharged during the year, by expiration of sentence, 45, by pardon, 26, on writ of habeas corpus, 1, removed to Insane Hospital, 2, by reduction of term of sentence in consequence of good behavior, as per act of 1860, 34, leaving in prison, Sept. 30, 1861, 137 (125 males and 12 females). Since the organization of the prison there have been 704 prisoners, of whom 567 have been discharged,-326 by expiration of sentence, 188 by pardon, 5 by habeas corpus and order of court, 1 escaped without recapture, 2 removed to Insane Hospital, 7 died from natural causes, 1 committed suicide, and 37 were discharged on reduction of time (act of 1860). Of those in prison, Oct. 1, 1861, 74 were foreigners, 63 natives of the United States, 45 were convicted for crimes against the person, 83 for crimes against property, and 9 for crimes against society. The receipts of the prison from all sources were $37,228 30, of which $5,432 32 was from labor of prisoners (aside from a large amount of labor performed in erecting buildings, constructing drains, &c.). The expenditures were $37,948 01, of which $13,432 was for salaries and about $10,000 for support; the remainder was for buildings, drains, &c.

Statistics of the State for 1861.-The State, by act of 1861, required the assessors to collect in their respective townships agricultural, mineral, and mining statistics; and the first returns were made in the autumn of 1861. They are incomplete, a few of the assessors making no report and others not reporting in full, but they show in most particulars a decided advance from the U.S. Census of the previous year. The following are the most important items:-apples, 194,983 bushels, valued at $153.031 90; wheat, 27,316,306.5 bushels, valued at $17,100,995 06; barley, 963,201 bushels, valued at $332,291; rye, 1,650,998 bushels, valued at $534,014; oats, 13,834,937.5 bushels, valued at $2,171,292 52; buckwheat, 240,336 bushels, valued at $87,333; corn, 12,045,178 bushels, valued at $2,953,578; beans and peas, 176,766 bushels, valued at $99,027; clover-seed, 63,604 bushels, valued at $6,010 76; timothy-seed, 29,668 bushels, valued at $53,735; flax, 13,035 bushels, valued at $19,776 65; flax-seed, 18,063 bushels, valued at $12,678; hay, 692,872.5 tons, valued at $2,695,803; potatoes, 8,713,902 bushels, valued at $1,153,019; butter, 10.923,826 pounds, valued at $1,198,905; cheese, 1,176,816 pounds, valued at $112,139; sorghum sugar, 3493 pounds, valued at $454; sorghum molasses, 51,085 gallons, valued at $22,009; maple molasses, 35,557.5 gallons, valued at $25,350;

capital invested in all departments of productive industry), $3,645,109. Thirty-six county agricul tural societies reported to the Secretary of State. Their receipts for the year from all sources had been $17,742 88, and their expenditures for premiums and expenses, $16,545 11.

maple sugar, 825,391 pounds, valued at $103,897; | below the truth, though it does not refer to honey, 245,185 pounds, valued at $31,318; wine, 18,546 gallons, valued at $23,330; cattle and calves on hand, 554,903, valued at $6,227,158; slaughtered cattle and calves, 57,781, valued at $1,154,305; swine, 406,572, valued at $1,095,689; slaughtered hogs, 248,413, valued at $2,504,213; horses and mules, 127,837, valued at $6,226,079; sheep and lambs on hand, 422,599, valued at $624,888; slaughtered sheep and lambs, 34,772, valued at $83,720; wool, 915,073.5 pounds, valued at $331,148; woollen fabrics, 116,561.5 yards, valued at $76,458; leather, valued at $146,177; boots and shoes, 299,354 pairs, valued at $715,169; cotton goods, 34,406 yards, valued at $15,434; paper, 97,360 reams, valued at $143,565; linseed-oil, 5548 gallons, valued at $4841; whiskey, 1,275,888 gallons, valued at $196,146; pig-iron, 381,000 pounds, valued at $35,500; lead smelted to the value of $188,880; lead raised, valued at $264,757; lead manufactured to the value of $84,459; earthenware, valued at $37,400; drain tile, to the value of $2290; agricultural implements and machinery, to the value of $590,269; sawed lumber and shingles, to the value of $3,497,393; cabinet-ware, valued at $402,326; 7454 wagons, valued at $449,410; wood and. willow ware, valued at $329,755; total amount of products, $54,320,931. Capital invested in manufactories (this is undoubtedly far

Contribution of Wisconsin to the Volunteer Army.-Wisconsin contributed her quota to the army at the commencement of the war with great promptness, although her finances were greatly embarrassed and it was with extreme difficulty that the necessary funds for equipping the men could be provided. The call of April 15, 1861, was for a single regiment of three-months men. This was furnished at once, but its departure was delayed for want of arms. It finally left the State, June 7, 1861, numbering 810 officers and Aside from this regiment, the State had sent into the field, prior to the 1st of July, 1862, 19 regiments of infantry, 3 regiments of cavalry, and 7 batteries of artillery, and 2 companies of sharpshooters, numbering in all 24,653 men. Under the call for 300,000 three-years men in July, 1862, six regiments (6000 men) were raised, and, under the call of August for 300,000 nine-months men, about 12,000 more, making the whole number raised by the State to Dec. 1862, aside from the three-months regiments, 42,557 men.

men.

XXXI. MINNESOTA.

Organized as a Territory, 1849. Admitted into the Union, 1857. Capital, St. Paul. Area, 83,531 square miles. Population, 1860, 173,855.

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The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary | years, one-half each year. Representatives are of State, Treasurer, and Attorney-General are chosen by a plurality vote for two years and until their successors are qualified. The Auditor is elected in the same way, but for three years. The number of Senators is twenty-one, of Representatives, forty-two. Senators are chosen for two

elected annually. The election for State officers and members of the Legislature is on the second Tuesday of October. The time of meeting of the Legislature is on the Tuesday after the first Monday of January. The sessions of the Legislature are annual.

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successors are chosen. A clerk for these courts is chosen in each county for four years. The District Courts have original jurisdiction in all cases in law and equity where over $100 is in controversy, and in criminal cases where the punishment may be imprisonment for over three months, or a fine of over $100. There are Probate Courts in each

The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Courts of Probate, Justices of the Peace, and such other courts inferior to the Supreme Court as the Legislature may, by a twothirds vote, establish. The Supreme Court, with original jurisdiction in such remedial cases as are prescribed by law, and appellate jurisdiction in all cases, both in law and equity, consists of a chief-organized county, and the judges are elected for justice and two associate justices, elected by the people at large, to hold office for seven years and until their successors are qualified. The Legislature, by a two-thirds vote, may increase the number of associate justices to four. There are no trials by jury in this court. The court appoints a reporter of its decisions. A clerk is chosen for three years and until his successor is qualified. There are six judges of the District Courts, elected in single districts for seven years and until their

two years. Justices of the Peace are elected in each county for two years. Their jurisdiction in civil cases does not exceed $100, and in criminal cases they cannot imprison over three months, nor fine over $100. The justices of the Supreme and District Courts can hold no other office, Federal or State, nor be eligible during their term to any other than a judicial office; and their compensation cannot be diminished during their continuance in office.

FINANCES.

State Taxes....

Sources of Income.

The fiscal year in 1861 embraced but eleven months, owing to the change of its termination made by law in 1860.

The total receipts from Jan. 1, 1861, to Dec. 1, 1861, were................
The total expenditure for the same time was...

Leaving a balance in the treasury

$106,462 38

101,732 96

$4,729 42

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U.S. Treasury, on account of "Sunrise" Expedition......

U.S. Treasury, for boarding prisoners at State Prison.......

U.S. Treasury, on account of five per cent. on sales of Public Lands........ For amounts refunded by M. Byron, Minn. & Pacific R.R. Co., and People's and La Crosse & La Crescent Banks Balance in Treasury, Jan. 1, 1861.........

1,111 77 Judicial

Public Printing.......

258 84 State Prison

675 78 $106,462 38

At the extra session of Sept. 9, 1862, Governor Ramsey, without going into detail of receipts and expenditures, states that the financial condition of the State was better than it had been at any previous period; that the U.S. direct tax had been nearly paid, and that the eight per cent. bonds of the State were selling above par in New York.

State Debt.-The entire debt of the State, Dec. 1, 1861, was $316,682 47, of which $250,000 was a funded debt, and $66,682 47 floating debt. The extraordinary expenses incurred in the warfare with the Indians, in the summer of 1862, increased this indebtedness; but the greater part of these expenses will be assumed by the General Govern

ment.

Valuation and Taxation.-The Census valuation of real and personal estate in the State in 1860 was $52,294,413; the assessors' valuation in 1861 for purposes of taxation was $39,077,531 99, and the State tax of 1861 amounted to $152,919; and the entire amount of State, school, poor, and local taxes was $613,938.

BANKS.-The banks of Minnesota are few and of small capital. There were in Jan. 1860, 17 banks in the State, two of which, however, had given notice of their intention to close; and on the 1st of Jan. 1861, seven others had failed, and one more closed; in the course of the year 1861, one more failed and one closed, leaving, Dec. 1, 1861, only four in existence, with an aggregate capital of $250,000, $81,236 circulation, and securities (Minnesota 7 per cent. bonds) to the amount of $165,000. Of these four, two (the Chatfield, and La Crosse and La Crescent Banks, with a capital of $100,000, a circulation of $59,373, and securities to the amount of $108,000) maintained no office of discount, deposit,

State Normal School.....

$106,462 38

or circulation in Minnesota, their place of business being Milwaukee, Wisconsin, though organized under the Minnesota banking-law. During the year 1862 the Chatfield Bank also went down, and in May, 1862, the Bankers' Magazine reported three banks in the State, including the La Crosse and La Crescent, with an aggregate capital of $200,000, a circulation of $195,000, and specie to the amount of $36,000.

RAILROADS.-On the 3d of March, 1857, Congress granted to the then Territory of Minnesota lands to the amount of 4,399,141 acres, to aid in the construction of certain railroads, the grant consisting of the alternate or odd-numbered sections of the public lands along the surveyed lines in a belt six miles wide on each side of the lines. The following roads were surveyed and located in 1857, and in the course of the autumn of 1858 considerable work was done on the roads; but the financial panic of 1857-8 embarrassed the companies, and the State in the spring of 1858 attempted to aid them by loaning its bonds, on certain conditions, to the companies; but capitalists had lost faith in railroads in new States, and the bonds, which were issued to the extent of $2,275,000, fell to 17 cents on the dollar, the companies defaulted, and the roads, lands, franchises, and other assets were confiscated to the State. In 1861 an attempt was made to secure the construction of the roads: the lands and other assets were granted to new companies on condition of completing 20 miles of their respective roads before Jan. 1, 1862; but only one company did any thing, and that (the Minnesota and Pacific) soon abandoned the work, in consequence of a misunderstanding with the contractors.

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The "American Railroad Journal," of Jan. 10, 1863, states the amount of projected railroad in Minnesota, on the 1st of January, 1863, as 1167.50 miles, the amount completed 3.60 miles, and the cost of railroads and equipment, thus far, $3,200,000.

EDUCATION.-Minnesota has a State University at the Falls of St. Anthony, endowed by Congress with 46,080 acres of land; but the Regents, in 1856, were allowed to mortgage its lands as security for bonds issued for the erection of a college edifice at a cost of $45,000; and in the financial revulsion which followed in 1857 and 1858, it became seriously embarrassed, and there seems to be danger that the whole endowment will be lost. There are also two other colleges in the State,Hamline University, at Red Wing, under the care of the Methodists, and Minnesota Central University, at Hastings, organized and maintained by the Baptists. The Presbyterians have also opened a preparatory school at Mankato, with a view to the organization of a college under the name of the "University of Southern Minnesota." There are, so far as we are aware, no professional schools in the State.

Common Schools.-The common-school revenue is derived from the following sources:-1. A grant of two sections (16 and 36) in every township of the public lands of the State, amounting to about 2,888,000 acres. Only a small amount of these lands have yet been sold, and there has been no considerable revenue derived from them. In his message of Sept. 9, 1862, Governor Ramsey states that from $25,000 to $30,000 would probably be realized for the principal of the fund during the year 1862. 2. A county school-fund, raised by a general tax of 21⁄2 mills on the valuation of each county, and distributed from the county treasury

to the several school districts in proportion to their population between the ages of 5 and 21: this tax in 1861 amounted to $95,574. 3. Twentyfive per cent. of all moneys paid for license for the sale of spirituous liquors, and the proceeds of fines for several classes of statutable offences, which are added to the county school-fund.

We have no statistics of the public schools of the State later than those of 1860. At that date there were 938 districts, with 672 schools, and 14,954 scholars; the whole number of persons between 5 and 21 years of age was 39,033, and the amount of county school-tax, $82,511 97, which we suppose included also the fines and licenses; the cost per head of tuition was, therefore, $5 89. In all the above particulars there has been a considerable advance since that time. The State chartered in 1858 an Agricultural College, to which the citizens of Glencoe deeded a tract of 320 acres of land on condition of its location there. It was to be under the direction of the State Agricultural Society, but has not yet gone into operation. The Congress Agricultural-College grant may lead to its complete organization.

Religious Denominations.-The principal religious denominations in Minnesota are Catholics, Methodists, Baptists, Free Presbyterians, NewSchool Presbyterians, Old-School Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Lutherans, and Universalists. The following table exhibits their condition in 1861:

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