Males. Fem. Tot. Males. Fem. Tot. Males. Fem. Tot. Males. Fem. Tot.

The Central Asylum furnishes the following sta- | large scale, wholly on the family system, in the tistics of the patients received since the opening of that Asylum in 1838:-Whole number admitted, 3857; whole number discharged, recovered, 2000; discharged, improved, 412; discharged, unimproved, 724; died, 470; males admitted, 1951; females admitted, 1906; males discharged, 1819; females discharged, 1786; males recovered, 987; females recovered, 1013; males died, 268; females died, 202; recent cases when admitted, i.e. less than one year, 2489; chronic cases when admitted, 1368; percentage of recoveries on admissions, 51.85; percentage of recoveries on average number treated, 41.39; percentage of deaths on admissions, 12.24; on average number treated, 9.00.

Correctional Institutions.-In the winter of 1857, the Legislature appointed a "Board of Commissioners of Reform Schools," with power to establish one or more Reform Schools. The Board purchased for about $13,000 a farm of 1170 acres near Lancaster, Fairfield county, in the centre of the State, and, having decided to organize their Reform School on a plan analogous to that of the French Agricultural Colony at Mettray, they opened their first house, with 30 or 40 boys, in 1858. This is the only Reformatory for boys on a

United States, and much interest has been felt in its success. The report for the year 1861 gives evidence that it has succeeded admirably. The number of families up to that time was five, the Scioto, Hocking, Cuyahoga, Muskingum, and Horticultural families, each under the care of an offcer called an "Elder Brother." The farm proved better adapted to fruit than to grain, and hence attention has been paid to stocking it with choice fruit-trees, vines, &c., and although these required some time for growth so as to become profitable, yet they were beginning to realize the first results of their labors. A sufficient quantity of grain, vegetables, and hay was raised to supply their own wants and those of their stock. There were upon the farm a grist-mill, a saw-mill, and a blacksmith's shop, all managed by the boys. A nursery had been commenced, which in another year would not only supply their own wants, but would give them a stock for sale. The garden was an extensive one, and arrangements were made to furnish and put up for market garden-seeds. There was little or no disposition to escape, al though there were no walls or other means of detention. The boys, though often vicious when

ment in a dungeon, and a bread-and-water diet for such term as the offender's conduct may merit, being the penalties for misconduct in the prison. The number remaining in the prison, November 1, 1860, was 932; the number received during the year was 355; the number discharged, 363-of whom 246 were by expiration of sentence, 87 by pardon, 11 sent to State Reform School, 9 discharged on writ of error, 6 died, and 4 escaped; leaving in the prison, November 1, 1861, 924; ave rage number in the prison through the year, 965. Of those who were in the prison at the close of the year, 799 were white and 109 colored males; 13 white, 2 colored, and 1 Indian females; 219 claim to have been strictly temperate, and 705 acknowledge that they were more or less intemperate; 478 were single, 386 married, and CO widowed; 699 were convicted of offences against property (of which 122 were for offences in regard to the currency), 199 of offences against the person (of which 109 were homicides), and 26 of offences against society; 314 were natives of Chio, 400 of other States, and 210 of foreign countries; 67 were sentenced for life, and 80 for periods from 10 to 20 years; 222 were not over 21 years of age when convicted, and 34 of these under 16. Of the convicts sentenced during the year, 96 were 21 years or under, and of these 14 were 16 years or under. Of the 355 committed during the year, 326 were on first conviction, and 29 recommitments. The expenditures of the year were $100,125 28. The receipts were: cash from convict labor, $77,318 03; for clothing and sustenance of United States pri

received, were readily reformed, and have done well: 77 of them had gone into the army, and several had become commissioned officers. The whole number who had been in the institution from the first to November 1, 1861, was 351; there were remaining in the different families, November 1, 1860, 142; 109 were received during the year, and 4 who had previously escaped returned; 77 were discharged during the year, 48 of them to the care of their friends, 19 to their own care, 7 were indentured, 2 escaped, and 1 was drowned. There were on the farm, November, 1861, 178. In November, 1862, the number was 185. The whole management of the institution was under the charge of the Acting Commissioner, George E. Howe, the other two Commissioners acting as an Advisory Board, and frequently visiting and inspecting every part of the establishment. There were six Elder Brothers, who, besides acting as the heads of the several families, and instructing and leading them in their work upon the farm, teach the boys for five hours a day, five days in the week, and spend three evenings in the week in moral reviews. The boys are generally committed by the Police or other courts, and do not differ materially from the same class in other reformatories; more than half of them are orphans or half-orphans, about one-half had been guilty of larceny, and the majority were profane and untruthful. The receipts of the year were, from all sources, $32,288, and the total expenditures, $21,960, leaving a balance of $10,328 on hand, November 20, 1861. Of the expenditures, about $2600 were for buildings, repairs, &c., leav-soners, $8,393 90; received from visitors, $2,144 90; ing $19,360 as the amount of current expenses, or $113 88 as the average annual expense of each pupil. In November, 1862, the expenditures were $19,670, or $108 13 per pupil. The fruit-crops and the capacity of their farm to raise what is needed for the consumption of the families will in a year or two diminish this somewhat large expenditure per capita, or at least give the boys an opportunity of earning a large portion of it by their labor.

There is in Cincinnati a House of Refuge, mainly supported by the city, established in 1845, but not opened till 1850. It occupies a tract of 92% acres of land, and the buildings and grounds together cost about $183,000. It has accommodations for 204 inmates, and in 1860 was more than full. Its annual expenditures in 1860 were $25,000, and the cost of support per capita $113, or very nearly the same as that of the Reform farm. There is also a Reformatory at Cleveland, called the Cleveland Industrial School, sustained by the city, founded in 1856, and opened in 1857, which has accommodations for 300 inmates, and in 1860 had 225. It occupies acre, and the buildings and ground cost $8500. It does not, we believe, lodge the children. Ohio State Penitentiary, Columbus, Nathaniel Merion, Warden.-This prison is conducted on the Auburn or congregated system, but admits no corporeal punishments of the prisoners,-confine

from other sources, $4,966 28; convict labor on enlargement, buildings, &c., $13,056 30; making a total of $105,879 41.

Criminal Statistics.-The report of the AttorneyGeneral of the State gives the following items for the year ending January 1, 1802. There were 1272 indictments pending, and 2557 had been found during the year. On these there had been 1518 convictions, 195 acquittals, and in 700 cases a nolle prosequi was entered. In 405 of the cases of conviction the crime had been committed while the criminal was under the influence of intoxicating liquor. The sentences were-execution, 1; penitentiary for life, 11; for 10 years and over, 12; under 10 years, 325; county jail, 350; State Reform Farm, or Houses of Refuge, 6; fines, 1103. Of those convicted, 45 were for crimes against life; 441 for other crimes against the person, without intent to kill; 476 for crimes against property (42 only against the currency), and 543 for crimes against society-of which, however, 472 were for violation of liquor laws, 33 for violation of gambling laws, and 5 for illegal voting; making 510 statutory offences. The number of murders in the State for the year ending July 1, 1861, was 66, of which 12 were reported as infanticides. The number of suicides was 106; of deaths by casualties, 348; making a total of 520 violent deaths.

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during the long years of peace, and the arms which had been supplied to the State from the United States arsenals were sold, lost, or spoiled by rust. Thirteen regiments were called for, of which two were to be sent on at once. They were sent without uniform, arms, or equipments, and 30,000 men volunteered at once; of these, so soon as they could be organized, armed, and equipped, the other eleven regiments were sent forward; ten regiments were retained in the service of the State as a defence against rebel invasion, and 4000 more organized into companies were held in reserve to be drilled and brought into service if occasion should require. Through mismanagement on the part of the War Department, there was much difficulty in regard to the payment of the three-months troops, and a prejudice against enlistment was thus engendered, which for a time, under the first call for 500,000 men, made the raising of the requisite number a matter of con

$16,000,000 value of goods, and which, in furnishing | supplies to the Western army, &c., has greatly increased since that time; the distillation of grain and manufacture of liquors, which in 1858 produced 39,029,594 gallons, or 780,591 barrels of whiskey, consuming 11,714,985 bushels of grain, which, though it has not probably increased since that time, has not greatly diminished; the manufacture of animal fats (lard oil, candles, and soap), the products of which, in round numbers, are not far from $7,000,000; products of animal meats, about $12,000,000; manufactures of iron, $20,000,000; manufactures of wood, furniture, agricultural machinery, &c., $6,000,000; leather, wool, and cotton, $6,000,000; manufactures of grain, flour, and meal, $10,000,000; carriages, $2,800,000; houses and other buildings, $10,000,000. The mining products of the State are principally iron, coal, and salt. Of these, Mr. Mansfield estimates from the returns the value of the pig iron smelted in 1860 at 105,500 tons, employing 5000 hands, and yield-siderable difficulty. The ten regiments of reserves, ing an annual value of $3,171,000; the coal he estimates (much beyond the assessors' returns, as will be noticed) at 50,000,000 bushels, employing 7000 hands, and having an annual value of $5,000,000; and the salt at 2,000,000 bushels, worth $500,000. The exports of produce from the State in 1860, Mr. Mansfield considers to be nearly as follows: flour, barrels, 2,446,931; wheat, bushels, 7,398,958; corn, bushels, 5,622,802; other grain, bushels, 293,425; whiskey, barrels, 475,778; beef barrels, 52,613; cattle, number 290,187; hogs, number, 1,117,161; wool, pounds, 4,397,081; butter and cheese, pounds, 9,410,420.

and the 4000 who had been held in companies, were called for in the summer of 1861, and new regiments were organized, both under State authority and by license given to individuals by the War Department. On the 1st of January, 1862, Adjutant-General Buckingham reported that the following troops had been raised: infantry, 67,546; cavalry, 7270; artillery, 3028; total for three-years service, 77,844 men. Besides these, the State had furnished 22,000 three-months infantry, 180 three-months cavalry, and 200 three-months artillery, making the entire number enlisted under State authority to that date 100,224. Since that

Naturalizations.-The whole number natural-time, 74,514 men have been raised and sent into ized from July, 1860, to July, 1861, was 11,233, of whom 5949 were Germans, 2108 Irish, and the remainder English, Welsh, Scotch, French, &c.

The Contributions of Ohio to the Volunteer Army. -At the call of the President for troops on the 15th of April, 1861, to suppress the rebellion, Ohio was entirely unprepared. Her military organization, never very effective, had become valueless

the field, under the calls of July and August, 1862, of whom only about 2400 were drafted; making the whole number furnished by the State since the commencement of the war 174,738 men. This is aside from over 10,000 enlisted in the regiments of other States; and in their personnel and the completeness of their drill and equipment the Ohio troops have been second to none in the field.

XXV. MICHIGAN.

Settled in 1670. Capital, Lansing. Area, 56,243 square miles. Population, 1860, 749,113.
Government for the year 1863.

First District, Benjamin L. Baxter; Second District, Eastman Johnson; Third District, Levi Bishop; Fourth District, Donald McIntyre; Fifth District, E. Lakin Browne; Sixth District, Henry Whiting; Seventh District, Luke H. Parsons; Eighth District, Oliver L. Spaulding; Ninth District, William M. Ferry, Jr.; Tenth District, George Bradley.

Trustees Insane Asylum.

Jeremiah P. Woodbury, Wm. Brooks, Luther H. Trask, Zina Pitcher, Erastus Hussey, Daniel L. Pratt. Railroad Commissioners.

Charles Tripp, Hovey K. Clarke, Perley Bills, Omar D. Conger, Horace M. Peck, Wilder D. Foster.

Trustees of Deaf, Dumb, and Blind Asylum.

James A. Walker, Benjamin Pierson, J. P. Leroy.

Board of Control of Reform School.

George W. Lee, Theodore Foster, James I. Mead.

State Board of Agriculture.

David Carpenter, Justus Gage, Philo Parsons, Hezekiah G. Wells, Silas A. Yerkes, Charles Rich.

The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of Senators and Representatives. The number of of State, Auditor-General, Treasurer, Superin- | Senators is limited to thirty-two; of Representa tendent of Public Instruction, Commissioner of the tives, to one hundred. The sessions of the Legis Land Office, and the Attorney-General, are each lature are biennial. A recent amendment to the elected by the people by a plurality vote for two Constitution abolished the limitation of the sesyears. Senators, thirty-two in number, and Rep- sions of the Legislature to forty days, and provided resentatives, eighty-one in number, are elected that no new bill should be introduced into either every two years, by a similar vote, for two years. house after the first fifty days of the session. A The Legislature of 1861 made a new apportionment session commenced in Jan. 1863.