In May, 1862, the fifty-seven banks (including those of deposit) reported $15,305,500 capital, $5,000,000 specie, and $13,500,000 circulation. For RAILROADS, see p. 461. CANALS AND SLACK-WATER NAVIGATION. The State has made extensive improvements in the navigation of its rivers, having in all 766 miles of slack-water navigation. The following table shows the extent, character, and cost of these improvements. EDUCATION.-There are eight colleges in the State, one of them, however, devoted mainly to military training; of the others, two, each, are under the direction of the Baptists, Presbyterians, and Roman Catholics, and one under the charge of the Disciples, or followers of Alexander Campbell. There are three theological schools, one, each, Baptist, Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic; two medical schools, one at Lexington, the other at Louisville; and one law school, at Louisville. School Fund.-The School Fund of the State amounted in Jan. 1860, to $1,455,332 03, of which $73,500 was invested in bank-stock, and the remainder in the bonds of the State. In addition to the revenue derived from the fund, taxes are levied on the capital and surplus of the Bank of Ashland, and the Farmers' and Commercial Bank. and a half-mill tax on the assessment valuation of the State. The amount of school moneys received for distribution for the year ending Jan. 1, 1860, was $325,596 52. For the year ending Jan. 1, 1861, it was estimated at $361,520 25. In many of the counties considerable additional sums are raised, either by subscription or local taxation. Public Schools.-The number of district schools maintained during the year ending Jan 1, 1860, was 4516. The whole number of children of schoolage in the State was 280,466; the highest number attending the schools was 155,772, and the average number in attendance 98,905. The duration of the schools was 4.35 months. The average amount of teachers' wages was not ascertainable. The Kentucky Institution for the Deaf and 1863.] Dumb, at Danville, J. A. Jacobs, Superintendent, was founded in 1823, and in 1860 had 78 pupils, most of them State beneficiaries. The cost of its buildings and grounds was $66,000, and it had a permanent fund of $22,000. The number of instructors was 6, of whom 2 were deaf-mutes. The charge to paying pupils was $105 per annum, and the current expenses $14,658. 409 deaf-mutes had been educated previous to 1860. The Kentucky Institution for the Blind, at Louisville, B. M. Patton, Superintendent, was founded in 1842. It had, in 1861, 54 pupils and 4 teachers, one of them blind; the value of its buildings and grounds was estimated at $70,000; its annual current expenses were $9000, all of it received from the State. The charge per pupil per annum was $140. 75 blind persons had graduated from the institution before 1860. A "Printing-House for the Blind," intended to furnish books in the raised letters for the use of the blind, at a greatly-reduced price and of uniform style of character, was established in Louisville in 1859, and grants of considerable amount in money and lands were made to it by the Legislature of Kentucky and those of several of the other States. The object was a laudable one and deserving of success, but the establishment was probably temporarily suspended in 1861, and we cannot learn that it has since been opened. An asylum for the benefit of feeble-minded children was established at Frankfort in 1859, but we have not been able to obtain a report of it. Census Statistics.-Kentucky rank. 22d in area, and 9th in population. In density of population she ranks 14th; having 30.67 inhabitants to the square mile, a denser population than any other Slave State except Maryland. In absolute increase of population during the last decade it ranks 17th. In valuation it is 7th, only Virginia, among the Slave States, surpassing it. The number of white males was greater than that of white females by 28,905; the free colored females exceeded the free colored males by 482, and the male slaves the female by 535. In the value of its live stock it ranks 5th, being 7th in the number of its horses and 2d in the number of asses and mules, It is 4th in the number of swine, Indiana, Ten, nessee, and Missouri being but slightly in advance of it. It is 10th among the wheat-growing States, 5th among the corn-growing States, 9th in its crop of oats, 2d in tobacco, 1st in hemp, 2d in flax, 10th in wool, 11th in the production of butter, 6th in the value of animals slaughtered. The Contributions of Kentucky to the Volunteer Army.-When the President made his call for troops to suppress the rebellion on the 15th of April, 1861, Governor Magoffin, then Chief Magistrate of Kentucky, replied, "Kentucky will furnish no troops for the wicked purpose of subduing her sister Southern States." From this date till the early part of September, 1861, Kentucky attempted to maintain a neutral position between the United States and the rebels; but the invasion of the State by the Confederate forces on the 5th of September, 1861, effectually put an end to the idea of the possibility of maintaining neutrality, and thenceforth the sympathizers with the United States Government and those who sympathized with the Confederates each took decided ground for their own side. The Legislature was loyal to the Union by a large majority, and the Governor, whose sympathies were thought to be with the Confederates, after repeated attempts to thwart the action of the Legislature, finally resigned his office, August 16, 1862, and the President of the Senate, Hon. J. F. Robinson, a Unionist, became Governor. A large number of the young men of the State entered the Confederate army, and full as many the army of the Union. The Adjutant Hospitals for the Insane.-There are two Insane Asylums in the State, the "Eastern Kentucky Asylum," at Lexington, founded in 1824, of which Dr. W. S. Chipley is Superintendent, and the "Western Lunatic Asylum," at Hopkinsville, under the care of Dr. F. G. Montgomery. The former had in 1862, 237 patients, and the latter, 138. Near the close of 1860, the Eastern Asylum reported-patients at the beginning of the year, 226; admitted during the year, 45; discharged during the year, 43; remaining at the close of the year, 228. Of those discharged, 19 were recovered, 15 not recovered, 9 died. Percentage of recoveries on number resident, 8.37; on admissions, 42.22. Percentage of deaths on number resident, 3.96. At the same date the Western Asylum reported-General of the State reported, August 16, 1862, patients at the beginning of the year, 87; admitted during the year, 95; discharged daring the year, 74; remaining at close of the year, 108. Of those discharged, 38 were cured, 18 not cured, and 18 died. Percentage of recoveries on whole number resident, 38.77; on admissions, 40; percentage of deaths on whole number resident, 18.36. The State Penitentiary is at Frankfort, J. W. South, Keeper, who is also the contractor with the State for the labor of the convicts. The prison is on the Auburn or congregated plan. that 41,703 volunteers had entered the Union army to that date, and subsequent enlistments brought the number, on the 1st of November, 1862, to about 55,000 men. The enrolled militia of the State in 1861 numbered 137,211; in 1862, some of the counties, being disloyal, made no enrolment, and the whole number enrolled was only 101,378. Several severe battles have been fought in the State, and numerous skirmishes Of the battles, those of Wild Cat, Mill Spring, Munfordsville, Perryville, and Richmond, have been the most remarkable. XXIV. OHIO. Settled in 1788. Capital, Columbus. Area, 39,964 square miles. Population, 1860, 2,339,50. Government for the year 1863. T. C. Jones, President, Delaware, Delaware co.; Henry B. Perkins, Recording Secretary, Warren, Trumbull co.; *David Taylor, Treasurer, Columbus.; *John M. Millikin, Hamilton, Butler có.; *Darwin E. Gardner, Toledo, Lucas co.; William Dewitt, Cleveland.; *C. W. Potwin, Zanesville.; N. S. Townshend, Avon, Lorain co.; Jacob Egbert, Lebanon, Warren có.; Nelson J. Turney, Circleville, Pickaway co.; John H. Klippart, Corresponding Secretary, Columbus. The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and Trea- | ilton county, in which Cincinnati is situated, has surer of State are elected for two years, and the Secretary of State, Attorney-General, and State Librarian for the same period; but their election takes place on the alternate years. The Comptroller of the Treasury, State School Commissioner, and Commissioner of Statistics are elected for three years, but their terms expire on different years. The Auditor of State is elected for four years. The members of the Board of Public Works are elected for three years, one going out of office each year. The regular sessions of the Legislature are biennial. In the next session there will be thirtyfour Senators in the Senate, there being thirty-three districts, each having one Senator, except the first and seventeenth. The first, which comprises Ham three, and the seventeenth has a Senator only during the third and fourth biennial sessions of each decennial period. The eighth and thirtieth districts have also between them an additional Senator during the fifth session, and the thirtysecond and thirty-third together have an additional one in the third and fourth sessions. The Senators are chosen for two years. The ratio for a Senator is 66,845 inhabitants. The Representatives are elected for two years, and the ratio for each Representative is 23,396. The present number of Representatives is ninety-seven, but in the third, fourth, and fifth sessions of the present biennial period it will be increased, till, in 1869, it reaches one hundred and eleven. JUDICIARY. The Supreme Court consists of five judges, a majority of whom form a quorum. They are chosen by the people for five years, and their terms are so arranged that one goes out of office, and a successor is elected, each year. The judge having the oldest commission is Chief-Justice. This court has original jurisdiction in quo warranto, mandamus, habeas corpus, and procedendo, and appellate jurisdiction in other matters. It holds at least one term in each year, at the seat of government, and such other terms as may be provided for by law. *Term expires January 7, 1863. There are five circuits, each composed of two of | held sessions of the Supreme Court, presided over the Common Pleas districts, in each of which are by one of the Supreme Judges as per assignment. Courts of Common Pleas. The State is divided into ten Common Pleas dis- | of whom form a quorum, are held in each county tricts, each of which is subdivided into three at least once in each year. The District Courts sections, from each of which one judge is chosen have the same original jurisdiction with the Suby the electors of the section for five years, who preme Court, and appellate jurisdiction. There is must reside in his district while in office. In a Probate Court, with the usual probate jurisdic the second, fourth, fifth, seventh, and ninth dis- tion, in each county, open at all times, holden by tricts, additional judges are chosen in one or more one judge, who is chosen by the voters of each of the sections, to aid in holding courts, and in the county for three years. Justices of the Peace are sixth and eighth districts an additional judge is elected in each township, for three years. Clerks chosen for the whole district. The whole number of the Common Pleas are chosen in each county, of these Common Pleas judges in 1862 was forty- by the people for three years. There is in Cintwo. Their salary is $1500 each. Their term of cinnati a Superior Court, presided over by three office commences on the second Tuesday of Feb- judges, elected for three years, and whose terms ruary after their election. Courts of Common of office expire in May, 1863, 1864, and 1865. The Pleas are held by one or more of the judges in present judges are Oliver M. Spencer, George T. every county, and more than one court may be Hoadley, and Bellamy Storer. The salary of each held at the same time in each district. District is $3500 per annum. There are also Superior Courts, composed of the judges of the Courts of Courts, with a single judge, in Montgomery and Common Pleas of the respective districts, and of Franklin counties. The salary of each is $1500 one of the judges of the Supreme Court, any three per annum. FINANCES. The balance in the Treasury, Nov. 15, 1860, was.......... Total receipts.............................. Expenditures. Gross amount of disbursements from the Treasury for the year ending Nov. 15, 1861.. Balance in Treasury, Nov. 15, 1861.... Receipts during the year ending Nov. 15, 1862..................... Cash balance.................................................................................................................................................................................. $66,209 15 5,591,518 23 $5,657,727 38 $727,776 78 59,613 56 Items of Expenditure. For Executive Officers, Legislative, Transferred to Canal Fund............ State Debt.-By the provisions of the Revised Constitution of the State, Ohio can never contract any debt for purposes of internal improvements. Debts contracted to meet casual deficits in the revenue or expenses not otherwise provided for, must not exceed, in the aggregate, $750,000. It may also contract debts to repel invasion or redeem the present outstanding debt, but the money arising therefrom must be applied only to the purposes for which it was raised. The State had, prior to the adoption of the new Constitution, incurred a considerable debt in the construction of its canals and other public works. The amount issued prior to Jan. 1, 1845, and then outstanding, was $17.395,482 50. By the new Constitution, a sinking-fund was organized, consisting of the net annual income of the public works and stocks, and of such funds, raised by taxation or otherwise, as may be provided by law, which shall be made sufficient to pay the accruing interest on the public debt, and not less than $100,000 of the principal annually. The con dition of the debt of the State on the 15th Nov. 1861, was as follows :— For Superintendence and Repairs.. 19,524 45 752 25 Total Foreign Debt and Interest... Domestic Debt, i.e. principal and interest, payable at State Treasury— Not bearing interest, and National Road Bonds................................................................... Loan of 1863, 6 per cent... Loan of 1865, 6 per cent...... Loan of 1866, 6 per cent.................................... Loan of 1868, 6 per cent.... Irreducible Debt Total Domestic and Foreign Debt... School and Trust Funds, on which interest is paid... Total Debt and Interest.... ..... During the year 1862 this debt was reduced $755,610 73, leaving the amount (except the irreducibit debt), November 15, 1862, $14,141,666 61. |