EDUCATION.-There are in the State ten institutions of a collegiate character, four of them in the city or county of Baltimore, the other six respectively at Annapolis, Ellicott's Mills, near Emmitsburg, in Washington county, at Chestertown, and at Frederick. Five are under the direction of Roman Catholics, one Episcopal, one (the Female College in Baltimore) under the direction of the Methodists, two, denominations not known, and one, the Central High School at Baltimore, like the High School at Philadelphia, and the Free Academy of New York, the culmination of the public school system of the city. There are also two theological seminaries in the State, both under the care of the Roman Catholic Church, two medical schools, both in Baltimore, and a magnificent institute for the promotion of literature, the fine arts, and science, not yet fully organized, most munificently endowed by Geo. Peabody, the American banker, now of London, but formerly for many years a resident of Baltimore. SCHOOL FUND.-The State School Fund amounted, in 1859, to $327,263, and the total annual expenditure for schools the same year, to $564,891. The Public Schools of Baltimore.-The city of Baltimore has a system of graded schools of great excellence, in charge of a Board of Commissioners of Public Schools, twenty in number, of which George N. Eaton is President, and William D. McJilton, Clerk. On the 1st of January, 1862, there were under the charge of this Board 81 schools, viz.: 1 Central High School, with 10 professors and 238 students, and a collegiate course of instruction occupying four years; two female high schools, one with 8 and the other with 9 instructors, and an aggregate in the two of 545 pupils; 1 floating school, for the instruction of boys in navigation and seamanship, with 2 teachers and 42 pupils; one normal school, with 2 teachers and 95 pupils; 13 male and 15 female grammar schools, with 116 teachers and 5532 scholars, and 20 male and 28 female primary schools, with 152 teachers and 7109 scholars. There were also 6 evening schools, which were discontinued in the course of the year, which had 18 teachers and 806 scholars. The whole number of pupils in the schools at the close of the year was 14,367; the whole number under instruction during the year was 22,124. The expenditure for the year was $149,884 30, of which $98,926 41 was for salaries of teachers. The expenditure on account of the Central High School was $10,758 16; for the Female High Schools, $12,200 63. The total receipts were $154,995 13, of which $133,765 36 was from the city, $20,804 94 from tuition, and $424 83 from fines. Hospitals for the Insane.-There are two of these in the State, one in, the other near, Baltimore, The Maryland Hospital for the Insane," at Baltimore, founded in 1834, originally a general hospital, but in 1846 devoted exclusively to the insane, and the Mount Hope Institution, which has a general as well as an insane department, and was organized in 1842. This institution, under the care of Dr. W. H. Stokes, had in the winter of 1862, 197 patients; but we have no report later than 1860 of the particulars of admissions and discharges. The Maryland Hospital for the Insane is a State Institution. Dr. John Fonerden is Superintendent. On the 1st of January, 1861, there were under care 105 patients (56 males, 49 females); during the year 1861, 104 (77 males-of whom 32 were affected with mania-a-potu-and 27 females) were admitted, making the whole number under care during the year 209 (133 males, 76 females). The number of discharges during the year was 99, of whom were discharged as recovered (including 30 cases of manià-a-potu), 56 (49 males, 7 females); discharged improved, 36 (27 males, 9 females); died, 7 (3 males, 4 females); remaining, Jan. 1, 1862, 110 (54 males, 56 females). Of the whole number under care, 142 (96 males, 46 females) were private patients, and 67 (37 males and 30 females) public patients. The receipts for the year were $24,496 24, of which $9,540 21 was from the city and counties; the expenditures were $22,920 77, leaving a balance on hand of $1,575 47, besides $1,921 08 due to the institution from private patients and the city and counties. CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS.-The House of Refuge, at Baltimore.-W. R. Lincoln, Superintendent. This institution was opened in December, 1855. There were in the house December 31, 1860, 318 children (281 boys, 37 girls); there were committed during the year 83 (71 boys, 12 girls); 7 boys were received as boarders, 5 returned after being indentured, and 1 escaped boy returned, making the whole number in the House during the year 414 (362 boys, 52 girls). During the year 49 (37 boys and 12 girls) were indentured, 73 (66 boys and 7 girls) were discharged, 2 boys escaped, 5 were rejected as improper subjects, and 1 died, making 130 in all (106 boys and 24 girls) discharged, leaving 284 (256 boys and 28 girls) in the house on the 1st of January, 1862. The average number in the institution during the year was 271 boys and 30 girls,-total, 301. The children were generally committed for incorrigible or vicious conduct, truancy, vagrancy, begging and petty larceny, though a very few had been guilty of graver crimes. The average age of the boys was 12 years; of the girls, 114 years. Of the 90 received during the year, 25 were of foreign birth, 57 were orphans or half-orphans, the parents of 45 were intemperate. The receipts of the year were $27,757 21, the expenditures, $25,570 38, of which $22,009 70 are for correct expenses, or $73 12 per head per annum, which is somewhat lower than most of the institutions of the class. A separate House for the girls' department, erected from funds contributed by liberal citizens of Baltimore, was opened in Dec. 1861. Its cost, including furnishing, was $25,269 48. The State Penitentiary.-We have no later report from this prison than that of the year ending Nov. 30, 1859. There were then 422 convicts in the prison, and the average of the year had been 431. Of those in the prison, Dec. 1, 1859, 185 were convicted of theft, and 54 for horse-stealing, burglary, arson, and other crimes against property, 8 for murder in the first degree, 35 for murder in the second degree, and 44 for other crimes against the person; 395 were for the first time in a convict prison, 20 for a second time, and 7 for repeated recommitments, making in all 27 recommitted; 305 were Americans, of whom 139 were colored; 117 were foreigners, including 68 Germans, 32 Irish, 11 English. The expenditure for the prison is about $50,000 per annum, and in 1861, $28,000 of this amount was drawn from the State Treasury. The prison is on the Auburn or congregated plan, and the prisoners are employed in spinning, weaving, &c., or are hired out to contractors. The prison does not seem to be well managed, and the buildings are badly adapted, if not entirely unfit, for the purposes of a well-regulated prison. Census Statistics.-The population of Maryland consisted, in 1860, of 256,839 male and 259,079 female whites, 39,746 male and 44,196 female free colored persons, and 44,313 male and 42,876 female slaves, making a grand total of 687,049 inhabitants, of whom 266,553 were in the city and county of Baltimore. In area the State ranked 26th, in population, 19th, in density of population, 6th, and in absolute increase in the last decade, 8th. In its valuation it ranked 18th, and in the products of industry, 14th, only Virginia among the Southern States surpassing it. In the value of its farms it is 16th, North and South Carolina having nearly the same amounts. In the value of its live stock it ranks 25th. Its largest crops were tobacco (in which it ranks 4th), and wheat, in which it stands 11th. Its principal industrial products are, flour and meal, clothing, cotton goods, woollen goods, steam engines and machinery, leather, and coal. Contributions of Maryland to the Union Folunteer Army.-At the commencement of the war, Maryland was divided: its wealthier citizens, and those of the eastern part of the State, were, many of them, disloyal, and the passage of Union troops through Baltimore was resisted by an armed mob. The Legislature was also disloyal, and, but for the fealty of the Governor, would have forced the State into the Confederacy. The western portion of the State was generally loyal. During 1861 large numbers of young men from Baltimore and the eastern part of the State joined the Confederate army; but in the summer and autumn of that year several regiments of loyal soldiers were raised, and one of them—a cavalry regiment, under command of Colonel (afterwards General) Kenly-suffered severely at Front Royal at the time of General Banks's retreat. The whole number of Maryland Union troops we cannot give; but they have distinguished themselves whenever they have had opportunity. The State has been repeatedly invaded by the Confederate forces. XII, VIRGINIA. Settled in 1607. Capital, Richmond. Area in 1860, 61,352 square miles. Population in 1860, 1,596,318, of whom 490,865 were slaves. Valuation, 1860, including slaves, $793,249,681. Virginia is peculiarly situated. After some hesi- | and called an election for members of the Legistation, the Convention of Delegates of the State, who were in session at Richmond, passed, by a vote of eighty-eight to fifty-five, an ordinance of seces sion,-ten of the original members, who had been strongest in their opposition 'to it, having first been compelled to leave the Convention. This ordinance was submitted to the people on the fourth Thursday in May, and, without waiting for their action, the State was at once plunged into hostilities against the United States Government. The vote on the question of secession, in May, was almost unanimously in favor of it in Eastern Virginia, and as unanimously against it in the Western counties. Measures were taken at once in the Western counties for the organization of a loyal government. A Convention met at Wheeling on the 13th of May, 1861, and made provision for a Convention of Delegates from the people of the Western counties on the 11th of June, 1861. This Convention issued a Declaration of Independence, and organized a government for the State, to take the place of that which had joined the Confederacy, lature, which met at Wheeling, July 2, 1861. This Legislature also elected Senators to Congress, in place of Messrs. Mason and Hunter, who had resigned when the secession ordinance was passed. To this government a portion of the Eastern counties-especially those of Accomac, Northampton, and Alexandria, and, later, Norfolkgave in their adhesion. Of the government, officers, finances, banks, and charitable institutions of that portion of the State which has remained disloyal, we have little definite information. John Letcher, elected in 1860, and inaugurated Jan. 1861, is still its acting Governor. Its debt has been greatly increased, and large por tions of its fertile territory laid waste by the vicissitudes of the war. Its charitable institutions and its colleges have been used as hospitals. Meantime, the Western counties were determined to dissover their connection with the disloyal portion east of the Alleghanies, and to form a new State. The Convention, which had reassembled on the 20th of August, passed an ordinance Name. Office. Term ends. for the erection of a new State, to be called Kanawha, and to comprise the greater part Francis H. Peirpoint.Governor.................Jan. 1864 of the Western counties, and this ordinance was Daniel Polsley.......Lieutenant-Governor Jan. 1864 submitted to the people of those counties for Lucien A. Hagans...Secretary of Comm...Jan. 1864 their approval on the 24th of October. The vote Campbell Tarr.........Treasurer...............Jan. 1864 was almost unanimous in favor of the new State, Samuel Crane.........Auditor..................Jan. 1864 and at a subsequent session of the Convention, William W. Lewis... Clerk of Senate........Jan. 1861 on the 27th of November, the name was changed Daniel Frost....Speaker House of Del.Jan.1864 to West Virginia, and the details of the proContributions of Loyal Virginia to the Volposed organization perfected by the formation unteer Army.-The necessity of defending her of a Constitution for the proposed new State. own homes and firesides has prompted the most This Constitution contained no provision for the extraordinary activity and zeal on the part of the emancipation of the slaves of the State, but citizens of loyal Virginia in volunteering for the the question of emancipation was informally pre-national defence. To the 1st of Nov. 1862, the sented to the people, and an immense majority of votes given in its favor. The Legislature met on the 3d of May, 1862, in called session, approved of the division, and sent its memorial and a certified copy of the Constitution to Congress for the admission of the new State into the Union. It at once became evident, however, that it could not be admitted without some provision for emancipation, and, accordingly, Mr. Willey, one of the Senators from loyal Virginia, incorporated the following section: "It being represented to Congress that since the Convention of the 26th of November, 1861, that framed and proposed the Constitution for the said State of West Virginia, the people thereof have expressed a wish to change the 7th section of the 11th article of said Constitution by striking out the same and inserting the following in its place,-viz.: "The children of slaves born within the limits of this State after the 4th day of July, 1863, shall be free; and that all slaves within the said State who shall, at the time aforesaid, be under the age of 10 years, shall be free when they arrive at the age of 21 years; and all slaves over 10 and under 21 years shall be free when they arrive at the age of 25 years; and no slave shall be permitted to come into the State for permanent residence therein:' therefore "Be it further enacted, That whenever the people of West Virginia shall, through their said Convention, and by a vote to be taken at an election to be held within the limits of the said State, at such time as the Convention may provide, make and ratify the change aforesaid, and properly certify the same under the hand of the President of the Convention, it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to issue his Proclamation stating the fact, and thereupon this act shall take effect and be in force from and after sixty days from the date said Proclamation." The bill passed the Senate, but reached the House too late to be acted upon at that session. It came up, however, at the session of Dec. 1862, was passed by a large majority, and approved by the President, Dec. 31, 1862. There were, therefore, at the commencement of 1863, three distinct Governments existing in Virginia at one time,-viz.: the disloyal Government, with its capital at Richmond, the loyal Government, with its capital at Wheeling, and the new State of West Virginia. The officers of the (loyal) State of Virginia, at the close of the year 1862, were as follows: State had sent into the field sixteen full regiments of infantry, three regiments of cavalry, and one of artillery, in all about 20,000 men, and this while its loyal population did not exceed 200,000. WEST VIRGINIA. This new State, admitted into the Union on the last day of 1862, has not, at the time of the publication of this work, organized its government. Its area is not far from 20,000 square miles, and its population, by the census of 1860, 334,921, of whom 13,271 were slaves. It comprises 48 counties. The following is a description of its boundaries: Beginning where the Kentucky line leaves Tug Fork of Big Sandy River, it runs up the Fork to the line of McDowell county; thence S. and S.E. along Dividing Ridge, E. and N.E. along Tug Ridge to the corner joining McDowell and Mercer counties; S.E. in a straight line across Blue Stone River, and Black Oak Mountain to East River Mountain; N.E. along East River and Sweet Spring Mountain to the line of Allegany county; then due N.W. over State Mountain to the line of Greenbrier, on the Allegany Mountains; N.E. along the Alleganies to Hay-stack Knob; thence S.E. across Backbone, Jack, and Bull Pasture Mountains to Shenandoah Mountain; N.E. along the latter mountain to the N.W.corner of Rockingham county; then in a line due S.E. across West Mountain to Great North Mountain; then once more N.E. along Great North and Paddy Mountains, over and across Bear Ridge, White Pine Ridge, Big Timber Ridge, Bear Garden Ridge, and Cacapon Mountain to the line of Morgan county; then back again S.E. in a straight line across several of these ridges to Third Hill Mountain; then once more N.E., running along Third Hill Mountain and Cherry Run to the Potomac River about eleven miles west of Williamsport. From this point it follows the old Virginia boundaries along the Potomac to the west line of Maryland, up that line and along the S. and W. lines of Pennsylvania to the Ohio; then down the Ohio to the Big Sandy River and the State of Kentucky, and, finally, up the Big Sandy River and Tug Fork to the place of beginning. The new State is rich in iron, coal, petroleum oil, saltsprings, &c., and has a large amount of fertile and arable lands, and a mild and salubrious climate. The upper counties are traversed by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and its Parkersburg branch, XIIL NORTH CAROLINA. Settled in 1650. Capital, Raleigh. Area, 45,000 square miles. Population in 1860, 992,622. Valuation, 1860, $358,739,399 (including 331,059 slaves). This State having united with the other dis- | canals, &c. of the State in 1860 are given under loyal States in repudiating the United States Government, we have no later information in regard to its government, finances, and institutions than has been published elsewhere. The agricultural productions, manufactures, railroads, the census tables in another part of this work. Almost one-third of the State is in possession of the Union forces, and on the 1st of January, 1863, Edward Stanley was Military Governor of this portion, by appointment of the President. XIV. SOUTH CAROLINA. Settled in 1689. Capital, Columbia. Area, 24,500 square miles. Population, 1860, 703,708. Valuation, 1860 (including 402,406 slaves), $548,138,754. This State having been the first to declare its of 1861, are detailed in our census and other hostility to the United States Government, and statistical tables. Port Royal harbor, with the remaining disloyal at the time of the publication island adjacent, and a small territory along the of this work, we have no recent or definite in-coast, has been for about a year in possession of formation, on which we can rely, respecting its the United States forces, and Brigadier-General government, finances, or institutions. The agri-Rufus Saxton is Military Governor of this region, cultural productions, manufactures, railroads, ca- by appointment of the President. nals, &c. of the State in 1860, or the beginning XV. GEORGIA. Settled in 1733. Capital, Milledgeville. Area, 58,000 square miles. Population in 1860, 1,057,286. Valuation, 1860 (including 462,198 slaves), $645,895,237. This State having united with the other disloyal States in repudiating the authority of the United States Government and remaining in hostility to it at the time of the publication of this work, we have no recent or definite information, on which we can rely, in regard to its present government, finances, or institutions. The agri cultural products, manufactures, railroads, canals, &c. of the State in 1860, or the beginning of 1861, are given in our census and other statistical tables. The greater part of its coast, including Fort Pulaski and Tybee Island, at the entrance of the Savannah River, is in possession of the United States forces. XVI, FLORIDA. First settled by the Spaniards, in 1580. Purchased by the United States in 1819. Capital, Tallahassee. Area, 59,268 square miles. Population in 1860, 140,425. Valuation, 1860 (including 61,745 slaves), $73,101,500. This State united with the other disloyal States in repudiating the authority of the United States, and, its local government still persisting in its hostility, we are without definite or recent information concerning its government, finances, or institutions. The census and other statistical tables in this work give its agricultural productions, manufactures, railroads, canals, &c. in 1860, or the beginning of 1861. The lower portion of the State. including the important position of Key West and the forts on the Tortugas, have never thrown off their allegiance, but have constantly maintained the United States authority, as has also the strong fortress Fort Pickens at Pensacola; and now almost the entire coast of the State, Atlantic and Gulf, together with Pensacola and Warrington, the former site of the U. S. Navy-Yard, are in possession of the United States forces. |