Census Statistics.-Census of 1860. The assessed valuation of the real and personal property of the State in 1860, according to the reports of the assessors, was $296,682,442; but the Census returns make the amount much larger,-$467,918,324, an increase of 267 millions of dollars since 1860. In 1850, there were 4207 manufacturing establishments in the State, producing $500 and upwards annually, with an aggregate capital of $22,293,258, using raw material costing $22,011,871, employing 29,068 male and 8762 female operatives, paying $9,364,740 annually for wages, and producing $39,851,266 in value of manufactured products. In 1860, there were 4172 manufacturing establishments in the State, employing a capital of $38,430.373, using raw material of the value of $39,781,653, employing 42,294 male and 12,320 female operatives, and producing goods of the value of $75,471,550. The amount of wages paid monthly for male labor was $1,172,688; for female labor, $129,974. The number of acres of improved lands in 1850 was 1,767,991, in 1860, 1,944,445; cash value of farms in 1850, $120,237,511, in 1860, $180,250,338; farming-implements, value in 1850, $4,425,503, in 1860, $5,746,567; number of horses in 1850, 63,955, in 1860, 79,507; asses and mules in 1850, 4089, in 1860, 6362; number of milchcows in 1850, 118,736, in 1860, 138,818; workingoxen have slightly decreased, the number in 1850 being 12,070, and in 1860 only 10,067; other cattle in 1850, 80,455, in 1860, 89,909; sheep in 1850, 160,488, in 1860, 135,228; swine in 1850, 250,370, in 1860, 236,089; value of live stock in 1850, $10,679,291, in 1860, $16,134,693. Wheat raised in 1850, 1,601,190 bushels, in 1860, 1,763,128; rye in 1850, 1,255,578 bushels, in 1860, 1,439,497 bushels; Indian corn in 1850, 8,759,704 bushels, in 1860, 9,723,336 bushels; oats in 1850, 3,378,063 bushels, in 1860, 4,539,132 bushels; tobacco in 1850, 310 lbs., in 1860, 149,485 lbs.; wool in 1850, 375,396 lbs., in 1850, 349,250 lbs.; peas and beans in 1850, 14,174 bushels, in 1860, 27,765; Irish potatoes in 1850, 3,207,136 bushels, in 1860, 4,171,960; sweet potatoes in 1850, 508,015 bushels, in 1860, 1,034,832 bushels; barley in 1850, 6492 bushels, in 1860, 24,915 bushels; buckwheat in 1850, 878,934 bushels, in 1860, 877,386 bushels; orchard products in 1850 valued at $607.268, in 1860, $429,402; wine in 1850, 1811 gallons, in 1860, 21,083 gallons; market-garden products in 1850, valued at $475.242, in 1860, $1,542,155; butter in 1850, 9,487,210 lbs., in 1860, 10,714,447 lbs. ; cheese in 1850, 365,756 lbs., in 1860, 182,172 lbs.; hay in 1850, 435.950 tons, in 1860, 508,729 tons; clover-seed in 1850, 28,280 bushels, in 1860, 39,208 bushels; grass-seed in 1850, 63,051 bushels, in 1860, 85,410 bushels; hemp in 1860, 430

flax in 1850, 182,965 lbs., in 1860, 48,651 lbs. ; flaxseed in 1850, 16,525 bushels, in 1860, 3241 bushels; maple sugar in 1850, 2197 lbs., in 1860, 3455 lbs. Sorghum molasses in 1860, 360 gallons; maple molasses in 1860, 8088 gallons; beeswax and honey in 1850, 156,694 lbs.; beeswax in 1860, 8130 lbs., honey in 1860, 185,925 lbs.,-total beeswax and honey in 1860, 194,055 lbs; value of home-made manufactures in 1850, $112,781, in 1860, $27 588; value of slaughtered animals in 1850, $2,638,552, in 1860, $4,126,276. There were published in the State, in 1860, 79 political, 2 religious, 7 literary, and 2 miscellaneous newspapers and periodicals having an aggregate circulation of 12,801,412 copies.

The

The number of dwelling-houses in the State was 108,144; the number of families, 118,487, giving 1.09 families to a dwelling; and, comparing the number of families with the population, we find that the families average 5.7 persons. The number of white males in the State was 322,732; of white females, 323,966; total whites, 646,698: of free colored males, 12,313; of free colored females, 13,005; total free colored, 25,318; and there were in the State 6 male and 12 female slaves. aggregate population was 672,034, and the Federal representative population 672,027. The number of farms in cultivation was 27,220. The amount of real estate in the State, according to the census of 1860, was $151,161,941; the taxes paid that year were: county tax, $338,244.66; school tax, $247,017.50; the poor tax, $56,568.79; road tax, $151,388.62; all other taxes, $526,079.74, making the total amount raised by tax that year, $1,319,299.31. Of the deaf and dumb persons in the State, 28 were foreigners, and 254 natives; 10 were colored; 147 were males, 135 females; 22 were under 10 years of age; 114 under 30 years; 30 (17 whites and 13 colored) who were over 20 years of age could not read or write. Of the blind, 107 were males and 101 females; 196 whites and 12 colored; 174 natives and 34 foreigners; 5 were under 10 years of age, and 42 under 30, while 45 were over seventy. Of the insane, 279 were males, and 310 females; 574 whites and 15 colored; 406 natives and 133 foreigners; 5 were under 10 years of age and 36 under 20, while 64 were above 60. Of the idiotic, 221 were males, 144 females; 344 whites, 21 colored; 350 natives and 15 foreigners; 25 were under 10 years of age, and 90 under 20 years, while 37 were over 60. The whole number of paupers supported in the State within the year ending June 1, 1860, was 5295, of whom 2006 were natives, and 3289 foreigners. The number receiving aid on that day was 1492, of whom 1057 were natives, and 435 foreigners; and the annual cost of their support was

$123.269.82. The whole number of criminals convicted during the year was 1522, of whom 752 were natives, and 770 foreigners.

All judges are elected by the people. The judges of the Supreme Court are chosen at large, and for a term of fifteen years. The one having the shortest term to serve is Chief-Justice. The president judges of the several Courts of Common Pleas and other courts of record, and all other judges required to be learned in the law, are elected by the electors of the districts over which they are to preside, and for a term of ten years. The associate justices of the Common Pleas hold their offices for five years. All judges hold office for their term during good behavior. For reasonable cause, though not sufficient grounds for impeachment, the Governor may remove them,

upon the address of two-thirds of each branch of the Legislature. Any vacancy among the judges arising from any cause is filled by appointment by the Governor, the incumbent holding office until the first Monday in December succeeding the next subsequent general election. During their continuance in office the judges of the Supreme Court must reside within the Commonwealth, and the other judges in the district or county for which they were elected.

The District Courts are invested with the civi jurisdiction of the Common Pleas in their respect ive districts in all cases exceeding a certain amount.

The receipts from all sources for the year ending November 30, 1862, were $6,763,853 35, of which $4,047,822 39 was from ordinary sources, and the remainder from loans, United States Government, &c. The expenditures for the same year were $4,590,509 26, of which $1,023,345 77 was for ordinary purposes, except interest. The balance in the treasury, December 1, 1862, was $2,172,844 10. State Debt.-The old State debt on December 1, 1861, was $37,868,516 08, and there was added during the year 1861, loans for military purposes, to the amount of $2,712,150, of which $100,000 was a temporary loan, and $2,612,150 reimbursable in 1871, making the total debt of the State, December, 1861, $40,580,666 08. Of the old debt, $20,101,153 33 is over-due, $1,914,198 05 was reimbursable in 1862; $181,200 in 1863; $2,925,995 03 in 1864; $1,562,435 76 in 1865; $2,302,773 78 in 1868; $1,773,638 55 in 1870; $4,960,000 in 1877; $428,000 in 1878; $400,000 in 1879; $850,000 in 1882; $365,105 10 were bank-charter loans, $98,771 relief notes in circulation, and $20,619 36 interest certificates outstanding and unclaimed, and amount due domestic creditors. The valuation of the State,

according to the United States census of 1860, was $1,416,501,818. The State valuation for 1861which exempts large amounts of property as being otherwise taxed-was $569,049,867, of which Philadelphia held $167,396,725. The number of taxables was 642,462, and the amount of the direct tax on real and personal estate assessed $1,479,377 81, or about 50 cents per inhabitant.

The State holds canal, navigation, and turnpike stocks to the amount of $1,754,321 62, and railroad bonds, the proceeds of the sale of her public works, to the amount of $10,881,000, of which $7,100,000 are the bonds of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, $3,500,000 of the Sunbury & Erie Railroad Company, and $281,000 of the Wyoming Canal Company. These bonds are secured by mortgages of the railroads.

On the 30th of November, 1862, the total amount of public debt was $40,448,213 82, toward the liquidation of which it held bonds of railroads and canals, the payment of which at maturity could be depended upon, to the amount of $10,781,000.